Name: expansion and adipogenesis induction of adipocyte progenitors from perivascular adipose tissue isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting
Uploaded: 2017-06-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting at JoVE.com

The Contreras and Watts Laboratories and Dr. William Raphael. These experiments were supported by NHLBI F31 HL128035-01 (tissue digestion protocol standardization), NHLBI 5R01HL117847-02 and 2P01HL070687-11A1 (animals), and NHLBI 5R01HL117847-02 (cell isolation and culture).

All procedures described in this paper follow guidelines established by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Michigan State University. All buffers and medias should be protected from light.
1. Preparation of Buffers, Media, and Instruments
<ol>
	<li>Prepare Krebs Ringer Bicarbonate-Buffered solution (KRBB): 135 mM sodium chloride, 5 mM potassium chloride, 1 mM magnesium sulfate, 0.4 mM potassium phosphate dibasic, 5.5 mM glucose, 1% antibiotic/antimycotic (10,000 units...

<ol>
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The central focus of the present experiment is the isolation, expansion, and adipogenic induction of APC from PVAT depots. Here we present a protocol for the isolation of APC based on the identification of cells expressing the surface markers CD34 and PDGFR&#945;. These surface proteins were previously identified on APC with high proliferation rates and the potential to differentiate into white or brown adipocytes in various adipose depots14,15. By selecting cell...

Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT), due to its close proximity to blood vessels, is a major paracrine signaling component in vasculature function1. Expansion of this adipose tissue is dependent on the phenotype of the Adipocyte Progenitor Cells (APC) present2,3. Isolation of cells from adipose tissues is difficult as primary adipocytes are fragile, buoyant, and range in size. Certain isolation techniques can also alter cell phenotype and morphology by increasing inflammatory protein synthesis and reducing adipogenic gene expression4, emphasizing the importance of a protocol that maintains the integrity of the cells.
Culture of primary cells and specific preadipocyte subpopulations gives a reductionist approach to in vivo growth and maintains equivalent cellular genetic makeup5, although working time with these cells is limited due to deterioration with aging, or senescence6. Preadipocytes from various adipose depots, including subcutaneous and omental depots, also demonstrate differences in proliferation7, which emphasizes the importance of collecting cells from specific anatomical sites. Precursor cells from non-PVAT white adipose depots have been characterized in previous studies7,8,9, but less is known about PVAT APC phenotypes.
The techniques described here allow for the analysis of specific and defined APC populations with minimal impact on their morphology, viability, and potential to proliferate and differentiate. Magnetic-activated Cell Sorting (MCS) is amenable to downstream applications, such as culture, as the beads dissolve without altering the cell. MCS is also economical, and once the antibody concentrations have been standardized, the need for flow cytometry assays is minimal. In vitro studies with PVAT precursors can also give a glimpse of the potential that these primary cells may have.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="757">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:325px;">Tissue Dissection</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td style="width:156px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dissecting Dishes</td>
			<td>Handmade with Silicone</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Culture Petri Dish</td>
			<td>Pyrex</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>7740 Glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Silicone Elastomer</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>Sylgard 170</td>
			<td>Kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Braided Silk Suture</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>51-7615</td>
			<td>SP104</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Stereomicroscope MZ6</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>10447254</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Stereomaster Microscope Fiber-Optic Light Source</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12562-36</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Vannas Scissors</td>
			<td>George Tiemann &#38; Co</td>
			<td>160-150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Splinter Forceps</td>
			<td>George Tiemann &#38; Co</td>
			<td>160-55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tissue Scissors</td>
			<td>George Tiemann &#38; Co</td>
			<td>105-400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">KRBB Solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Magnesium Sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7487-88-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Potassium Phosphate Dibasic</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7758-114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>50-99-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Antibiotic/Antimicotic</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>30-004-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>25-060-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tissue Digestion</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Collagenase Type 1</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical</td>
			<td>LS004196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>9048-46-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>420301</td>
			<td>1X Working Solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Water Bath</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>2876</td>
			<td>Reciprocal Shaking Bath</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Biosafety Cabinet</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1385</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rotisserie Incubator</td>
			<td>Daigger</td>
			<td>EF4894C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">100 &#181;m Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-363-549</td>
			<td>Yellow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">40 &#181;m Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-363-547</td>
			<td>Blue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>UX-79001-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>93595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cell Isolation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">OctoMACS Kit</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td>130-042-108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">(DMEM):F12 Medium</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>90-090</td>
			<td>Medium Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>35016CV</td>
			<td>USA Origins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Normal Donkey Serum</td>
			<td>AbCam</td>
			<td>AB7475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Anti-CD34</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC-7324</td>
			<td>FITC conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Anti-PDGFR&#945;</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PA5-17623</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>712-007-003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PBS 10X</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>46-013-CM</td>
			<td>1X Working Solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EDTA</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15575020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cell Culture</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CO2 Cell Incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>51030285</td>
			<td>Heracell 160i&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">6-Well Plates</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3516</td>
			<td>TC-Treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">48- Well Plates</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3548</td>
			<td>TC-Treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">96-Well Plates, Black Wall</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>353376</td>
			<td>TC-Treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium Bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>144-55-8</td>
			<td>TC-Treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fetal Calf Serum</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>35011CV</td>
			<td>USA Origins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Biotin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>58-85-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pantothenate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>137-08-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>61-030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Bone Morphogenic Protein 4</td>
			<td>Prospec Bio</td>
			<td>CYT-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Epidermal Growth Factor</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>400-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Leukemia Inhibitory Factor</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>250-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Platelet-derived Growth Factor BB</td>
			<td>Prospec Bio</td>
			<td>CYT-740</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>450-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Insulin</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>25-800-CR</td>
			<td>ITS Solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">IBMX</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>28822-58-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>50-02-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">T3 (Triiodothyronine)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>6893-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cell Analysis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CyQUANT Proliferation Assay</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C7026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">AdipoRed Fluorescence Assay Reagent</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>PT-7009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Oil Red O Lipid Dye Reagent</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>O1391</td>
			<td>In Solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">M1000 Microplate Reader</td>
			<td>Tecan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Eclipse Inverted Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Digital Sight DS-Qil Camera</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

expansion and adipogenesis induction of adipocyte progenitors from perivascular adipose tissue isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting

Expansion of Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT), a major regulator of vascular function through paracrine signaling, is directly related to the development of hypertension during obesity. The extent of hypertrophy and hyperplasia depends on depot location, sex, and the type of Adipocyte Progenitor Cell (APC) phenotypes present. Techniques used for APC and preadipocytes isolation in the last 10 years have drastically improved the accuracy at which individual cells can be identified based on specific cell surface markers. However, isolation of APC and adipocytes can be a challenge due to the fragility of the cell, especially if the intact cell must be retained for cell culture applications.
Magnetic-activated Cell Sorting (MCS) provides a method of isolating greater number of viable APC per weight unit of adipose tissue. APC harvested by MCS can be used for in vitro protocols to expand preadipocytes and differentiate them into adipocytes through use of growth factor cocktails allowing for analysis of the prolific and adipogenic potential retained by the cells. This experiment focused on the aortic and mesenteric PVAT depots, which play key roles in the development of cardiovascular disease during expansion. These protocols describe methods to isolate, expand, and differentiate a defined population of APC. This MCS protocol allows isolation to be used in any experiment where cell sorting is needed with minimal equipment or training. These techniques can aid further experiments to determine the functionality of specific cell populations based on the presence of cell surface markers.

Proliferative capacity of preadipocytes and adipogenic potential of adipocyte precursors are characteristics that are maintained in vitro11. In vitro proliferation of isolated SVF and APC from aPVAT, mPVAT, and GON of male rats was evaluated at 8, 24, 48, and 96 h after plating using a quantitative DNA assay. No site differences in SVF expansion rate were observed at any time point except for the APC from aPVAT, which had less proliferation by 96 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting at JoVE.com

Expansion and Adipogenesis Induction of Adipocyte Progenitors from Perivascular Adipose Tissue Isolated by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

Here we report a method for isolation of Adipocyte Progenitor Cell (APC) populations from Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) using Magnetic-activated Cell Sorting (MCS). This method allows for an increased isolation of APC per gram of adipose tissue when compared to Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS).

Expansion of Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT), a major regulator of vascular function through paracrine signaling, is directly related to the ...

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JoVE Journal

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Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Neural Crest Original Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Periaortic Adipose Tissue

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