eoe sub articles

EoE Sub Articles

1. Electroporation of Macrophage and T Cell Lines
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	<li>Prepare cell cultures for electroporation
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		<li>Prepare Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) as complete growth medium for Jurkat T cells. Prepare Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% FBS for culturing RAW264.7 macrophages. Supplement all complete growth media with 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 &#181;g/mL streptomycin (Pen/Strep) except for media used fo...

all-in-one crispr genome editing: a method for homology directed repair-based gene knock-in in cultured cells using crispr-cas9 system

Source: Zhang, L. et al, <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/62328">Gene Knock-in by CRISPR/Cas9 and Cell Sorting in Macrophage and T Cell Lines.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2021).
In this video, we demonstrate all-in-one CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing in cultured cells where Cas9 and sgRNA are provided as a single plasmid construct to the cells. The CRISPR-Cas9 system and desired gene to be inserted was introduced in cells through electroporation technique to facilitate successful gene editing.

All-in-One CRISPR Genome Editing: A Method for Homology Directed Repair-Based Gene Knock-In in Cultured Cells Using CRISPR-Cas9 System

Source: Zhang, L. et al, Gene Knock-in by CRISPR/Cas9 and Cell Sorting in Macrophage and T Cell Lines. J. Vis. Exp. (2021).
In this video, we demonstrate ...

Begin by adding all-in-one CRISPR plasmid to immune cells present in a tube. This plasmid contains a Cas9 gene in combination with the sgRNA or single-guide RNA encoding sequence, complementary to the target sequence in the host genome.
Add a linearized donor plasmid containing a transgene sandwiched between homology arms or HAs - the DNA repeats necessary for homologous recombination. Perform electroporation, which uses electric current to inject the plasmid mix into the cell. Once inside, the processed sgRNA forms a complex with the expressed Cas9 nuclease.
The sgRNA binds the target site, allowing the Cas9 nuclease to identify the specific recognition sequence known as protospacer adjacent motif or PAM, and cleave the host DNA near it. This creates a blunt-ended double-strand break where the cellular machinery resects the DNA, generating 3&#39;&#160;overhangs. The presence of HA flanking sites triggers the homology-directed repair mechanism where the cut DNA joins the HA sequence, forming a heteroduplex structure - the D-loop.
DNA synthesis continues, forming a strand complementary to the transgene sequence until it rejoins the original DNA strand. The top of the D-loop acts as a template to synthesize the missing part of the DNA, generating the double Holliday junctions - structures where four DNA strands interact. These junctions resolve and the gaps repair, facilitating target gene insertion.

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Research

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Biological Techniques

Genome Editing Techniques

Gene knock-in

Generating Recombinant Avian Herpesvirus Vectors with CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing

Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is an ideal viral vector for the generation of recombinant vaccines against a number of avian diseases, such as avian influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bursal disease (IBD), using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis or conventional recombination methods. The clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has been successfully used in many settings for gene editing, including the manipulation of several large DNA virus genomes. We have developed a rapid and efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing pipeline to generate recombinant HVT. To maximize the potential use of this method, we present here detailed information about the methodology of generating recombinant HVT expressing the VP2 protein of IBDV. The VP2 expression cassette is inserted into the HVT genome via an NHEJ (nonhomologous end-joining)-dependent repair pathway. A green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression cassette is first attached to the insert for easy visualization and then removed via the Cre-LoxP system. This approach offers an efficient way to introduce other viral antigens into the HVT genome for the rapid development of recombinant vaccines.

Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is widely used as a vector platform for the generation of recombinant vaccines against a number of avian diseases. This article describes a simple and rapid approach for the generation of recombinant HVT-vectored vaccines using an integrated NHEJ-CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre-Lox system.

Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is an ideal viral vector for the generation of recombinant vaccines against a number of avian diseases, such as avian ...

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

CRISPR-Cas9-based Genome Engineering to Generate Jurkat Reporter Models for HIV-1 Infection with Selected Proviral Integration Sites

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrates its proviral DNA non-randomly into the host cell genome at recurrent sites and genomic hotspots. Here we present a detailed protocol for the generation of novel in vitro models for HIV infection with chosen genomic integration sites using CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering technology. With this method, a reporter sequence of choice can be integrated into a targeted, chosen genomic locus, reflecting clinically relevant integration sites.
In the protocol, the design of an HIV-derived reporter and choosing of a target site and gRNA sequence are described. A targeting vector with homology arms is constructed and transfected into Jurkat T cells. The reporter sequence is targeted to the selected genomic site by homologous recombination facilitated by a Cas9-mediated double-strand break at the target site. Single-cell clones are generated and screened for targeting events by flow cytometry and PCR. Selected clones are then expanded, and correct targeting is verified by PCR, sequencing, and Southern blotting. Potential off-target events of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome engineering are analyzed.
By using this protocol, novel cell culture systems that model HIV infection at clinically relevant integration sites can be generated. Although the generation of single-cell clones and verification of correct reporter sequence integration is time-consuming, the resulting clonal lines are powerful tools to functionally analyze proviral integration site choice.

We present a genome engineering workflow for the generation of new in vitro models for HIV-1 infection that recapitulate proviral integration at selected genomic sites. Targeting of HIV-derived reporters is facilitated by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated, site-specific genome manipulation. Detailed protocols for single-cell clone generation, screening, and correct targeting verification are provided.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrates its proviral DNA non-randomly into the host cell genome at recurrent sites and genomic hotspots. Here we ...

Lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing for the Study of Hematopoietic Cells in Disease Models

Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting from advances in genome editing technology and lentivirus-mediated transgene delivery systems, an efficient and economical method is described here that establishes mice in which genes are manipulated specifically in hematopoietic stem cells. Lentiviruses are used to transduce Cas9-expressing lineage-negative bone marrow cells with a guide RNA (gRNA) targeting specific genes and a red fluorescence reporter gene (RFP), then these cells are transplanted into lethally-irradiated C57BL/6 mice. Mice transplanted with lentivirus expressing non-targeting gRNA are used as controls. Engraftment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells are evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of RFP-positive leukocytes of peripheral blood. Using this method, ~90% transduction of myeloid cells and ~70% of lymphoid cells at 4 weeks after transplantation can be achieved. Genomic DNA is isolated from RFP-positive blood cells, and portions of the targeted site DNA are amplified by PCR to validate the genome editing. This protocol provides a high-throughput evaluation of hematopoiesis-regulatory genes and can be extended to a variety of mouse disease models with hematopoietic cell involvement.

Described are protocols for the highly efficient genome editing of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) by the CRISPR/Cas9 system to rapidly develop mouse model systems with hematopoietic system-specific gene modifications.

Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting ...

All-in-One CRISPR Genome Editing: A Method for Homology Directed Repair-Based Gene Knock-In in Cultured Cells Using CRISPR-Cas9 System

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