Name: immunohistochemical analysis in the rat central nervous system and peripheral lymph node tissue sections
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections at JoVE.com

We thank Hans Lassmann and Jan Bauer for their guidance and support. We also thank Katalin Benedek for excellent technical assistance and Caroline Westerlund for critical and linguistic appraisal.
This study was supported by grants from Biogen Idec, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Association of Persons with Neurological Disabilities, Swedish Brain Foundation, the EU 6TH Framework EURATools (LSHG-CT-2005-019015) and Neuropromise (LSHM-CT-2005-018637). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

倫理的なステートメント 本研究は、N15 / 10とによって承認されたN65 / 10、、倫理的な許可N338 / 09下の実験動物のためのスウェーデン国家委員会と欧州共同体理事会指令（609分の86 / EEC）のガイドラインに従って行われます北ストックホルムの動物倫理委員会。 1.組織標本<ol><li> 灌流＆固定 <ol><li>左心室を介しtranscardial灌流を行うためにイソ...

<ol>
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N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunohistochemical+demonstration+of+hepatitis+B+core+and+surface+antigens+in+paraffin+sections.">Immunohistochemical demonstration of hepatitis B core and surface antigens in paraffin sections.</a> Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 33, 88-95 (1975).</li><li>Shi, S. R., Cote, R. J., Taylor, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antigen+retrieval+immunohistochemistry:+past,+present,+and+future.">Antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry: past, present, and future.</a> The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. 45, 327-343 (1997).</li><li>Taylor, C. R., Shi, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antigen+retrieval:+call+for+a+return+to+first+principles.">Antigen retrieval: call for a return to first principles.</a> Applied immunohistochemistry &amp; molecular morphology : AIMM / official publication of the Society for Applied Immunohistochemistry. 8, 173-174 (2000).</li><li>Kitamoto, T., Ogomori, K., Tateishi, J., Prusiner, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formic+acid+pretreatment+enhances+immunostaining+of+cerebral+and+systemic+amyloids.">Formic acid pretreatment enhances immunostaining of cerebral and systemic amyloids.</a> Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 57, 230-236 (1987).</li><li>Nelson, P. 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A practical approach to diagnosis. , (2003).</li><li>Straus, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Letter:+Cleavage+of+heme+from+horseradish+peroxidase+by+methanol+with+inhibition+of+enzymic+activity.">Letter: Cleavage of heme from horseradish peroxidase by methanol with inhibition of enzymic activity.</a> The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. 22, 908-911 (1974).</li><li>Streefkerk, J. 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標準的なIHC手順は、多くの場合、一般的に豊富な経験だけでなく、「試行錯誤」アプローチを意味し、最適な結果を得るために、具体的な調整を必要とします。組織標本からターゲットの可視化まで、プロトコルのほぼ各ステップを個別に最終的な結果を改善するために修飾を設計するために行ってもよいです。ここで紹介する二重染色プロトコルは、特に神経炎症の影響を受け、ホルマリ?...

高度なハイスループットの使用にもかかわらずmethylome、トランスクリプトームまたはプロテオームさえレベルで実行解析、免疫染色は、組織試料、細胞培養物又は細胞塗抹標本に直接タンパク質検出のための黄金の標準のままです。局在/分布パターンを明らかにすることによって、免疫組織化学（IHC）は、相対比と標的タンパク質の地形的相互関係を評価し、さらにそれらの生物学的活性を示すことができます。したがって、IHCは広く、診断、治療の評価のために、 例えば 、臨床研究のためなど病気のメカニズム、動物モデルにおける機能と表現型の変化の研究を利用しています基本的に組織学、病理学、生化学および免疫を備え、IHCが大幅に蛍光標識した抗体は感染組織1に肺炎球菌抗原を同定するために初めて使用された1941年以来進めてきました。 VIHCによる細胞製品およびコンポーネントのisualizationは、その特定の抗原（Ag）からに対する抗体（ABS）の結合に基づいています。フルオロフォアタグ付けされた抗体を使用するほかに、免疫反応はまた、ペルオキシダーゼ2,3またはアルカリホスファターゼ4のような酵素を使用して可視化することができます。放射性標識は、オートラジオグラフィーによって可視化しながら、さらに、金コロイドタグ抗体5は 、光と電子顕微鏡の両方により特異的な抗原-抗体相互作用を検出するために使用されます。 Agを抗体の免疫反応は、直接的および間接的な方法によって検出することができます。それは直接標識一次Absの6を使用していますように直接的な方法は、より速く、より簡単な本質的です。しかし、感度の大幅な不足のためには、間接的な方法は、直接のものに好適です。二段階の間接検出手順は、最初のように、非標識一次腹筋を必要とし、第二層7として、主要な腹筋に対して向けられた二腹筋標識。信号増幅は、さらに二次抗体に結合する酵素 - 結合された第三抗体（三段間接法）を含むことによって達成することができます。一般的に使用される間接的な検出方法は、アビジン - ビオチンペルオキシダーゼ抗ペルオキシダーゼ（PAP）です。あるいは、アルカリホスファターゼantialkalineホスファターゼ（APAAP）複合体ではなく、PAP法を用いることができます。特に、アルカリホスファターゼ（AP）メソッドは、免疫ペルオキシダーゼ法4よりもさらに敏感であるように思われます。アビジン - ビオチン複合体（ABC）法は、標識アビジン - ビオチン複合体（LAB）のいずれかとの組み合わせで、ビオチン化二次抗体を使用し、またはストレプトアビジン - ビオチン複合体（SLAB）標識しました。検出感度はさらにペルオキシダーゼまたはアルカリホスファターゼ8で標識したアビジンを含むことによって増大させることができます。使用中の他の検出方法は、ポリマー標識、チラミン増幅および免疫ローリングサークル9です。特に、別の検出方法は、同じ組織内の複数のAgの検出のために組み合わせることができここに提示1978年4。同時二重免疫染色で初めて報告されたサンプルは、それぞれ、ペルオキシダーゼ結合し、AP結合二次抗体を用いて、ホルマリン固定、パラフィン包埋されたラットCNSおよびLN組織切片で行いました。信号は、それぞれ、3,3&#39;- diaminobencidine（DAB）色素原とファーストブルー（FB）APAAP複合体を用いて可視化しました。

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Reagent</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Isoflurane 			(Isofluran): 1-Chlor-2,2,2-trifluorethyl (difluormethyl 			ether) 
 2-Chlor-2-(difluormethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluorethan 			(C3H2ClF5O)</td>
 <td>Baxter</td>
 <td>1001936060</td>
 <td>Eye 			irradiation. Probably influences fertility and damages baby in 			uterus. Administer only in adequately equipped anesthetizing 			environment.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sodiumchloride 			(NaCl)</td>
 <td>Merck</td>
 <td>1.0604</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Phosphate 			Buffer Saline (PBS), tablet</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>P4417</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Paraformaldehyde 			(OH(CH2O)nH (n = 8 - 100), 4% in 1x PBS </td>
 <td>Apl pharma</td>
 <td>34 24 28</td>
 <td>Health 			hazard. Corrosive. Flamable. Acute toxicity.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ethanol 			&ge;99.5%, absolute (CH3CH2OH)</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>459844-1L</td>
 <td>Flamable.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Xylene 			(Xylenes, histological grade; C6H4(CH3)2 </td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>534056</td>
 <td>Flamable. 			Acute toxicity.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Histo-Comp 			Paraffin 			Wax</td>
 <td>Tissue-Tek</td>
 <td>V0-5-1001 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Adhesive 			Microscope Slides</td>
 <td>Starfrost </td>
 <td>MIC-1040-W</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Xylol 			substitute XEM-200 </td>
 <td>Vogel GmbH</td>
 <td>ND-HS-200</td>
 <td>Respiratory 			sensitization. Carcinogenicity.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&alpha;- CD8 			(Ox-8) mouse anti-rat, primary antibody</td>
 <td>AbD 			Serotec</td>
 <td>MCA48G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&alpha;- Iba1 			(AIF1) mouse anti-rat, primary antibody</td>
 <td>Millipore</td>
 <td>MABN92</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&alpha;- CD68 			(ED1) mouse anti-rat, primary antibody</td>
 <td>AbD 			Serotec </td>
 <td>MCA341R</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&alpha;- 			eotaxin C-19 (CCL11) goat anti-rat, primary antibody</td>
 <td>Santa Cruz 			BT</td>
 <td>SC-6181</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Alkaline 			phosphatase (AP)-conjugated secondary antibody</td>
 <td>Dakopatts, 			Denmark</td>
 <td>D0314</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Biotinylated 			secondary antibody</td>
 <td>Amersham 			Biotech</td>
 <td>RPN1025</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Avidin- 			horseradish peroxidase complex (HRP) </td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>A3151</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Naphthol 			AS-MX phosphate (C19H18NO5P)</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>N4875-1G</td>
 <td>Acute 			toxicity.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fast Blue 			RR Salt, Azoic Diazo No. 24 (C15H14ClN3O3 			x 			1/2 ZnCl2)</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>FBS25</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Levamisol 			hydrochloride (C11H13ClN2S)</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>31742</td>
 <td>Acute 			toxicity.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>3,3'-Diaminobenzidine 			tetrahydrochloride (DAB Chromogen)</td>
 <td>DAKO</td>
 <td>S3000 </td>
 <td>Highly 			flammable. Toxic.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Copper 			sulphate (CuSO4)</td>
 <td>Merck</td>
 <td>1.02791</td>
 <td>Acute 			toxicity. Environmental hazzard.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>GelTol 			Aqueous Mounting Medium</td>
 <td>Thermo 			Electron Corporation</td>
 <td>230100</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hydrogen 			peroxide, 30% (H2O2)</td>
 <td>Merck</td>
 <td>107210</td>
 <td>Acute 			toxicity.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Methanol 			(CH3OH)</td>
 <td>Fluka</td>
 <td>65543</td>
 <td>Acute 			toxicity. Respiratory sensitization. Carcinogenicity. Flammable.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Tris 			(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, TRIS base (C4H11NO3 			)</td>
 <td>AppliChem </td>
 <td>A1379</td>
 <td>Skin and 			eye irritation.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Tris 			Buffered Saline (TBS), tablet</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>T5030</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Di- Sodium 			hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na2HPO4 			x 			2H2O)</td>
 <td>Merck</td>
 <td>1.0658</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sodium 			dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (NaH2PO4 			x 			1H2O) </td>
 <td>Merck</td>
 <td>1.06346</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fetal calf 			serum (FCS) </td>
 <td>Cambrex 			BioScience</td>
 <td>DE-14-802F</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DAKO 			cytomation wash buffer 10x </td>
 <td>DAKO </td>
 <td>S3006</td>
 <td>Should be 			stored at 2-8 &deg;C to inhibit bacterial growth. Avoid foaming.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>N,N- 			Dimethylformamide; DMF (C3H7NO)</td>
 <td>Fluka</td>
 <td>40250</td>
 <td>Flammable. 			Acute toxicity.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Glas 			coverslips 24 x 36 mm </td>
 <td>Menzel-Gl&auml;ser</td>
 <td>BB024036A1</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hydrochloric acid, conc. (HCl)</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich </td>
 <td>30721</td>
 <td>Corrosive, 			irritant, permeator. Lung sensitizer (as acid mist). Toxic.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hydrochloric acid solution 			volumetric, 2M HCl (2N) </td>
 <td>Fluka </td>
 <td>71826</td>
 <td>Corrosive, 			irritant, permeator. Lung sensitizer (as acid mist). Toxic.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sodium 			nitrite, ReagentPlus, &ge;99.0% (NaNO2)</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich </td>
 <td>S2252 </td>
 <td>Oxidant. 			Toxic. Dangerous for the environment.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic 			acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA; C10H14N2Na2O8 			x 2H2O)</td>
 <td>Merck</td>
 <td>1.08454</td>
 <td>Oral 			exposures may cause reproductive and developmental effects.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td> Equipment</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Tissue-Tek 			V.I.P 			Vacuum Infiltration Processor </td>
 <td>Sakura</td>
 <td>5902 VIP 			Jr. 115 V, 60 Hz</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hacker-Bright 			8000 Series Base Sledge Microtome </td>
 <td>Hacker 			instruments</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Household 			food steamer </td>
 <td>Braun</td>
 <td>MultiGourmet 			FS 20</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Light 			microscope </td>
 <td>Leica 			Polyvar 2</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>

immunohistochemical analysis in the rat central nervous system and peripheral lymph node tissue sections

免疫組織化学（IHC）は、高度に、特定の信頼性と魅力的なタンパク質の可視化を提供します。 IHCベースの多色標識の正しい性能および解釈は、中枢神経系（CNS）のような高脂肪含有量を有​​する組織中の標的タンパク質との間の相互関係を評価するために利用される場合は特に、困難です。 我々のプロトコルは、特にラットCNSおよび神経炎症によって影響末梢リンパ節（LN）の両方の構造および可溶性タンパク質の検出のために調整し、標準的な免疫標識技術の改良を表します。それにもかかわらず、さらなる改変の有無にかかわらず、我々のプロトコルはそうであってもここで紹介する以外の臓器や種で、他の関連するタンパク質標的の検出のために使用することができます。

二重免疫染色（共染色）は、ホルマリン固定、パラフィン包埋されたラットCNSおよびLN切片で行いました。 3-5ミクロン厚の組織切片は、スレッジミクロトームを用いて切断し、プレコーティングされた接着剤のガラススライド上にマウントされ、その後、以前10,11,12に記載のように処理しました。簡潔には、組織の再水和および内因性のペルオキシダーゼの不...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections at JoVE.com

Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections

We here present an optimized, detailed protocol for double immunostaining in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral lymph node (LN) tissue sections.

ラット中枢神経系および末梢リンパ節の組織切片での免疫組織化学的解析

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides highly specific, reliable and attractive protein visualization. Correct performance and interpretation of an IHC-based ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

齧歯類モデルで中枢神経系の疾患を治療するための全身および局所薬物送達

Thorough preclinical testing of central nervous system (CNS) therapeutics includes a consideration of routes of administration and agent biodistribution ...

Multimodal Imaging of Stem Cell Implantation in the Central Nervous System of Mice

マウスの中枢神経系における幹細胞注入のマルチモーダルイメージング

During the past decade, stem cell transplantation has gained increasing interest as primary or secondary therapeutic modality for a variety of diseases, ...

Production of Lentiviral Vectors for Transducing Cells from the Central Nervous System

中枢神経系から細胞を変換するためのレンチウイルスベクターの生産

Efficient gene delivery in the central nervous system (CNS) is important in studying gene functions, modeling neurological diseases and developing ...

Labeling of Single Cells in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster

Labeling of Single Cells in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster

の中枢神経系における単一細胞のラベリング<em&gt;キイロショウジョウバエ</em

In this  article we describe how to individually label neurons in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila melanogaster by juxtacellular injection of the ...

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila

中枢神経系の修復を調査するために傷害パラダイム<em&gt;ショウジョウバエ</em

An experimental method has been developed to investigate the cellular responses to central nervous system (CNS) injury using the fruit-fly Drosophila. ...

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

齧歯中枢神経系への薬物の直接脳室内デリバリー

Due to an inability to cross the blood brain barrier, certain drugs need to be directly delivered into the central nervous system (CNS). Our lab focuses ...

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

ポリリボソーム画によって中枢神経系Translatomeの生体尋問中

Multiple processes are involved in gene expression including transcription, translation and stability of mRNAs and proteins. Each of these steps are ...

Immunohistochemical and Calcium Imaging Methods in Wholemount Rat Retina

ホールマウントラット網膜における免疫組織化学的およびカルシウムイメージング法

In this paper we describe the tools, reagents, and the practical steps that are needed for: 1) successful preparation of wholemount retinas for ...

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

齧歯類の中枢神経系の生体光遺伝学的刺激

The ability to probe defined neural circuits in awake, freely-moving animals with cell-type specificity, spatial precision, and high temporal resolution ...

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

パッシブCLARITYを使用したマウス中枢神経系の光学クリア

Traditionally, tissue visualization has required that the tissue of interest be serially sectioned and imaged, subjecting each tissue section to unique ...