Name: mouse body temperature measurement using infrared thermometer during passive systemic anaphylaxis and food allergy evaluation
Uploaded: 2018-09-14T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation at JoVE.com

Research in the Kawakami lab was supported by NIH grants: R01 AR064418-01A1, R01 HL124283-01, R21 AI 115534-01, and R41AI124734-01.

All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology.
1. Mouse Body Temperature Measurement During Anesthetization
<ol>
	<li>Place the mouse in an anesthesia induction box. Anesthetize by using 1 L/min flow of oxygen with 5% isoflurane. 
	NOTE: Anesthetization is confirmed when the mouse ceases voluntary movement and has been immobile for over 30 s. Alternatively, monitor respiratory rate, and once mice are breath...

<ol>
	<li>Finkelman, F. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anaphylaxis:+lessons+from+mouse+models.">Anaphylaxis: lessons from mouse models.</a> The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 120 (3), 506-515 (2007).</li><li>Lee, J. K., Vadas, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anaphylaxis:+mechanisms+and+management.">Anaphylaxis: mechanisms and management.</a> Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 41 (7), 923-938 (2011).</li><li>Newsom, D. M., Bolgos, G. L., Colby, L., Nemzek, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+body+surface+temperature+measurement+and+conventional+methods+for+measuring+temperature+in+the+mouse.">Comparison of body surface temperature measurement and conventional methods for measuring temperature in the mouse.</a> Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 43 (5), 13-18 (2004).</li><li>Wong, J. P., Saravolac, E. G., Clement, J. G., Nagata, L. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+murine+hypothermia+model+for+study+of+respiratory+tract+influenza+virus+infection.">Development of a murine hypothermia model for study of respiratory tract influenza virus infection.</a> Laboratory Animal Science. 47 (2), 143-147 (1997).</li><li>Quimby, J. M., Olea-Popelka, F., Lappin, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+digital+rectal+and+microchip+transponder+thermometry+in+cats.">Comparison of digital rectal and microchip transponder thermometry in cats.</a> Journal of American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 48 (4), 402-404 (2009).</li><li>Mei, J., Riedel, N., Grittner, U., Endres, M., Banneke, S., Emmrich, J. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Body+temperature+measurement+in+mice+during+acute+illness:+implantable+temperature+transponder+versus+surface+infrared+thermometry.">Body temperature measurement in mice during acute illness: implantable temperature transponder versus surface infrared thermometry.</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 3526 (2018).</li><li>Doyle, E., Trosien, J., Metz, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protocols+for+the+induction+and+evaluation+of+systemic+anaphylaxis+in+mice.">Protocols for the induction and evaluation of systemic anaphylaxis in mice.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1032, 133-138 (2013).</li><li>Brandt, E. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mast+cells+are+required+for+experimental+oral+allergen-induced+diarrhea.">Mast cells are required for experimental oral allergen-induced diarrhea.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigations. 112 (11), 1666-1677 (2003).</li><li>Ando, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histamine-releasing+factor+enhances+food+allergy.">Histamine-releasing factor enhances food allergy.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigations. 127 (12), 4541-4553 (2017).</li><li>Brandt, E. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+IL-4/IL-13+signaling+to+alleviate+oral+allergen-induced+diarrhea.">Targeting IL-4/IL-13 signaling to alleviate oral allergen-induced diarrhea.</a> The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 123 (1), 53-58 (2009).</li></ol>

The protocol described was established with the goal of measuring body temperature without the use of anesthesia. Despite its relative ease with which temperature readings can be obtained, there are several caveats that accommodate this technique, in addition to the more obvious effects such as handling stress and different ambient temperatures.
First, in order to maintain consistent temperature readings throughout the experiment, the location where the temperature is being measured must be pr...

Measurement of body temperature has been an essential part of monitoring the effects of anaphylactic symptoms in animal models1,2. Temperature differences have been traditionally measured by rectal probe thermometers in mice3,4. With these measurements, investigators have reliably portrayed differences in temperature among variables; however, this method is a time-consuming procedure and causes distress to mice, which can increase the body core temperature. Rectal probing can also cause mucosal tearing and infection3. Moreover, the mice should be anesthetized in order to humanely insert the rectal probe to measure the temperature3. This is a slow process, and it prohibits the measurement of successive temperatures within a short period of time. Furthermore, mice activity phenotypes cannot be observed during this time until the anesthetic is completely worn off, which is another time-consuming process. More recently, other reliable methods to measure body temperature have used subcutaneously implanted passive infrared transponder tags or radio transmitters that include a temperature sensor3,5,6. Although they are accepted as the ideal practice by some researchers, these methods are not widely used because of high initial costs and distress to mice, due to the surgical implantation of a temperature sensor under the skin or another part of the body.
In order to demonstrate that a temperature difference is an accurate reflection of symptoms in a disease model1,2, mice must be awake during the temperature measurement and be able to return to their normal phenotypic activity immediately before and after the measurement. To this end, we sought a method by which this could be achieved.
Our goal was to accurately and inexpensively measure mouse body temperature, without the need for anesthesia and without restrictions on activity, to enable observation of behavioral phenotypes during and after the time of temperature measurement. To achieve this goal, it was apparent that a technique less invasive than the standard rectal temperature probes was required. Infrared thermometers have been used for decades in clinical medicine, especially in pediatrics, to obtain accurate temperature readings. It has been an alternative method that has allowed clinicians to quickly and accurately obtain temperature measurements in infants and fussy children that are actively mobile. We implemented this same technique in mice and have developed a successful method to obtain temperatures without anesthesia. Importantly, we show that this method is capable of replicating the well-established passive systemic anaphylaxis results regarding temperature changes, while also being able to observe the activity of the mouse throughout the measurement. Furthermore, we use the same method to evaluate body temperatures of food-allergic mice, while simultaneously investigating other symptoms, to demonstrate that body temperature is indeed an accurate reflection of the activity level and overall phenotype of the mouse.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:260px;">Non-contact infrared thermometer</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8406-.2MG</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PrecisionGlide 30G needle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305128</td>
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		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PrecisionGlide 26G needle&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305111</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dinitrophenyl - human serum albumin</td>
			<td>Biosearch Technologies</td>
			<td>D-5059-10</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ovalbumin from chicken egg white</td>
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			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>77161</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Animal Feeding Needles, disposable</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>01-208-87</td>
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mouse body temperature measurement using infrared thermometer during passive systemic anaphylaxis and food allergy evaluation

Mouse body temperature measurement is of paramount importance for investigating allergies and anaphylactic symptoms. Rectal probes for temperature readings is common, and they have been proven to be accurate and invaluable in this regard. However, this method of temperature measurement requires the mice to be anesthetized in order to insert the probe without injury to the animal. This limits the ability to observe other phenotypes of the mouse simultaneously. In order to investigate other phenotypes while measuring temperatures, rectal probes are not ideal, and another method is desired. Here, we introduce a noninvasive method of temperature measurement that foregoes the requirement for mouse anesthesia while maintaining equal reliability to rectal probes in measuring body temperature. We use an infrared thermometer that detects body surface temperatures at ranges between 2 and 150 mm. This method of body temperature measurement is successful in reliably replicating temperature change trends during passive system anaphylaxis experiments in mice. We show that body surface temperatures are about 2.0 &#176;C lower than rectal probe measurements, but the degree of temperature drop follows the same trend. Furthermore, we use the same technique to observe mice in a food allergy model to evaluate temperature and activity levels simultaneously.

Passive systemic anaphylaxis: For iv injection, 10 week old female BALB/c mice were anesthetized. Prior to the injection, we measured their body temperatures (Video 1) as described in step 1. Figure 1 shows the temperature trend of both populations after iv injection. The IgE-sensitized mouse showed a maximum temperature drop of 3.0 &#176;C at 20 min, while the PBS control mouse had a maximum drop of 1.1 &#176;C at 20 min7</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation at JoVE.com

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Here we present a new method to accurately measure body temperature differences in passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) and food allergy mouse models using an infrared thermometer. This procedure has been accurately duplicated in previous PSA results.

Mouse body temperature measurement is of paramount importance for investigating allergies and anaphylactic symptoms. Rectal probes for temperature ...

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