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Medical University of Vienna

32 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Medicine

Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects
Camillo Sherif *1,2,3, Javier Fandino *2,4, Salome Erhardt 2,4, Antonio di Ieva 5, Monika Killer 6, Guenther Kleinpeter 1, Serge Marbacher 2,4
1Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Rudolfstiftung, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, 3Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 4Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Berne, 5Centre for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Systematic Anatomy, Medical University of Vienna, 6Department of Neurology, Paracelsus University Salzburg

An optimized technique for the microsurgical creation of arterial bifurcation aneurysms mimicking bifurcation human cerebral aneurysms is described. A venous pouch is sutured into an artificially created true bifurcation of both common carotid arteries. Facilitated microsurgical techniques and aggressive postoperative anticoagulation and analgesia lead to minimized morbidity rates and high aneurysm patency rates.

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Neuroscience

Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections
Milena Z. Adzemovic 1,2, Manuel Zeitelhofer 1,3, Marianne Leisser 2, Ulricke Köck 2, Angela Kury 2, Tomas Olsson 1
1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 2Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 3Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vascular Biology Unit, Karolinska Institutet

We here present an optimized, detailed protocol for double immunostaining in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded rat central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral lymph node (LN) tissue sections.

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Behavior

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
Aidan Dominic Roche 1,2, Ivan Vujaklija 3,4, Sebastian Amsüss 3,4, Agnes Sturma 1,5, Peter Göbel 6, Dario Farina 3,4, Oskar C. Aszmann 1,2
1Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function, 2Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 3Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen, 4University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, 5University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, 6Research & Development, Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH

As prosthetic development moves towards the goal of natural control, harnessing amputees’ inherent ability to learn new motor skills may enable proficiency. This manuscript describes a structured rehabilitation protocol, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning strategies, for improved multifunctional prosthetic control.

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Bioengineering

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay
Markus Axmann 1, Gerhard J. Schütz 1, Johannes B. Huppa 2
1Institute for Applied Physics - Biophysics, Vienna University of Technology, 2Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna

This manuscript describes how to conduct (single molecule) Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)- based assays to measure the binding dynamics between T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and antigenic peptide-loaded MHC molecules as they occur within the immunological synapse of a T-cell in contact with a functionalized planar supported lipid bilayer.

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Bioengineering

Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy on Planar Supported Bilayers
Markus Axmann 1, Gerhard J. Schütz 1, Johannes B. Huppa 2
1Institute of Applied Physics - Biophysics, Vienna University of Technology, 2Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Immune Recognition Unit, Medical University of Vienna

Preparation of protein-functionalized planar glass-supported lipid bilayers, determination of protein mobility within and measurement of protein densities is shown here. A roadmap to building a noise-reduced Total Internal Reflection microscope is outlined, which allows visualizing single bilayer-resident fluorochromes with high spatiotemporal resolution.

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Biology

A Rapid Automated Protocol for Muscle Fiber Population Analysis in Rat Muscle Cross Sections Using Myosin Heavy Chain Immunohistochemistry
Konstantin D. Bergmeister 1,3, Marion Gröger 2, Martin Aman 1, Anna Willensdorfer 1, Krisztina Manzano-Szalai 1, Stefan Salminger 1, Oskar C. Aszmann 1
1CD Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 2Core Facility Imaging, Core Facilities, Medical University Vienna, 3Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg

Here, we present a protocol for rapid muscle fiber analyses, which allows improved staining quality, and thereby automatic acquisition and quantification of fiber populations using the freely available software ImageJ.

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JoVE Journal

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research
Lukas D. Landegger 1,2,3, Sonam Dilwali 1,4, Konstantina M. Stankovic 1,2,4
1Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 2Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 3Department of Otolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 4Harvard Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the preparation, culture, treatment, and immunostaining of neonatal murine cochlear explants. The technique can be utilized as an in vitro screening tool in hearing research.

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Cancer Research

A Unified Methodological Framework for Vestibular Schwannoma Research
Lukas D. Landegger *1,2,3, Jessica E. Sagers *1,4, Sonam Dilwali 1,4, Takeshi Fujita 1,2, Mehmet I. Sahin 1,2, Konstantina M. Stankovic 1,2,4
1Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 2Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 3Department of Otolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 4Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School

The goal of this protocol is to outline the collection and processing of human surgical samples for multiple downstream applications in vestibular schwannoma and Schwann cell research.

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Developmental Biology

High-resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) - Simple and Robust Protocols for Processing and Visualizing Organic Materials
Stefan H. Geyer 1, Barbara Maurer-Gesek 1, Lukas F. Reissig 1, Wolfgang J. Weninger 1
1Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology & MIC, Medical University of Vienna

We provide simple and robust protocols for processing biopsy material of various species, embryos of biomedical model organisms and samples of other organic tissues in order to permit digital volume data generation with the high-resolution episcopic microscopy method.

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Medicine

Contractility Measurements of Human Uterine Smooth Muscle to Aid Drug Development
Sarah Arrowsmith *1, Peter Keov 2, Markus Muttenthaler 3,4, Christian W. Gruber *2,5
1Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Research Centre, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, 2School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, 3Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, 4Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, 5Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna

This article describes experimental protocols to study ex vivo contractions of human myometrium and their application in drug discovery. This technique is used to improve the understanding of myometrial physiology and pathophysiology as well as to validate pharmacological data from novel research probes or drug leads.

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JoVE Journal

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
Csörsz Nagy 1, Elisa Einwallner 1
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna

The current article describes the generation and metabolic characterization of high-fat diet-fed mice as a model of diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity. It further features detailed protocols to perform the oral glucose tolerance test and the insulin tolerance test, monitoring whole-body alterations of glucose metabolism in vivo.

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Medicine

Cochlear Implantation in the Guinea Pig
Clemens Honeder *1, Navid Ahmadi *1, Anne-Margarethe Kramer 2, Chengjing Zhu 1, Nodir Saidov 1, Christoph Arnoldner 1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 2Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna

The goal of this protocol is to provide an animal model of cochlear implantation, which can be used to address a multitude of research questions. Potential applications include the evaluation of pharmaceutical interventions or electrical stimulation for beneficial effects on hearing thresholds or electrode impedances.

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Medicine

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
Philipp Königshofer 1,2, Ksenia Brusilovskaya 1,2, Philipp Schwabl 1,2, Bruno K. Podesser 3, Michael Trauner 1, Thomas Reiberger 1,2
1Div. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3Center of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Here we describe a detailed protocol for invasive measurements of hemodynamic parameters including portal pressure, splanchnic blood flow, and systemic hemodynamics in order to characterize the portal hypertensive syndrome in rats.

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Neuroscience

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
Muammer Üçal *1, Michaela Tanja Haindl *2, Milena Z. Adzemovic 3, Manuel Zeitelhofer 4, Ute Schaefer 1, Franz Fazekas 2, Sonja Hochmeister 2
1Research Unit of Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, 2Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, 3Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 4Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet

The protocol presented here allows the reproduction of a widespread grey matter demyelination of both cortical hemispheres in adult male Dark Agouti rats. The method comprises of intracerebral implantation of a catheter, subclinical immunization against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and intracerebral injection of a pro-inflammatory cytokine mixture through the implanted catheter.

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Bioengineering

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
Carina Kampleitner 1, Jessika Obi 2, Nicola Vassilev 2, Michelle M. Epstein 2, Oskar Hoffmann 1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 2Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna

The number of novel biomaterials engineered for repairing large bone lesions is continuously expanding with the aim to enhance bone healing and overcome the complications associated with bone transplantation. Here, we present a multidisciplinary strategy for pre-clinical biocompatibility testing of biomaterials for bone repair.

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Cancer Research

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression
Herwig P. Moll 1, Julian Mohrherr 2, Kristina Breitenecker 2, Marcel Haber 2, Viktor Voronin 2, Emilio Casanova 1,2
1Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 2Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR)

Here we describe a minimally invasive syngeneic orthotopic transplantation model of mouse lung adenocarcinoma cells as a time- and cost-reducing model to study non-small cell lung cancer.

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Medicine

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
Thomas Reiberger 1,2, Philipp Schwabl 1,2, Michael Trauner 1,2, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic 2,3, Mattias Mandorfer 1,2
1Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 2Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Medical University of Vienna, 3Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology (IMuG), Klinikum Klagenfurt am Woerthersee

Here, we present a protocol for measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG),the gold standard to diagnose clinically significant portal hypertension. Moreover, we describe how to perform a transjugular liver biopsy within the same session.

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JoVE Core

Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
Ana Korosec *1, Sophie Frech *1, Beate M. Lichtenberger 1
1Skin, Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna

This manuscript describes a FACS-based protocol for isolation of papillary and reticular fibroblasts from human skin. It circumvents in vitro culture which was inevitable with the commonly used isolation protocol via explant cultures. The emanating fibroblast subsets are functionally distinct and display differential gene expression and localization within the dermis.

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Chemistry

Technical Aspect of the Automated Synthesis and Real-Time Kinetic Evaluation of [11C]SNAP-7941
Chrysoula Vraka 1, Verena Pichler 1, Sarah Pfaff 1, Theresa Balber 1,2, Marcus Hacker 1, Markus Mitterhauser 1,3, Wolfgang Wadsak 1,4, Cecile Philippe 1
1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 2Department for Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 3Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, 4CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine

Here, we represent a protocol for the fully automated radiolabelling of [11C]SNAP-7941 and the analysis of the real-time kinetics of this PET-tracer on P-gp expressing and non-expressing cells.

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Neuroscience

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
Laura A. Hruby 1,2, Agnes Sturma 1,3, Oskar C. Aszmann 1,4
1Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Medical University of Vienna, 2Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 3Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, 4Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna

Optimal functional outcomes after bionic reconstruction in patients with global brachial plexus injury depend on a structured rehabilitation protocol. Surface electromyographic guided training may improve the amplitude, separation and consistency of EMG signals, which - after elective amputation of a functionless hand - control and drive a prosthetic hand.

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Medicine

Structured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers
Agnes Sturma 1,2,3, Laura A. Hruby 1,4, Dario Farina 2, Oskar C. Aszmann 1,5
1Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Medical University of Vienna, 2Bioengineering Department, Imperial College London, 3Master's Degree Program Health Assisting Engineering, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, 4Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 5Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna

Here, we present a protocol for the motor rehabilitation of patients with severe nerve injuries and selective nerve transfer surgery. It aims at restoring the motor function proposing several stages in patient education, early-stage therapy after surgery and interventions for rehabilitation after successful re-innervation of the nerve’s target.

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Cancer Research

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
Maximilian Marhold 1, Andreas Heinzel 2, Almas Merchant 1, Paul Perco 3, Michael Krainer 1
1Department of Internal Medicine I - Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 2Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Vienna, 3Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University Innsbruck

Large genetic screens in model organisms have led to the identification of negative genetic interactions. Here, we describe a data integration workflow using data from genetic screens in model organisms to delineate drug combinations targeting synthetic lethal interactions in cancer.

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Medicine

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System
Patrick M. Pilz 1, Miriam Lang 1, Ouafa Hamza 1, Petra L. Szabo 1, Milat Inci 1, Anne M. Kramer 1, Michael Koch 2, Johann Huber 3, Bruno K. Podesser 1, Attila Kiss 1
1Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 2Concept & Ideation, Electrical Sector/EMEA/Power Distribution Division, Eaton Industries (Austria) GmbH, 3Vetfarm and Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Clinic for Ruminants, Vetmeduni Vienna

This article presents an efficient method to perform myocardial ischemia and subsequent chronic reperfusion in rats using a minimally invasive approach. In addition, left ventricular hemodynamic function of rats is assessed by echocardiography and isolated working heart methods. 

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Biochemistry

An Electrochemiluminescence-Based Assay for MeCP2 Protein Variants
Hannes Steinkellner 1, Alexander V. Beribisky 1, Philip Mausberg 1, John Christodoulou 2, Barbara Scheiber-Mojdehkar 3, Anna Huber 1, Victoria Sarne 1, Franco Laccone 1
1Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), 2Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, 3Department of Medical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical University of Vienna

The electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) is a novel approach for quantitative detection of endogenous and exogenously applied MeCP2 protein variants, which produces highly quantitative, accurate and reproducible measurements with low intra- and inter-assay error over a wide working range. Here, the protocol for the MeCP2-ECLIA in a 96-well format is described.

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Engineering

Evaluating Usability Aspects of a Mixed Reality Solution for Immersive Analytics in Industry 4.0 Scenarios
Burkhard Hoppenstedt 1, Thomas Probst 2, Manfred Reichert 1, Winfried Schlee 3, Klaus Kammerer 1, Myra Spiliopoulou 4, Johannes Schobel 1, Michael Winter 1, Anna Felnhofer 5, Oswald D. Kothgassner 6, Rüdiger Pryss 7
1Institute of Databases and Information Systems, Ulm University, 2Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 4Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 5Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 7Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg

This protocol delineates the technical setting of a developed mixed reality application that is used for immersive analytics. Based on this, measures are presented, which were used in a study to gain insights into usability aspects of the developed technical solution.

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Medicine

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Ganesh Gajanan 1, Emmanouil S. Brilakis 2, Jolanta M. Siller-Matula 3,4,5, Ronald L. Zolty 1, Poonam Velagapudi 1
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 2Minneapolis Heart Institute, 3Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 4Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, 5Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna

We describe the steps for the percutaneous implantation of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), a mechanical circulatory support device. It acts by counterpulsation, inflating at the onset of diastole, augmenting diastolic aortic pressure and improving coronary blood flow and systemic perfusion, and deflating before systole, reducing left ventricular afterload.

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Biology

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Calcium Dynamics in Acute Mouse Pancreatic Tissue Slices
Andraž Stožer 1, Jurij Dolenšek 1,2, Lidija Križančić Bombek 1, Viljem Pohorec 1, Marjan Slak Rupnik 1,3, Maša Skelin Klemen 1
1Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 3Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna

We present the preparation of acute pancreatic tissue slices and their use in confocal laser scanning microscopy to study calcium dynamics simultaneously in a large number of live cells, over long time periods, and with high spatiotemporal resolution.

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JoVE Core

Therapy Interventions for Upper Limb Amputees Undergoing Selective Nerve Transfers
Agnes Sturma 1,2, Laura A. Hruby 1,3, Anna Boesendorfer 1, Clemens Gstoettner 1, Dario Farina 2, Oskar C. Aszmann 1,4
1Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Medical University of Vienna, 2Bioengineering Department, Imperial College London, 3Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 4Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna

This work presents a protocol to enhance prosthetic function after selective nerve transfer surgery. Rehabilitation interventions include patient information and selection, support of wound healing, cortical re-activation of sensory-motor areas of the upper limb, training of selective muscle activation, prosthetic handling in daily life, and regular follow-up assessments.

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Developmental Biology

Rapid Isolation of Single Cells from Mouse and Human Teeth
Jan Krivanek 1, Josef Lavicky 1, Thibault Bouderlique 2, Igor Adameyko 2,3
1Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 2Department of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute

The current protocol presents a fast, efficient, and gentle method for isolating single cells suitable for single-cell RNA-seq analysis from a continuously growing mouse incisor, mouse molar, and human teeth.

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Bioengineering

Automated Two-dimensional Spatiotemporal Analysis of Mobile Single-molecule FRET Probes
Lukas Schrangl 1, Janett Göhring 2, Florian Kellner 2, Johannes B. Huppa 2, Gerhard J. Schütz 1
1Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, 2Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna

This article presents a method for spatiotemporal analysis of mobile, single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET)-based probes using widefield fluorescence microscopy. The newly developed software toolkit allows the determination of smFRET time traces of moving probes, including the correct FRET efficiency and the molecular positions, as functions of time.

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Bioengineering

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
Irene Maier 1,2
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 2Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna

The present protocol describes new tools for SPR binding assays to examine CV-N binding to HA, S glycoprotein, related hybrid-type glycans, and high-mannose oligosaccharides. SPR is used to determine the KD for binding either dimeric or monomeric CV-N to these glycans.

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Neuroscience

Microsurgical Creation of Giant Bifurcation Aneurysms in Rabbits for the Evaluation of Endovascular Devices
Branko Popadic 1,2,3, Florian Scheichel 1,2,3, Cornelia Pangratz-Daller 1,2,3, Roberto Plasenzotti 4, Camillo Sherif 1,2,3
1Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital St. Pölten, 3Cerebrovascular Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital St. Pölten, 4Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna

Here, we describe the technique for the microsurgical creation of giant bifurcation aneurysms in rabbits for the evaluation of endovascular devices.

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