Name: design of a biaxial mechanical loading bioreactor for tissue engineering
Uploaded: 2013-04-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering at JoVE.com

这项工作是支持研究与发展，RR＆D服务，美国退伍军人事务部，NIH COBRE 1P20RR024484 AR02128，NIH K24和国防W81XWH-10-1-0643系办公室。

1。装双轴生物反应器的设计<ol><li>的生物反应器采用由Thor实验室（牛顿，MA）制造的精确引导的激光应用工程化组织施加单轴或双轴的机械应变，负荷剂量以极高的精度（振幅和频率）和各种各样的应用程序的两个阶段组织培养条件从单一到24孔板中（ 图1）。 </li><li>双向轴向载荷是通过“两个TravelMax阶段（LNR50SE）。这些阶段被安装正交在XZ配置。水平阶段提供动态剪切运动，沿X?...

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+extracellular+matrix+production+in+regenerating+cartilage+with+intermittent+physiological+pressure.">Increasing extracellular matrix production in regenerating cartilage with intermittent physiological pressure.</a> Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 62, 166-174 (1999).</li><li>Frank, E. H., Jin, M., Loening, A. M., Levenston, M. E., Grodzinsky, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+versatile+shear+and+compression+apparatus+for+mechanical+stimulation+of+tissue+culture+explants.">A versatile shear and compression apparatus for mechanical stimulation of tissue culture explants.</a> J. Biomech. 33, 1523-1527 (2000).</li><li>Wagner, D. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrostatic+pressure+enhances+chondrogenic+differentiation+of+human+bone+marrow+stromal+cells+in+osteochondrogenic+medium.">Hydrostatic pressure enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in osteochondrogenic medium.</a> Ann. Biomed. Eng. 36, 813-820 (2008).</li><li>Butler, D. L., Goldstein, S. A., Guilak, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+Tissue+Engineering:+The+Role+of+Biomechanics.">Functional Tissue Engineering: The Role of Biomechanics.</a> J. Biomech. Eng. 122, 570-575 (2000).</li><li>Guilak, F., Butler, D. L., Goldstein, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+Tissue+Engineering.+The+role+of+biomechanics+in+articular+cartilage+repair.">Functional Tissue Engineering. The role of biomechanics in articular cartilage repair.</a> Clin. Orthop. 391S, S295-S305 (2001).</li><li>Mauck, R. L., Byers, B. A., Yuan, X., Tuan, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+cartilaginous+ECM+gene+transcription+by+chondrocytes+and+MSCs+in+3D+culture+in+response+to+dynamic+loading.">Regulation of cartilaginous ECM gene transcription by chondrocytes and MSCs in 3D culture in response to dynamic loading.</a> Biomech. Model Mechanobiol. 6, 113-125 (2007).</li><li>Rubin, C., Xu, G., Judex, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anabolic+activity+of+bone+tissue,+suppressed+by+disuse,+is+normalized+by+brief+exposure+to+extremely+low-magnitude+mechanical+stimuli.">The anabolic activity of bone tissue, suppressed by disuse, is normalized by brief exposure to extremely low-magnitude mechanical stimuli.</a> FASEB J. 15, 2225-2229 (2001).</li><li>Wimmer, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tribology+approach+to+the+engineering+and+study+of+articular+cartilage.">Tribology approach to the engineering and study of articular cartilage.</a> Tissue Eng. 10, 1436-1445 (2004).</li><li>Miyata, S., Tateishi, T., Ushida, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+cartilaginous+matrix+accumulation+on+viscoelastic+response+of+chondrocyte/agarose+constructs+under+dynamic+compressive+and+shear+loading.">Influence of cartilaginous matrix accumulation on viscoelastic response of chondrocyte/agarose constructs under dynamic compressive and shear loading.</a> J. Biomech. Eng. 130, 051016 (2008).</li><li>Heiner, A. D., Martin, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cartilage+responses+to+a+novel+triaxial+mechanostimulatory+culture+system.">Cartilage responses to a novel triaxial mechanostimulatory culture system.</a> J. Biomech. 37, 689-695 (2004).</li><li>Waldman, S. D., Couto, D. C., Grynpas, M. D., Pilliar, R. M., Kandel, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-axial+mechanical+stimulation+of+tissue+engineered+cartilage:+review.">Multi-axial mechanical stimulation of tissue engineered cartilage: review.</a> Eur. Cell Mater. 13, 66-73 (2007).</li><li>Wartella, K. A., Wayne, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioreactor+for+biaxial+mechanical+stimulation+to+tissue+engineered+constructs.">Bioreactor for biaxial mechanical stimulation to tissue engineered constructs.</a> J. Biomech. Eng. 131, 044501 (2009).</li><li>Bian, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+mechanical+loading+enhances+functional+properties+of+tissue-engineered+cartilage+using+mature+canine+chondrocytes.">Dynamic mechanical loading enhances functional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage using mature canine chondrocytes.</a> Tissue Eng. Part A. 16, 1781-1790 (2010).</li><li>Bilgen, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+of+a+Biaxial+Loading+Device+for+Cartilage+Tissue+Engineering.">Design of a Biaxial Loading Device for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.</a> , 1815 (2011).</li><li>Mauck, R. L., Wang, C. C., Oswald, E. S., Ateshian, G. A., Hung, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+cell+seeding+density+and+nutrient+supply+for+articular+cartilage+tissue+engineering+with+deformational+loading.">The role of cell seeding density and nutrient supply for articular cartilage tissue engineering with deformational loading.</a> Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 11, 879-890 (2003).</li><li>Mauck, R. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+tissue+engineering+of+articular+cartilage+through+dynamic+loading+of+chondrocyte-seeded+agarose+gels.">Functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage through dynamic loading of chondrocyte-seeded agarose gels.</a> J. Biomech. Eng. 122, 252-260 (2000).</li><li>Demarteau, O., Jakob, M., Schafer, D., Heberer, M., Martin, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+validation+of+a+bioreactor+for+physical+stimulation+of+engineered+cartilage.">Development and validation of a bioreactor for physical stimulation of engineered cartilage.</a> Biorheology. 40, 331-336 (2003).</li><li>Grad, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+motion+upregulates+superficial+zone+protein+and+hyaluronan+production+in+chondrocyte-seeded+three-dimensional+scaffolds.">Surface motion upregulates superficial zone protein and hyaluronan production in chondrocyte-seeded three-dimensional scaffolds.</a> Tissue Eng. 11, 249-256 (2005).</li><li>Schatti, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+combination+of+shear+and+dynamic+compression+leads+to+mechanically+induced+chondrogenesis+of+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">A combination of shear and dynamic compression leads to mechanically induced chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Eur. Cell Mater. 22, 214-225 (2011).</li></ol>

我们设计了一个装载装置，能够制作用于移植的组织工程构建施加单轴或双轴的机械应变。 在体外培养的工程生物复合材料作为生物反应器，或作为测试设备，该设备可以被用于描述的原生组织或其他治疗方法前，后的机械特性。该设备的主体设计的组织结构双轴机械负荷的负荷剂量（振幅和频率）以极高的精度和应用到各种各样的组织培养条件下，从单一的24孔板。 <p class="jove_content"...

我们设计了一个加载的生物反应器，能够制作用于移植的组织工程生物复合材料进行单轴或双轴的机械应变。这个装置的设计主要作为生物反应器的工程关节软骨的替代，它也可以用于其他的承重在人体内的组织。我们在这个生物反应器设计的动机源于Drachman女士和寇罗夫1，谁做出的开创性观察异常形成的关节软骨由于没有运动瘫痪鸡胚。同样，体育锻炼是必不可少的正常的肌肉和骨骼的发展。符合这个概念，许多研究小组调查了不同的模式的物理刺激，在体外培养细胞生物材料复合生物材料和组织植2-7调制生化和机械性能。功能性组织工程的概念涉及在体外使用的机械刺激，以提高组织的功能特性， 即 ，使组织承受预期在体内的应力和应变8,9的机械性能。许多研究报告使用剪切和压缩机械负荷刺激工程化软骨关节关节结构。莫克等10表明，单独的机械负荷，即使在没有被认为是重要的生长因子诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的软骨形成。间歇性的机械负荷，例如在组织培养过程中的压缩或剪切中的应用已被证明能调节软骨和骨形成，然而，加载不同的最佳剂量测定与细胞和组织的性质11。 关节软骨的最重要的功能是内承受压缩力和剪切力的能力联合，因此它必须有高压缩和剪切模量。新软骨在体内关节软骨替换策略的失败的细分功能的机械强度和生理超微结构的工程化软骨已导致缺乏。尽管压缩和剪切已被广泛证明来调节和改善关节软骨的生物复合材料的机械强度，相结合的方式是罕见6,12-15。 16 Wartella和韦恩设计了一个生物反应器应用拉伸和压缩产生半月板软骨替换。瓦尔德曼15 等人设计了一个移动设备以应用在多孔聚磷酸钙基板的软骨细胞的压缩和剪切。边等 17展示了机械性能匹配的本地成年犬软骨细胞在体外培养凝胶和应用双轴机甲软骨anical加载（压缩变形和滑动触点负载）。 双轴机械负荷生物反应器的最初目的是由达尼埃尔楚在我们的实验室的总体目标，诱导组织工程软骨的形态适应构造导致更高的压缩和剪切模量，比现有的18。我们相信，这项研究将大大增加我们更广泛地了解如何可调制机械传导工程师临床相关组织。

<table border="1">
		<tbody>
		 <tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>REAGENTS</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>DMEM, High glucose, pyruvate</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11995</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Agarose Type II</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CAS 39346-81-1 </td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin Glutamine 100X</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10378-016</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>ITS+ Premix</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354352</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Pen Strep Glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10378-016</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>041-95780</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-2218</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Nonessential Amino Acid Solution 100x</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M-7145</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>L-proline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P-5607</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D-2915</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor &beta;1</td>
			<td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
			<td>240-B-010</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>EQUIPMENT</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Model 31 Load Cell (1000 g)</td>
			<td>Honeywell</td>
			<td>AL311</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Single Channel Display</td>
			<td>Honeywell</td>
			<td>SC500</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>50 mm Linear Encoded Travelmax Stage with Stepper Actuator</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LNR50SE/M</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Two Channel Stepper Motor Controller</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>BSC102</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>50 mm Trapezoidal Stepper Motor Drive (2)</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DRV014</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Adjustable Kinematic Locator (4)</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KL02</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Precision Right Angle Plate</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AP90/M</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Vertical Mounting Bracket</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LNR50P2/M</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Solid Aluminum Breadboard</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>MB3030/M</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Gel Casting System with 1.5 mm and 0.75 mm spacer plates </td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>#1653312 and #1653310 </td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Disposable Biopsy Punch, 5 mm</td>
			<td>Miltex, Inc.</td>
			<td>33-35</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>16 mm hollow punch</td>
			<td>Neiko Tools</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Non-Tissue Culture Treated Plates, 24 Well, Flat Bottom</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>351147</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Ultra-Moisture-Resistant Polysulfone sheet for loading platens</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>86735k19</td>
			<td>Custom-machined</td>
		 </tr>
		</tbody>
 </table>

design of a biaxial mechanical loading bioreactor for tissue engineering

我们设计了一个装载装置，其能够应用到用于移植的组织工程生物复合材料的单轴或双轴的机械应变。而该设备主要作为生物反应器，模仿的固有机械株作用的同时，还配备测力传感器，用于提供力反馈或机械测试的构造。该设备主体工程化软骨的结构，以双轴机械负荷负荷剂量（幅度和频率）非常精确和紧凑，足以容纳一个标准组织培养箱内。它装载样品直接在组织培养板，多个板的大小与系统兼容。该设备已设计使用精确制导激光应用组件制造。双向轴向载荷是由两个正交的阶段来完成。该阶段有50 mm的行程范围内，并独立驱动，由步进电机驱动器，控制一个闭环的步进电机驱动器，具有微步的能力，使步长小于50nm。聚砜加载压板被耦合到双向轴向移动平台的。变动的阶段控制由雷神实验室先进定位技术（APT）软件。步进电机驱动器是用软件来调整负载独立并同时剪切和压缩的频率和振幅参数。具有一个双向为0.1μm的可重复性以及分辨率为20nm，翻译的位置精度小于3μm，在整个50毫米的行程通过线性光学编码器提供位置反馈。这些编码器提供必要的位置反馈信号来驱动电子装置，以确保真正的纳米定位能力。为了提供检测力反馈联系和评估加载响应，精密微型称重传感器之间的位置加载压板舞动克平台。称重传感器具有很高的精度为0.15％，0.25％满量程。

通过使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳后种子用20百万个细胞/毫升的软骨细胞和装置进行了测试在单轴（压缩）或双轴（压缩和剪切）机械性负荷的存在下培养。小学猪软骨细胞中分离出2-4月龄猪关节软骨。 5星毫米直径和1.5毫米厚的样品分别在2毫升定义的软骨细胞培养介质中高葡萄糖DMEM培养基（1％ITS +预混物，100Û单/ ml青霉素，100μg/ ml的链霉素，2 mM的L-谷氨酰胺，2.5微克/毫升的培养两性霉素B，50微克/毫升...

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Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

我们设计了一种新型的机械负荷生物反应器可应用于单轴或双轴机械应变移植到关节软骨缺损的软骨生物复合材料之前。

组织工程生物反应器的双轴机械装载设计

We  designed a loading device that is capable of applying uniaxial or biaxial  mechanical strain to a tissue engineered biocomposites fabricated for  ...

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JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Mechanical Engineering

Bioengineering

Unit 1

Analysis and Design of Beams for Bending

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Engineering Biological-Based Vascular Grafts Using a Pulsatile Bioreactor

基于生物工程，人造血管使用脉动生物反应器

Much effort has been devoted to develop and advance the methodology to regenerate functional small-diameter arterial bypasses. In the physiological ...

科研

生物工程

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

循环压力为生物反应器的设计体外主动脉心脏瓣膜的研究

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, allows for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into the ventricle. Aortic ...

Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering

静电纤维组织工程的后期处理

Electrospinning is a commonly used and versatile method to produce  scaffolds (often biodegradable) for 3D tissue engineering.1, 2, 3 Many tissues in vivo ...

Design and Construction of Artificial Extracellular Matrix (aECM) Proteins from Escherichia coli for Skin Tissue Engineering

Design and Construction of Artificial Extracellular Matrix aECM Proteins from Escherichia coli for Skin Tissue Engineering

设计和人工细胞外基质的构建（AECM）蛋白质<em&gt;大肠杆菌</em&gt;对皮肤组织工程

Recombinant technology is a versatile platform to create novel artificial proteins with tunable properties. For the last decade, many artificial proteins ...

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

在组织工程由内在血管化<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;组织工程商会

In reconstructive surgery, there is a clinical need for an alternative to the current methods of autologous reconstruction which are complex, costly and ...

Recombinant Collagen I Peptide Microcarriers for Cell Expansion and Their Potential Use As Cell Delivery System in a Bioreactor Model

重组胶原蛋白 i. 肽载体在生物反应器中的应用及其作为细胞传递系统的潜力

Tissue engineering is a promising field, focused on developing solutions for the increasing demand on tissues and organs regarding transplantation ...

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

基于琼脂糖组织模拟光学幽灵的漫反射光谱研究

This protocol describes how to make agarose-based tissue-mimicking phantoms and demonstrates how to determine their optical properties using a ...

Biaxial Mechanical Characterizations of Atrioventricular Heart Valves

房室心脏瓣膜的双轴力学特性

Extensive biaxial mechanical testing of the atrioventricular heart valve leaflets can be utilized to derive&#160;optimal parameters used in constitutive ...

3D Bioprinting of Murine Cortical Astrocytes for Engineering Neural-Like Tissue

用于工程神经样组织的小鼠皮质星形胶质细胞的3D生物打印

Astrocytes are glial cells with an essential role in the central nervous system (CNS), including neuronal support and functionality. These cells also ...

Layer Microdissection of Tricuspid Valve Leaflets for Biaxial Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Quantification

The tricuspid valve (TV) regulates the unidirectional flow of unoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The TV consists of three ...