Name: preparation of zno nanorod/graphene/zno nanorod epitaxial double heterostructure for piezoelectrical nanogenerator by using preheating hydrothermal
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal at JoVE.co

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No.2014R1A2A1A11051146). This work was also supported by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2014R1A1A2058350).

1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Growth of Single Layered Graphene
Note: The graphene used in this study was grown on copper (Cu) foil using the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique (Figure 1A). Growth is uniform over an area of 2 cm x 10 cm for this system.
<ol>
	<li>Wash the Cu foil (2 cm x 10 cm) with mild flow of acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and distilled water, respectively.</li>
	<li>Place the cleaned Cu foil in a 2 in. quartz tube (Figure 1B...

<ol>
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Please note that the high quality (&#62;99.8%, annealed) of Cu foil should be considered as a substrate for successful growth of single layer graphene. Otherwise, the single layer graphene is not uniformly grown over the Cu foil, leading to dramatically decrease in conductivity of graphene. A 1 hr annealing at high temperature would help the improvement of the Cu foil crystallinity as well as removal of any contaminants from the Cu foil.
The growth of ZnO nanorod depends on the conditions for ...

Recently, the portable and wearable electronics devices became an essential element for a comfortable life owing to the nanotechnology development, which results in the tremendous demands for a power source in the range of microwatt to milliwatt. Considerable approaches for the power source of portable and wearable devices have been achieved by the renewable energy, including solar energy 1,2, thermal 3,4 and mechanical source 5,6. Piezoelectric nanogenerator have been intensively studied as one of possible candidate for energy harvesting device from environments, such as rustling the leaf 7, sound wave 8 and movement of human being 9. The primary principle underlying the nanogenerator is the coupling between the piezoelectric potential and dielectric material as a barrier. The piezoelectric potential generated in strained material induces the transient current that flows through the external circuit, which balances the potential at the interface between piezoelectric and dielectric material. The performance of nanogenerator would be improved by using nanostructure of piezoelectric material due to robustness under robustness under high stress and responsiveness to tiny deformation 10.
One-dimensional zinc oxide nanostructure is a promising component for piezoelectric materials in nanogenerator due to its attractive properties, e.g., its high piezoelectricity (26.7 pm/V) 11, optical transparency 12, and facile synthesis by using chemical process 13. Hydrothermal approach for growing the well aligned ZnO nanorod receives a great attention due to low cost, environmental friendly synthesis and potential for easy scaling up. Moreover, the preheating hydrothermal technique is easily controllable in experimental condition, resulting in many kinds of novel nanostructures, such as nanoleaves 14, nanoflowers 15 and nanotubes 16. The novel nanostructures enable a beneficial effect on performance of the electric and optoelectric devices wherever the high specific surface area of material is demanded.
In this protocol, we describe the experimental procedures for synthesis of more novel nanostructure (i.e., freestanding double heterostructure). The growth of ZnO nanorod at interface between graphene and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate leads to the self-elevating the ZnO nanorod/graphene single heterostructure, yielding the freestanding double heterostructure. Furthermore, the feasible application of this unique nanostructure for electronic and optoelectric devices is demonstrated by fabricating a piezoelectric nanogenerator. Freestanding double heterostructure provides not only a high specific surface area but also a high number density of nanorod in a given area. This unique nanostructure has a tremendous potential for applications of electrical and optoelectrical devices, such as pressure sensor, immuno-biosensor and dye-sensitized solar cells.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="573">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cu foil</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">13382</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">182230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">zinc nitrate hexahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">228732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">hexamethylenetetramine (HMT)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">398160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">polyethylenimine (PEI)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">408719</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">indium tin oxide (ITO) coated PET</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">639303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Silicone Elastomer Kit</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Sylgard 184 a, b</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Nickel Etchant Type1</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Transene Company</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">41212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of zno nanorod/graphene/zno nanorod epitaxial double heterostructure for piezoelectrical nanogenerator by using preheating hydrothermal

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we describe a one-step fabrication technique to synthesis freestanding ZnO nanorod/graphene/ZnO nanorod double heterostructure. The preparation of the double heterostructure is performed by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and preheating hydrothermal technique. In addition, the morphological properties were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The utility of freestanding double heterostructure is demonstrated by fabricating the piezoelectric nanogenerator. The electrical output is improved up to 200% compared to that of a single heterostructure owing to the coupling effect of the piezoelectricity between the arrays of ZnO nanorods on the top and bottom of graphene. This unique double heterostructure have a tremendous potential for applications of electrical and optoelectrical devices where the high number density and specific surface area of nanorod are needed, such as pressure sensor, immuno-biosensor and dye-sensitized solar cells.

The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images shown in Figure 6 present the morphologies of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods. The preheating hydrothermal technique can result in two different nanostructures depending on the growth time. Figure 6A shows a typical image of ZnO nanorod on graphene/PET substrate at the growth time of 5 hr. In contrast, the image shown in Figure 6B indicates that the growth of ZnO nanorod at the growth time o...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal at JoVE.co

Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal

One-step fabrication method for obtaining freestanding epitaxial double heterostructure is presented. This approach could achieve ZnO coverage with a higher number density than that of the epitaxial single heterostructure, leading to a piezoelectric nanogenerator with an increased output electrical performance.

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we ...

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