Name: visualization of estrogen receptors in colons of mice with tnbs-induced crohn's disease using immunofluorescence
Uploaded: 2020-03-12T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence at JoVE.com

The work was published thanks to the financial support of the University of Lodz authorities: Vice-Rector for Scientific Research, Vice-Rector for National and International Cooperation and the Dean of the Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection. Damian Jacenik was supported by grants (2017/24/T/NZ5/00045 and 2015/17/N/NZ5/00336) from National Science Centre, Poland.

Animal studies were conducted with the consent of the Local Ethical Committee (28/&#321;B29/2016) in accordance with Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 22, 2010, and institutional recommendations.
1. TNBS-induced murine model of Crohn&#39;s disease
NOTE: This protocol uses male BALB/C mice weighing 25-28 g. Animals are housed at a constant temperature (22-24 &#176;C) and, relative humidity 55 &#177; 5%, and maintained in a ...

<ol>
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There are numerous animal models for IBD pathophysiology examination, including genetic, immunological or spontaneous models, as well as chemically induced models15. Among the several types of animal models of colitis, chemically induced models such as the TNBS-induced model described in this protocol, are relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. The TNBS-induced murine model of colitis has several clinical symptoms related to the pathological basis of CD. Animals with induced colitis are charac...

Crohn&#39;s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) manifested as chronic intestine inflammation. The etiology of CD is poorly understood, but there are a few major factors that appear to be responsible for CD development, including intestinal microbiota, and genetic and environmental factors, such as diet or stress1. For a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Crohn&#39;s disease, several models of intestinal inflammation have been used2,3,4,5,6,7. In this article, we present results obtained from a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced murine model of CD.
It has been documented that estrogens are capable of modulating chronic intestinal inflammation8,9,10,11,12. The biological activity of estrogens is mediated by cognate receptors, among which are nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), i.e., ER&#945; (gene ESR1) and ER&#946; (gene ESR2), as well as G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, i.e., GPER (gene GPER1), referred to as membrane-bound ER13,14. There are several methods for determining the level of estrogen receptors, but only a few can be used to visualize them in the intestine.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used method in clinical and basic studies for the detection of certain antigens in cells or tissues with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies. IHC seems to be an important method in tissue structure visualization, as well as in the identification and localization of specific proteins, which may be crucial for understanding the development of colitis. Here, we present a complete and validated protocol for immunohistochemical visualization of estrogen receptors in the intestine using immunofluorescence.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Animals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BALB/C mice</td>
			<td>University of Lodz</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Caliper</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>62379-531</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cardboard block</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope - TCS SP8</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fully automated rotary microtome - RM2255</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>J1800BMNT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heated Paraffin Embedding Module - EG1150 H</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histological box</td>
			<td>Marfour</td>
			<td>LN.138747</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrophobic pen</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z377821</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory balance</td>
			<td>Radwag</td>
			<td>WL-104-0048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LAS X software</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metal mold</td>
			<td>Marfour</td>
			<td>CP.5105</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile scissor</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile tweezer</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue processor - TP1020</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>92822</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3294</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DiOC6 (3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>318426</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DyLight 650 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab96886</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ER&#945; primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab75635</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ER&#946; primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab3576</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>396480111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>432173111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GPER primary antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab39742</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>575283421</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxidase</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>885193111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane (forane)</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>1001936040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal goat serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16210064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>39602012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petrie dish</td>
			<td>Nest Scientific</td>
			<td>705001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffer saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3813</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Physiological saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7982</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primocin (antibiotic)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>ant-pm-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Diamond Antifage Mountant with DAPI (glycerol-based liquid with DAPI)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P36971</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Chempur</td>
			<td>WE/231-598-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>795780429</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>853470115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Avantor Performance Materials Poland</td>
			<td>BA0860119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visualization of estrogen receptors in colons of mice with tnbs-induced crohn's disease using immunofluorescence

Crohn&#39;s disease is the most diagnosed type of inflammatory bowel disease. Chronic inflammation developing in the intestine leads to peristalsis disorder and damage of intestinal mucosa and seems to be associated with an increased risk of colon neoplastic transformation. Accumulating evidence indicates that estrogens and estrogen receptors affect not only hormone-sensitive tissues, but also other tissues not directly related to estrogens, such as the lungs or colon. Here, we describe the protocol for the successful immunofluorescence staining of estrogen receptors in colon obtained from a murine model of TNBS-induced Crohn&#39;s disease. A detailed protocol for the induction of Crohn&#39;s disease in mice and intestine preparation is provided as well as a step-by-step immunohistochemical procedure using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded intestine sections. The described methods are not only useful for estrogen receptor detection and estrogen signaling investigation in vivo but can also be applied to for other proteins which may be involved in the development of colitis.

Macroscopic characteristics of colons in mice with TNBS-induced Crohn&#39;s disease 
Representative images of colons taken from control and TNBS-treated mice are shown in Figure 2. In mice with a TNBS-induced model of Crohn&#39;s disease, the length of the colon is reduced while the width of the colon is increased.
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/6081...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence at JoVE.com

Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence

The protocol presents a complete validated TNBS-induced murine model of Crohn&#39;s disease and methods for visualization of estrogen receptors by immunohistochemistry using immunofluorescence of formalin-fixed colon sections embedded in paraffin.

Crohn&#39;s disease is the most diagnosed type of inflammatory bowel disease. Chronic inflammation developing in the intestine leads to peristalsis ...

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