Name: elaborate control of inkjet printer for fabrication of chip-based supercapacitors
Uploaded: 2021-11-30T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Korea Electric Power Corporation (Grant number: R21XO01-24), the Competency Development Program for Industry Specialists of the Korean MOTIE operated by KIAT (No. P0012453), and the Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship 2021.

1. Design of pattern using PCB CAD program
<ol>
	<li>Run the CAD program. Click on the File button atop the program window. To form a new project file, click on the New and Project buttons.</li>
	<li>To generate the board file, click on the File, New, and Board buttons in order. Set the grid size, multiple, and alt values by clicking on the mesh-shaped Grid button at the top left of th...

<ol>
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P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+nanoparticle+direct+inkjet+printing+for+low-temperature+3D+micro+metal+structure+fabrication.">Metal nanoparticle direct inkjet printing for low-temperature 3D micro metal structure fabrication.</a> Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 20 (12), 125010 (2010).</li><li>Li, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+inkjet+printing+of+graphene.">Efficient inkjet printing of graphene.</a> Advanced Materials. 25 (29), 3985-3992 (2013).</li><li>Burke, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultracapacitors:+why,+how,+where+is+the+technology.">Ultracapacitors: why, how, where is the technology.</a> Journal of Power Sources. 91 (1), 37-50 (2000).</li><li>Qorbani, M., Khajehdehi, O., Sabbah, A., Naseri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ti-rich+TiO2+tubular+nanolettuces+by+electrochemical+anodization+for+all-solid-state+high-rate+supercapacitor+devices.">Ti-rich TiO2 tubular nanolettuces by electrochemical anodization for all-solid-state high-rate supercapacitor devices.</a> ChemSusChem. 12 (17), 4064-4073 (2019).</li><li>Areir, M., Xu, Y., Harrison, D., Fyson, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D+printing+of+highly+flexible+supercapacitor+designed+for+wearable+energy+storage.">3D printing of highly flexible supercapacitor designed for wearable energy storage.</a> Materials Science and Engineering: B. 226, 29-38 (2017).</li><li>Fialkov, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbon+application+in+chemical+power+sources.">Carbon application in chemical power sources.</a> Russian Journal of Electrochemistry. 36 (4), 345-366 (2000).</li><li>Pandolfo, A. G., Hollenkamp, A. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=All-printed+in-plane+supercapacitors+by+sequential+additive+manufacturing+process.">All-printed in-plane supercapacitors by sequential additive manufacturing process.</a> ACS Applied Energy Materials. 3 (5), 4965-4973 (2020).</li><li>Park, S. H., Kaur, M., Yun, D., Kim, W. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hierarchically+designed+electron+paths+in+3D+printed+energy+storage+devices.">Hierarchically designed electron paths in 3D printed energy storage devices.</a> Langmuir. 34 (37), 10897-10904 (2018).</li><li>Sajedi-Moghaddam, A., Rahmanian, E., Naseri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inkjet-printing+technology+for+supercapacitor+application:+Current+state+and+perspectives.">Inkjet-printing technology for supercapacitor application: Current state and perspectives.</a> ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces. 12 (31), 34487-34504 (2020).</li><li>Komuro, N., Takaki, S., Suzuki, K., Citterio, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inkjet+printed+(bio)chemical+sensing+devices.">Inkjet printed (bio)chemical sensing devices.</a> Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 405 (17), 5785-5805 (2013).</li><li>Kim, J., Kumar, R., Bandodkar, A. J., Wang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advanced+materials+for+printed+wearable+electrochemical+devices:+A+review.">Advanced materials for printed wearable electrochemical devices: A review.</a> Advanced Electronic Materials. 3 (1), 1600260 (2017).</li><li>Calvert, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inkjet+printing+for+materials+and+devices.">Inkjet printing for materials and devices.</a> Chemistry of Materials. 13 (10), 3299-3305 (2001).</li><li>Zhou, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+characterization+of+fluid+properties+to+predict+droplet+ejection+for+three-dimensional+inkjet+printing+formulations.">High-throughput characterization of fluid properties to predict droplet ejection for three-dimensional inkjet printing formulations.</a> Additive Manufacturing. 29, 100792 (2019).</li><li>Ebnesajjad, S., Ebnesajjad, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Handbook of Adhesives and Surface Preparation. , 21-30 (2011).</li></ol>

The critical steps in this protocol are involved in the software parameter setup to print the designed pattern by finely adjusting the parameter values. Customized printing can lead to structural optimization and obtaining new mechanical properties19. The inkjet printing method with software parameter control can be used for sophisticated printing in various industries by selecting the optimized material for the printing process.
In the fabrication of supercapacitors us...

In the past decades, multiple printing methods have been developed for various applications, including wearable devices1, pharmaceuticals2, and aerospace components3. The printing can be easily adapted for various devices by simply changing the materials to be used. Moreover, it prevents the wastage of raw materials. To manufacture electronic devices, several printing methods such as screen printing4, push-coating5, and lithography6 have been developed. Compared to these printing technologies, the inkjet printing method has multiple advantages, including reduced material waste, compatibility with multiple substrates7, low cost8, flexibility9, low-temperature processing10, and ease of mass production11. However, the application of the inkjet printing method has hardly been suggested for certain sophisticated devices. Here, we present a protocol establishing detailed guidelines to use the inkjet printing method for printing a supercapacitor device.
Supercapacitors, including pseudocapacitors and electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), are emerging as energy storage devices that can complement conventional lithium-ion batteries12,13. Especially, EDLC is a promising energy storage device because of its low cost, high power density, and long cycle life14. Activated carbon (AC), having high specific surface area and conductivity, is used as electrode material in commercial EDLCs15. These properties of AC allow EDLCs to have a high electrochemical capacitance16. EDLCs have the passive volume in devices when the conventional fixed-size fabrication method is used. With inkjet printing, the EDLCs can be fully integrated into the product design. Therefore, the device fabricated using the inkjet printing method is functionally better than that fabricated by existing fixed-size methodologies17. The fabrication of EDLCs using the efficient inkjet printing method maximizes the stability and longevity of EDLCs and provides a free-form factor18. The printing patterns were designed by using a PCB CAD program and converted to Gerber files. The designed patterns were printed using an inkjet printer because it has precise software-enabled control, high material throughput, and printing stability.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2&#8221; x 3&#8221; FR&#173;4 board</td>
			<td>Voltera</td>
			<td>SKU: 1000066</td>
			<td>PCB substrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Activated carbon</td>
			<td>MTI</td>
			<td>Np-Ag-0530HT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eagle CAD</td>
			<td>Autodesk</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PCB CAD program</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl cellulose</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>46070</td>
			<td>48.0-49.5% (w/w) ethoxyl basis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flex 2 conductive ink</td>
			<td>Voltera</td>
			<td>SKU: 1000333</td>
			<td>Flexible Ag ink</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lithium perchlorate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>634565</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propylene carbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>310328</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVDF</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>182702</td>
			<td>average Mw ~534,000 by GPC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Smart Manager</td>
			<td>ZIVE LAB</td>
			<td>ver : 6. 6. 8. 9</td>
			<td>Electrochemical analysis program</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super-P</td>
			<td>Hyundai</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Terpineol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>432628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thinky mixer</td>
			<td>Thinky</td>
			<td>ARE-310</td>
			<td>Planetary mixer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton-X</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>X100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>V-One printer</td>
			<td>Voltera</td>
			<td>SKU: 1000329</td>
			<td>PCB printer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZIVE SP1</td>
			<td>Wonatech</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Potentiostat device</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

elaborate control of inkjet printer for fabrication of chip-based supercapacitors

There are tremendous efforts in various fields to apply the inkjet printing method for the fabrication of wearable devices, displays, and energy storage devices. To get high-quality products, however, sophisticated operation skills are required depending on the physical properties of the ink materials. In this regard, optimizing the inkjet printing parameters is as important as developing the physical properties of the ink materials. In this study, optimization of the inkjet printing software parameters is presented for fabricating a supercapacitor. Supercapacitors are attractive energy storage systems because of their high power density, long lifespan, and various applications as power sources. Supercapacitors can be used in the Internet of Things (IoT), smartphones, wearable devices, electrical vehicles (EVs), large energy storage systems, etc. The wide range of applications demands a new method that can fabricate devices in various scales. The inkjet printing method can break through the conventional fixed-size&#160;fabrication method.

The ink was synthesized according to step 2, and the characteristics of the ink could be confirmed according to reference18. Figure 8 shows the structural properties of conductive ink and EDLC ink, as well as the rheological properties of EDLC ink reported in the previous research18. The conductive ink is well sintered to form continuous conducting paths, and the nanoscale roughness is expected to increase the contact area with the EDLC ink (<s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors at JoVE.com

Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors

This paper provides a technique for manufacturing chip-based supercapacitors using an inkjet printer. Methodologies are described in detail to synthesize inks, adjust software parameters, and analyze the electrochemical results of the manufactured supercapacitor.

There are tremendous efforts in various fields to apply the inkjet printing method for the fabrication of wearable devices, displays, and energy storage ...

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