The study was funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund (L232054) and Capital Health Development Research Special Fund (NO.2024-2-2024).

The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University. This method will be introduced via a retrospective case study, utilizing only the preoperative prone-position computed tomography (CT) imaging data of the patient. The &#34;Nine-grid Area Division Method&#34; in assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) offers a simpler and more effective approach compared to traditional methods, resulting in reduced surgical and radiation exposure times. Th...

Enhancing Pedicle Puncture Precision with 3D Modeling and a Nine-Grid Method

<ol>
	<li>Wenhao, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+percutaneous+kyphoplasty+with+high-viscosity+and+low-viscosity+bone+cement+for+treatment+of+osteoporotic+vertebral+compression+fractures:+a+retrospective+study.">A comparison of percutaneous kyphoplasty with high-viscosity and low-viscosity bone cement for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a retrospective study.</a> Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 13, 21514593221119625 (2022).</li><li>Xuebiao, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CT+features+and+risk+factors+of+pulmonary+cement+embolism+after+vertebroplasty+or+kyphoplasty+in+patients+with+vertebral+compression+fracture:+a+retrospective+cohort+study.">CT features and risk factors of pulmonary cement embolism after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty in patients with vertebral compression fracture: a retrospective cohort study.</a> Quant Imaging Med Surg. 13 (4), 2397-2407 (2023).</li><li>Liehua, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+study+on+the+puncture+method+of+extrapedicular+infiltration+anesthesia+applied+during+lumbar+percutaneous+vertebroplasty+or+percutaneous+kyphoplasty.">A study on the puncture method of extrapedicular infiltration anesthesia applied during lumbar percutaneous vertebroplasty or percutaneous kyphoplasty.</a> Medicine (Baltimore). 98 (33), e16792 (2019).</li><li>Lo Bianco, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interventional+pain+procedures:+a+narrative+review+focusing+on+safety+and+complications.+PART+2+Interventional+procedures+for+back+pain.">Interventional pain procedures: a narrative review focusing on safety and complications. PART 2 Interventional procedures for back pain.</a> J Pain Res. 16, 761-772 (2023).</li><li>Jie, W., Qiang, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beware+of+Brucella+spondylitis+following+vertebroplasty:+an+unusual+case+of+osteoporotic+vertebral+compression+fracture.">Beware of Brucella spondylitis following vertebroplasty: an unusual case of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.</a> Infect Drug Resist. 15, 2565-2572 (2022).</li><li>Xinqiang, H., Yongzhen, Z., Zhu, W., Mengpeng, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Case+report:+Cement+entrapped+in+the+inferior+vena+cava+filter+after+pedicle+screw+augmentation.">Case report: Cement entrapped in the inferior vena cava filter after pedicle screw augmentation.</a> Front Cardiovasc Med. 9, 892025 (2022).</li><li>Saracen, A., Kotwica, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complications+of+percutaneous+vertebroplasty:+An+analysis+of+1100+procedures+performed+in+616+patients.">Complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty: An analysis of 1100 procedures performed in 616 patients.</a> Medicine (Baltimore). 95 (24), e3850 (2016).</li><li>Peilun, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+&amp;#34;three-dimensional-printed+individual+guide+template-assisted+percutaneous+vertebroplasty&amp;#34;+for+osteoporotic+vertebral+compression+fracture:+a+prospective,+controlled+study.">A novel &amp;#34;three-dimensional-printed individual guide template-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty&amp;#34; for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a prospective, controlled study.</a> J Orthop Surg Res. 16 (1), 326 (2021).</li><li>Jiashen, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+sarcopenia+and+sagittal+parameters+on+the+residual+back+pain+after+percutaneous+vertebroplasty+in+patients+with+osteoporotic+vertebral+compression+fracture.">Impact of sarcopenia and sagittal parameters on the residual back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.</a> J Orthop Surg Res. 17 (1), 111 (2022).</li><li>Songfeng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+percutaneous+vertebroplasty+for+the+relief+of+osteoblastic+spinal+metastasis+pain.">Efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty for the relief of osteoblastic spinal metastasis pain.</a> Exp Ther Med. 22 (1), 727 (2021).</li><li>Ruszat, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoselective+vaporization+of+the+prostate:+subgroup+analysis+of+men+with+refractory+urinary+retention.">Photoselective vaporization of the prostate: subgroup analysis of men with refractory urinary retention.</a> Eur Urol. 50 (5), 1040-1049 (2006).</li><li>Junchuan, X., Jisheng, L., Jian, L., Yong, Y., Qi, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&amp;#34;Targeted+percutaneous+vertebroplasty&amp;#34;+versus+traditional+percutaneous+vertebroplasty+for+osteoporotic+vertebral+compression+fracture.">&amp;#34;Targeted percutaneous vertebroplasty&amp;#34; versus traditional percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.</a> Surg Innov. 26 (5), 551-559 (2019).</li></ol>

The authors have no conflict of interest regarding any drugs, materials, or devices described in this study.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy in managing painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF)9. The utilization of precise percutaneous pedicle puncture technology by surgeons plays a crucial role in determining the optimal insertion point, direction, and depth of the puncture needle, thereby significantly reducing the occurrence of complications10. Currently, C-arm X-ray machines are widely employed in the domestic a...

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is the most prevalent type of fracture among osteoporotic fractures and poses a significant clinical concern in contemporary healthcare1. According to current guidelines, percutaneous vertebroplasty is recognized as one of the most efficacious minimally invasive treatment modalities for OVCF2. The predominant method for performing percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) involves the pedicle puncture approach, which encompasses three key parameters: the identification of the bone puncture entry point, puncture angle, and puncture depth. Of these parameters, the selection of the bone puncture entry point is considered the most crucial.
Currently, C-arm X-ray machines are widely employed in the domestic and international practice of traditional PVP surgery to facilitate the adjustment of the surgical path of the puncture needle. The crucial aspect lies in identifying the &#34;ideal bone puncture point,&#34; which is conventionally situated at the projection &#34;left 10 points, right 2 points&#34; of the pedicle in the lumbar spine (Figure 1A)3. Despite their experience, even seasoned surgeons may make mistakes when determining appropriate puncture points based solely on personal experience. This can lead to puncture-related complications such as cement leakage into surrounding tissues, nerve root injury, and intra-spinal hematoma4,5,6. Additionally, nearly half of patients experience local complications from traditional PVP, with 95% of these complications attributed to cement leakage into surrounding tissue or embolization of paravertebral veins7. Our preliminary research found that the actual PVP bone puncture points in the lumbar spine are not always located at the ideal pedicle projection &#34;left 10 points and right 2 points&#34;8. Some actual puncture points can also achieve satisfactory puncture results near the &#34;ideal bone puncture point,&#34; which does not affect surgical safety and accuracy.
Based on the above assumptions, we propose, for the first time, the concept of the &#34;ideal bone puncture region&#34; for PVP in the lumbar spine and divide the projection of the pedicle into a &#34;Nine-grid Area&#34;. The concept of the ideal bone puncture region pertains to specific anatomical regions where the puncture entry point can successfully and securely reach the puncture ideal endpoint through the pedicle.The term &#34;Nine-grid Area Division Method&#34; refers to a technique in the X-ray anteroposterior image whereby the longest and shortest diameters of the pedicle projection are divided into three equal parts, resulting in the division of the area into nine regions (Figure 1B). These regions are sequentially numbered from 1 to 9, progressing from the outermost to the innermost and from top to bottom. Using the X-ray projection of the lumbar pedicle as an anatomical marker, we establish the &#34;ideal bone puncture region&#34; for PVP through the &#34;Nine-grid Area Division Method&#34; instead of being confined to a single point. We use computer simulation to explore a safe puncture path during the puncture process.
Hence, we suggest the implementation of the &#34;Nine-grid Area Division Method&#34; as a potential method for enhancing the convenience, efficiency, and safety of auxiliary puncture techniques in PVP surgery, with the aim of enhancing procedural accuracy and minimizing puncture-related complications. It is important to note that this study presents a theoretical approach that requires validation through extensive research to ascertain its efficacy and safety.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer tomography&#160;</td>
			<td>Company GE</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Geomagic Wrap (3-D reverse engineering production software)</td>
			<td>Oqton software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic resonance image machine</td>
			<td>Company GE</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (medical imaging processing software)</td>
			<td>Materialise Company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solidworks (3-D modeling design software)</td>
			<td>Dassault Syst&#232;mes&#160;-&#160;SolidWorks Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spirit Level Plus</td>
			<td>IOS App store</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>gradientor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray machine</td>
			<td>Company Philips</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>machine</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

nine-grid area division method: a new ideal bone puncture region for percutaneous vertebroplasty in lumbar spine 

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is widely recognized as an efficacious intervention for alleviating low back pain resulting from osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The ideal bone puncture point is conventionally situated at the projection "left 10 points, right 2 points" of the pedicle in the lumbar spine. Determining the optimal bone puncture point represents a critical and complex challenge. The accuracy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is primarily influenced by the proficiency of the operating surgeons and the utilization of multiple fluoroscopes during the conventional procedure. Incidences of puncture-related complications have been documented globally. In an effort to enhance the precision of the surgical technique and reduce the occurrence of puncture-related complications, our team applied the "Nine-grid Area Division Method" for PVP in the lumbar spine to modify the traditional procedure. There is potential to decrease the number of puncture times, the radiation exposure dosage, and the duration of surgical procedures.
This protocol introduces the definition of the "Nine-grid Area Division Method" and describes the process of modeling target vertebrae DICOM imaging data within medical imaging processing software, simulating operations within a 3-D model, refining the 3-D model using reverse engineering production software, reconstructing the vertebral engineering model within 3-D modeling design software, and utilizing surgical data to determine safe entry regions for pedicle projection. By employing this methodology, surgeons can effectively identify appropriate puncture points with precision and ease, thereby reducing the intricacies associated with puncturing and enhancing the overall accuracy of surgical procedures.

Author Spotlight: Improving Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Surgical Accuracy and Efficiency Through Advanced Puncture Techniques

Nine-Grid Area Division Method: A New Ideal Bone Puncture Region for Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Lumbar Spine 

Our research is about the puncture techniques in PVP surgery. We are trying to answer how to enhance procedure accuracy and minimize puncture related complications during PVP surgery. With MGC of new technologies, various puncture techniques are developing rapidly, such as navigation system redemption of creating guided template, and so-There's a learning curve for learning to use medical imaging software.Furthermore, larger scale studies are imperative to validate the reliability and the practicability of this founding. Employing this methodology, surgeons may decrease the dosage of intraoperative projection and minimize the duration of surgical procedures required for adjusting the bone entry point of the puncture needle, ultimately improving surgical efficiency and efficacy.

CT imaging and digital modeling were performed in the hospital. It took 30 min to build the 3-D model from the CT images, ~10 min to polish the 3-D model in 3-D reverse engineering production software, and 15 min to reconstruct the vertebral engineering model and confirm the safe entry regions of pedicle projection in 3-D modeling design software. The ideal bone puncture region includes regions 1, 4, and 7 on the left side in this case. The notion of the ideal bone puncture region refers...

Herein, we present a "Nine-grid Area Division Method" for percutaneous vertebroplasty. A patient with an L1 vertebral compression fracture was selected as a case study.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is widely recognized as an efficacious intervention for alleviating low back pain resulting from osteoporotic vertebral ...

nine-grid-area-division-method-new-ideal-bone-puncture-region-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

108 Görüntüleme.  Capital Medical University. Araştırmamız PVP cerrahisinde delme teknikleri ile ilgilidir. PVP cerrahisi sırasında prosedür doğruluğunu nasıl artıracağımızı ve delinme ile ilgili komplikasyonları nasıl en aza indireceğimizi cevaplamaya çalışıyoruz. Yeni teknolojilerin MGC'si ile, kılavuzlu şablon oluşturmanın navigasyon sistemi kullanımı gibi çeşitli delme teknikleri hızla gelişiyor ve bu nedenle, tıbbi görüntüleme yazılımını kullanmayı öğrenmek ...