Name: a dual-functional electroactive filter towards simultaneously sb(iii) oxidation and sequestration
Uploaded: 2019-12-05T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously SbIII Oxidation and Sequestration at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (No. 18ZR1401000), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 18PJ1400400), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFF0215703).

CAUTION: Please carefully read relevant safety data sheets (SDS) of all chemicals and wear proper personal protection equipment (PPE) before use. Some of the chemicals are toxic and irritant. Be careful when handling carbon nanotubes, which may have additional hazards if inhaled or contacted by skin.
1. Preparation of the electroactive titanate-CNT filter
<ol>
	<li>Preparation of titanate nanowires16
	<ol>
		<li>Dissolve 56 g of potassium hydroxide (K...

<ol>
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The key to this technology is to fabricate an electroactive conductive and porous hybrid filter with high Sb-specificity. To do this, special care should be paid to the fabrication process. The amount of titanate nanowires need to be precisely controlled due to the "trade-off" effect between the filter's electrical conductivity and surface area.
In addition, it should be also noted that a proper applied voltage is necessary. Once the applied voltage is too high (e.g., &#62;3 V), other competit...

Recently, the environmental pollution caused by emerging antimony (Sb) has attracted much attention1,2. Extensive studies demonstrate that Sb compounds pose high toxicity to human and microorganisms, although present in low concentrations in the environment3,4. Even worse, conventional physicochemical or biological methods are usually ineffective to remove these emerging contaminants due to their low concentrations and high toxicity5. The most abundant species of Sb are Sb(V) and Sb(III), of which the latter form is more toxic.
Among the currently available treatment methods, adsorption is believed to be a promising and feasible alternative due to its high efficiency, low cost, and simplicity6,7. Till now, several nanoscale sorbents with tunable microstructures, large specific surface area and Sb specificity have been developed, such as TiO28, MnO29, titanate10, zerovalent iron11, iron oxides and other binary metal oxides12,13. A common problem when dealing with nanoscale adsorbents is the post-separation issue due to their small particle size. One strategy to address this issue is to load these nano-sorbents onto macro/micro-scale supports14. Another challenging issue restricting the wide application of adsorption technology is the poor mass transport caused by limited concentration of target compounds/molecules15. This issue may be partially addressed by adopting a membrane design and convention could enhance the mass transport significantly. Recent efforts have been devoted to develop advanced treatment systems that combine adsorption and oxidation in a single unit for effective Sb(III) removal. Here, we show how an electroactive titanate-carbon nanotube (titanate-CNT) filter was rationally designed and applied for the simultaneously adsorption and sequestration of toxic Sb(III). By fine-tuning the titanate loading amount, applied voltage, and flow rate, we demonstrate how the Sb(III) oxidation rate and sequestration efficiency can be tailored correspondingly. Although the fabrication and application of the electroactive filter is shown in this protocol, similar designs can also apply to the treatment of other heavy metal ions.
Minor changes in the fabrication process and reagents may cause significant changes in the morphology and performance of the final system. For instance, the hydrothermal time, temperature, and chemical purity have been shown to affect the microstructures of these nanoscale adsorbents. The flow rate of the adsorbate solution also determines the residence time within a flow-through system as well as the removal efficiency of target compounds. With clear identification of these key impacting parameters, a reproducible synthesis protocol can be secured and a stable removal efficiency of Sb(III) can be achieved. This protocol aims to provide detailed experience on the fabrication of dual-functional hybrid filters as well as their applications towards the removal of toxic heavy metal ions in a flow-through manner.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Atomic fluorescence spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ruili Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon nanotubes (CNT)</td>
			<td>TimesNano Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DC power supply</td>
			<td>Dahua Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol, 96%</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid, 36%</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-antimony potassium tartrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), 99.5%</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium hydroxide, 85%</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td>Ismatec Co., Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Titanium dioxide powders</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a dual-functional electroactive filter towards simultaneously sb(iii) oxidation and sequestration

We have designed a facile method to synthesize a dual-functional electrochemical filter consisting of two 1-D materials: titanate nanowires and carbon nanotubes. The hybrid titanate-CNT filter was prepared by a sonication coupled with a post-filtration route. Due to the synergistic effects of the increased number of exposed sorption sites, electrochemical reactivity, small pore size of the titanate-CNT network coupled with a flow-through design, simultaneous Sb(III) oxidation and sequestration can be readily achieved. Atomic fluorescence spectrometer technology demonstrated that the applied electrical field accelerates the Sb(III) conversion rate and the as-obtained Sb(V) were adsorbed effectively by the titanate nanowires due to their Sb specificity. This protocol provides a practical solution for the removal of highly toxic Sb(III) and other similar heavy metal ions.

The electroactive filtration apparatus employed is an electrochemically modified polycarbonate filtration casing (Figure 1). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques are employed to characterize the morphology of the titanate-CNT filter (Figure 2). To demonstrate the efficacy of the electrochemical filtration system, the change of Sbtotal and Sb valence state as a function of time is det...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously SbIII Oxidation and Sequestration at JoVE.com

A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously SbIII Oxidation and Sequestration

A protocol for the rational design of a dual-functional electroactive filter consisting of carbon nanotubes and titanate nanowires is reported and their environmental applications towards Sb(III) oxidation and sequestration is presented.

A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously Sb(III) Oxidation and Sequestration

We have designed a facile method to synthesize a dual-functional electrochemical filter consisting of two 1-D materials: titanate nanowires and carbon ...

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