Name: improved registration of 3d ct angiography with x-ray fluoroscopy for image fusion during transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Uploaded: 2018-06-03T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank the Ulm University Center for Translational Imaging MoMAN for its support.

The study protocol is in compliance with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki as reflected in a priori approval by the institution&#39;s ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study (CSI-Ulm, clinicaltrials.gov NCT02162069).
1. CT Examination
<ol>
	<li>Perform cardiac CT angiography with retrospective ECG-gating using 80 mL of iodinated contrast media injected at a flow rate of 4.0 mL/s followed ...

<ol>
	<li>S&#225;nchez, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Navigational+Guidance+and+Ablation+Planning+Tools+for+Interventional+Radiology.">Navigational Guidance and Ablation Planning Tools for Interventional Radiology.</a> Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology. 32 (2), 225-233 (2017).</li><li>Schwein, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility+of+three-dimensional+magnetic+resonance+angiography-fluoroscopy+image+fusion+technique+in+guiding+complex+endovascular+aortic+procedures+in+patients+with+renal+insufficiency.">Feasibility of three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography-fluoroscopy image fusion technique in guiding complex endovascular aortic procedures in patients with renal insufficiency.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 65 (5), 1440-1452 (2017).</li><li>Ierardi, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fusion+of+CT+Angiography+or+MR+Angiography+with+Unenhanced+CBCT+and+Fluoroscopy+Guidance+in+Endovascular+Treatments+of+Aorto-Iliac+Steno-Occlusion:+Technical+Note+on+a+Preliminary+Experience.">Fusion of CT Angiography or MR Angiography with Unenhanced CBCT and Fluoroscopy Guidance in Endovascular Treatments of Aorto-Iliac Steno-Occlusion: Technical Note on a Preliminary Experience.</a> CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. 39 (1), 111-116 (2015).</li><li>Sailer, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CTA+with+Fluoroscopy+Image+Fusion+Guidance+in+Endovascular+Complex+Aortic+Aneurysm+Repair.">CTA with Fluoroscopy Image Fusion Guidance in Endovascular Complex Aortic Aneurysm Repair.</a> European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 47 (4), 349-356 (2014).</li><li>McNally, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three+Dimensional+Fusion+CT+Decreases+Radiation+Exposure,+Procedure+Time+and+Contrast+Use+during+Fenestrated+Endovascular+Aortic+Repair.">Three Dimensional Fusion CT Decreases Radiation Exposure, Procedure Time and Contrast Use during Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair.</a> Journal of Vascular Surgery. 61 (2), 309-316 (2015).</li><li>Krishnaswamy, A., Tuzcu, E. M., Kapadia, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integration+of+MDCT+and+fluoroscopy+using+C-arm+computed+tomography+to+guide+structural+cardiac+interventions+in+the+cardiac+catheterization+laboratory.">Integration of MDCT and fluoroscopy using C-arm computed tomography to guide structural cardiac interventions in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.</a> Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 85 (1), 139-147 (2015).</li><li>Movassaghi, B., Rasche, V., Grass, M., Viergever, M. A., Niessen, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+quantitative+analysis+of+3-D+coronary+modeling+from+two+or+more+projection+images.">A quantitative analysis of 3-D coronary modeling from two or more projection images.</a> IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 23 (12), 1517-1531 (2004).</li><li>Vernikouskaya, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-guidance+for+transcatheter+aortic+valve+implantation+(TAVI)+and+cerebral+embolic+protection.">Image-guidance for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and cerebral embolic protection.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 249, 90-95 (2017).</li><li>Ramlawi, B., Anaya-Ayala, J. E., Reardon, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcatheter+Aortic+Valve+Replacement+(TAVR):+Access+Planning+and+Strategies.">Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Access Planning and Strategies.</a> Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal. 8 (2), 22-25 (2012).</li><li>W&#246;hrle, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transfemoral+Aortic+Valve+Implantation+with+the+New+Edwards+Sapien+3+Valve+for+Treatment+of+Severe+Aortic+Stenosis-Impact+of+Valve+Size+in+a+Single+Center+Experience.">Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation with the New Edwards Sapien 3 Valve for Treatment of Severe Aortic Stenosis-Impact of Valve Size in a Single Center Experience.</a> PLOS ONE. 11 (3), e0151247 (2016).</li><li>Seeger, J., Gonska, B., Otto, M., Rottbauer, W., W&#246;hrle, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+Embolic+Protection+During+Transcatheter+Aortic+Valve+Replacement+Significantly+Reduces+Death+and+Stroke+Compared+With+Unprotected+Procedures.">Cerebral Embolic Protection During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Significantly Reduces Death and Stroke Compared With Unprotected Procedures.</a> JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 10 (22), 2297-2303 (2017).</li><li>Seeger, J., Gonska, B., Rodewald, C., Rottbauer, W., W&#246;hrle, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+suture+mediated+femoral+access+site+closure+with+the+Prostar+XL+compared+to+the+ProGlide+system+on+outcome+in+transfemoral+aortic+valve+implantation.">Impact of suture mediated femoral access site closure with the Prostar XL compared to the ProGlide system on outcome in transfemoral aortic valve implantation.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 223, 564-567 (2016).</li><li>Vernikouskaya, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+registration+of+3D+CT+angiography+(CTA)+with+X-ray+fluoroscopy+for+image+fusion+during+transcatheter+aortic+valve+implantation+(TAVI)+increases+performance+of+the+procedure.">Patient-specific registration of 3D CT angiography (CTA) with X-ray fluoroscopy for image fusion during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) increases performance of the procedure.</a> Clinical Research in Cardiology. , (2018).</li><li>Eng, M. H., Kim, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluoroscopy+and+CT+fusion+overlay-greater+than+the+sum+of+their+parts.">Fluoroscopy and CT fusion overlay-greater than the sum of their parts.</a> Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 85 (1), 148-149 (2015).</li><li>John, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=System+to+guide+transcatheter+aortic+valve+implantations+based+on+interventional+C-arm+CT+imaging.">System to guide transcatheter aortic valve implantations based on interventional C-arm CT imaging.</a> Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention. 13 (Pt 1), 375-382 (2010).</li><li>Lu, Y., Sun, Y., Liao, R., Ong, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pre-operative+CT+and+non-contrast-enhanced+C-arm+CT+registration+framework+for+trans-catheter+aortic+valve+implantation.">A pre-operative CT and non-contrast-enhanced C-arm CT registration framework for trans-catheter aortic valve implantation.</a> Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 38 (8), 683-695 (2014).</li></ol>

The main focus of this study was to investigate the feasibility of IF without modifying the clinically established TAVI workflow. Whereas the gold standard for the co-registration of the pre-interventional CTA data and XR fluoroscopy uses dedicated aortograms8, we propose using multiple approximate registrations with on-the-fly refinements to provide accurate 3D model overlay during the entire course of the intervention.
The continuous manual registration refinement req...

Image fusion (IF) is the process of superimposing datasets acquired at the different time- and viewpoints on different modalities into a single-frame of reference1. XR is the most frequently used imaging modality for intervention guidance. Even though, providing high temporal and spatial resolution, XR has low dimensionality (2D projections) and lacks anatomical details. 3D organ shape models derived from e.g. high-quality pre-interventional CTA data superimposed onto the live fluoroscopy image can augment XR by relevant anatomic soft-tissue structures. Prerequisite step for IF is the co-registration of the different imaging modalities.
Typically, co-registration of preoperative 3D image datasets with XR fluoroscopy involves one of the following techniques2: a) image-based 3D-3D registration of the preoperative 3D dataset with an intraoperative non-/contrast-enhanced CBCT dataset3,4,5,6, or b) direct image-based 2D-3D registration, where two angiographic images with a minimum of 30&#176; angular spacing7,8 are used for co-registration.
With the recent introduction of fusion packages on commercial XR systems, IF can be made more readily available for a wide range of applications. Using those systems, we have previously shown that it is technically feasible and safe to overlay an aortic root model by means of direct image-based 2D-3D registration for supporting transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)8. Without compromising the overall CA or XR dose, IF proved itself highly valuable during TAVI procedure by adding 3D anatomical details to the conventional XR fluoroscopy image, especially during deployment of the cerebral protection device. However, the additional acquisition of the aortograms used for the co-registration required additional CA and XR dose. Therefore, an optimized workflow providing accurate IF without the need of any additional aortograms was highly desirable.
Here, we present an approach to improved co-registration of pre-interventional CTA with real-time XR without requiring any additional CA or C-arm CT scans for IF. The femoral access TAVI is performed as described elsewhere9,10,11. Briefly, both femoral arteries are accessed: one for the guidance of the contralateral puncture, followed by placement of a pigtail catheter through a 6F sheath to allow arteriography during placement of the valve prosthesis; the second for placement of the valve delivery system and subsequent balloon valvuloplasty and device placement. Angiographic confirmation of appropriate puncture is performed in our institution as a standard of care for localization of the puncture height (above the femoral bifurcation) and estimation of the position of the covered stent in case of access-related complications12. For capturing embolic debris, a double-filter cerebral protection system is introduced after insertion of the TAVI delivery sheath prior to the passage of the aortic arch with any further device.
We use arteriograms performed routinely during the puncture of the femoral arteries to establish the initial co-registration. On-the-fly refinement of the co-registration is subsequently performed during the on-going procedure using the position of the pigtail catheter within the aortic root, the double-filter cerebral embolic protection system in the supraaortal vessels and the aortograms performed before the implantation of the valve prosthesis, thus ensuring accurate model overlay at any time point during the intervention.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:733px;" width="733">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Philips Allura FD10&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;">x-ray system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:247px;">EP Navigator Release 5.2.10</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Philips Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;">image segmentation and fusion SW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:247px;">Iomeron 350</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Bracco Imaging Deutschland GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>x-ray contrast agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:41px;width:247px;">Sentinel&#160; double-filter cerebral protection system</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Claret Medical, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;">double-filter cerebral protection system&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;width:247px;">Matlab R2013</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">MathWorks</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>statistical analysis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

improved registration of 3d ct angiography with x-ray fluoroscopy for image fusion during transcatheter aortic valve implantation

The fusion of 3D anatomical models derived from high-fidelity pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA), and x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy to facilitate anatomical guidance is of huge interest for complex cardiac interventions like TAVI procedures with cerebral protection. Co-registration of CTA and XR has been introduced either based on additional intraoperative non-/contrast-enhanced cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or two separate aortograms. With the related increase of radiation exposure and/or contrast agent (CA) dose, a potential additional risk for the patient is introduced. Here, we propose a modified co-registration approach making use of arteriograms of the iliofemoral arteries, routinely performed during the femoral puncture and sheath introduction. On-the-fly refinement of the co-registration during the on-going procedure enables accurate co-registration without any additional angiograms, thus reducing CA, XR dose and procedure time, while simultaneously improving operator confidence and procedure safety.

We introduced a novel co-registration approach for image fusion during TAVI, which allows overlaying the patient-specific anatomic model onto the live XR images during the entire TAVI procedure without the need for any additional aortograms.
Several interventional steps will benefit from the IF: (1) guidance of the puncture of the common femoral artery above the femoral bifurcation on the sheath side (Figure...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation at JoVE.com

Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

The aim of this study was to improve the co-registration for image fusion (IF) of pre-interventional CT data with real-time x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

The fusion of 3D anatomical models derived from high-fidelity pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA), and x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Intracranial Implantation with Subsequent 3D In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Murine Gliomas

Intracranial Implantation with Subsequent 3D In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Murine Gliomas

The mouse glioma 261 (GL261) is recognized as an in vivo model system that recapitulates many of the features of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The ...

Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 ...

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

In patients with small aortic roots who need an aortic valve replacement with biological valve substitutes, the implantation of the stented pericardial ...

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Despite the obvious advantages of the preservation of a normal aortic valve during aortic root replacement, the complexity of valve sparing procedures ...

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

Angiography is an essential tool for the study of vascular structures in various research fields. The aim of this study is to introduce a simple ...

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is commonly used for the treatment of spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, and spondylolisthesis. ...

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT): 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy PRRT: 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods

Peptide-receptor-radionuclide-therapy (PPRT) is a targeted therapy that combines a short-range energy radionuclide with a substrate with high specificity ...

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Several hip pathologies have been attributed to abnormal morphology with an underlying assumption of aberrant biomechanics. However, structure-function ...

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging

In the United States, more than 80% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms are treated by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The endovascular approach ...