Name: reproducible motor deficit following aortic occlusion in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia
Uploaded: 2017-07-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia at JoVE.com

The authors have no acknowledgements.

This protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Animal care and experiments were conducted according to the United States National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
1. Surgical Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prior to surgery, flush the catheters with sterile saline to ensure patency.</li>
	<li>Put a heating blanket on the operating table, and cover the table with a sterile drape.</li>
	<l...

<ol>
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In the current study, we demonstrated a rat model of spinal cord ischemia based on Taira and Marsala&#39;s method5 that induces variable degrees of motor deficit in the hind limb depending on the aortic occlusion time.
The length of aortic occlusion can affect the degree of motor deficit. If the aortic occlusion time is longer, the motor deficit becomes more severe. Thus, researchers can achieve a certain degree of motor deficit by controlling the aortic occlusion time ...

Paraplegia is a fatal complication of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. It results from spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury that occurs during cross-clamping and unclamping of the aorta.1 Several strategies including systemic hypothermia and cerebrospinal drainage have been introduced to protect the spinal cord,2,3,4 but many patients remain affected by the injury.
Several animal spinal cord ischemia models have been introduced to investigate its pathogenesis and devise protective strategies against the injury. In the current study, we outline a rat model of spinal cord ischemia based on Taira and Marsala&#39;s method.5 The spinal circulation system in rats is very similar to the spinal cord vascular and collateral system in humans, although there are some differences in the size and location.6,7 Thus, a rat is an anatomically suitable animal to utilize for an experimental model investigating the pathogenesis, complications, and treatment of spinal cord ischemia. Moreover, this spinal cord ischemia model produces reliable aortic occlusion with minimal intervention by utilizing an intravascular balloon occlusion of the thoracic aorta.
In this study, we demonstrated that this rat model of spinal cord ischemia induces reproducible motor deficits in the hind limbs that vary in severity depending on the aortic occlusion time.

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:269px;">BD Insyte-N Autoguard Shielded IV catheter&#160;</td>
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			<td>24-gauge intravenous catheter</td>
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			<td>Facial mask</td>
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			<td>Rectal probe for temperature monitoring</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro dissecting spring scissor</td>
			<td>Jeung do bio &#38; Plant co.LTD.</td>
			<td>JD-S-10</td>
			<td>Micro-scissor</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SCISSOR (SHARP-SHARP)</td>
			<td>Jeung do bio &#38; Plant co.LTD.</td>
			<td>S-51-12-S</td>
			<td>Scissors</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Retractor</td>
			<td>Jeung do bio &#38; Plant co.LTD.</td>
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			<td>Retractor</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro forcep&#160;</td>
			<td>Jeung do bio &#38; Plant co.LTD.</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">MOSQUITO FORCEP (Curved)</td>
			<td>Jeung do bio &#38; Plant co.LTD.</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DRESSING FORCEP&#160;</td>
			<td>Jeung do bio &#38; Plant co.LTD.</td>
			<td>S-37-16S</td>
			<td>Blunted forceps</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4/0 black silk&#160;</td>
			<td>Woori Medical</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">S431</td>
			<td>4.0 black silk suture</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-WAY STOCK</td>
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			<td>PHILIPS</td>
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			<td>The arterial pressure monitoring device.&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heating blanket</td>
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			<td>Heating blanket</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microtube and external reservoir</td>
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			<td>Microtube and external reservoir</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin</td>
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			<td>Heparin</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.9% NS 1000ml</td>
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			<td>Normal saline</td>
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			<td>Isoflurane</td>
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reproducible motor deficit following aortic occlusion in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia

Spinal cord ischemia is a fatal complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Researchers can investigate the strategies for preventing and treating this complication using experimental models of spinal cord ischemia. The model described here demonstrates varying degrees of paraplegia that relate to the length of occlusion following thoracic aortic occlusion in a rat spinal cord ischemia model.
A 2-Fr. balloon-tipped catheter was advanced through the femoral artery into the descending thoracic aorta until the catheter tip was placed at the left subclavian artery in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by inflating the catheter balloon. After a set period of occlusion (9, 10, or 11 min), the balloon was deflated. Neurologic assessment was performed using the motor deficit index at 24 h after surgery, and the spinal cord was harvested for histopathological examination.
Rats that underwent 9 min of aortic occlusion showed mild and reversible motor impairment in the hind limb. Rats subjected to 10 min of aortic occlusion presented with moderate but reversible motor impairment. Rats subjected to 11 min of aortic occlusion displayed complete and persistent paralysis. The motor neurons in the spinal cord sections were more preserved in rats subjected to shorter duration of aortic occlusion.
Researchers can achieve a reproducible hind limb motor deficit following thoracic aortic occlusion using this spinal cord ischemia model.

During a period of spinal cord ischemia, aortic occlusion was performed for 9 min (n=3), 10 min (n=3), or 11 min (n=3). The motor deficit index in rats is presented in Table 2. Rats that underwent 9 min of aortic occlusion showed a mild and reversible motor impairment in the hind-limb. Rats subjected to 10 min of aortic occlusion presented with moderate motor deficit, but not complete paralysis. Rats that underwent 11 min of occlusion time displayed complete and persistent paralysis.
Represent...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia at JoVE.com

Reproducible Motor Deficit Following Aortic Occlusion in a Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia

This study demonstrates the technique to make a minimally invasive and easily reproducible model of spinal cord ischemia in rats. Various degrees of hind limb motor deficit can be produced by controlling the aortic occlusion time.

Spinal cord ischemia is a fatal complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Researchers can investigate the strategies for preventing ...

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