Name: microfluidic acoustophoresis for flowthrough separation of gram-negative bacteria using aptamer affinity beads
Uploaded: 2022-10-17T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microfluidic Acoustophoresis for Flowthrough Separation of Gram-Negative Bacteria using Aptamer Affinity Beads at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT). (No. NRF-2021R1A2C1011380)

1. Microfluidic acoustophoresis chip design
NOTE: Figure 1 shows a schematic of the separation and collection of target microbeads from microchannels by acoustophoresis. The microfluidic acoustophoresis chip is designed with a CAD program.
<ol>
	<li>Design a microfluidic acoustophoresis chip that uses a mixture of aptamer-modified beads and streptavidin-coated polystyrene (PS) beads corresponding to the size of bacteria to study the separation p...

<ol>
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We developed a sonic levitation microfluidic device for capturing and transferring GN bacteria from culture samples at high speed based on a continuous running method according to their size and type, and aptamer-modified microbeads. The long, square microchannel enables a simpler design and greater cost-efficiency for 2D acoustophoresis than previously reported20,21,22,23,<sup class...

Microfluidic platforms are being developed to isolate bacteria from medical and environmental samples, in addition to methods based on dielectric transfer, magnetophoresis, bead extraction, filtering, centrifugal microfluidics and inertial effects, and surface acoustic waves1,2.&#160;The detection of pathogenic bacteria is continued using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but it is usually laborious, complex, and time-consuming3,4. Microfluidic acoustophoresis systems are an alternative to address this through reasonable throughput and non-contact cell isolation5,6,7. Acoustophoresis is a technology that separates or concentrates beads using the phenomenon of material movement through a sound wave. When sound waves enter the microchannel, they are sorted according to the size, density, etc., of the beads, and cells can be separated according to the biochemical and electrical properties of the suspension medium7,8. Accordingly, many acoustophoretic studies have been actively pursued9,10,11, and recently, 3D numerical simulations of acoustophoretic motion induced by boundary-driven acoustic streaming in standing surface acoustic wave microfluidics have been introduced12.
Studies in various fields are examining how to replace antibodies2,3. Aptamer is a target material having high selectivity and specificity, and many studies are being conducted2,9,10,13. Aptamers have advantages of small size, excellent biological stability, low cost, and high reproducibility compared to antibodies and are being studied in diagnostic and therapeutic applications2,3,14.
Here, this article describes a microfluidic acoustophoresis technology protocol that can be used for the rapid, efficient separation of Gram-negative (GN) bacteria from a medium using aptamer-modified microbeads. This system generates a two-dimensional (2D) acoustic standing wave through single piezoelectric actuation by simultaneously stimulating two orthogonal resonances within a long rectangular microchannel to align and focus aptamer-attached microbeads at the node and anti-node points for separation efficiency2,11,15,16.&#160;There is a bifurcated channel at both the inlet and outlet, enabling simultaneous separation, purification, and concentration.
This protocol can be helpful in the field of early diagnosis of bacterial infectious diseases, as well as a rapid, selective, and sensitive response to pathogenic bacterial infections through real-time water monitoring.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 &#181;m polystyrene microbeads</td>
			<td>Bang Laboratories</td>
			<td>PS04001</td>
			<td>Cell size beads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 &#181;m Streptavidin-coated microbeads</td>
			<td>Bang Laboratories</td>
			<td>CP01007</td>
			<td>Aptamer affinity beads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-inch Silicon Wafer/SU-8 mold</td>
			<td>4science</td>
			<td>29-03573-01</td>
			<td>Components of chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aptamer</td>
			<td>Integrated DNA Technologies</td>
			<td>GN3-6&#39;</td>
			<td>RNA for bacteria conjugation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Borosilicate glass</td>
			<td>Schott</td>
			<td>BOROFLOAT 33</td>
			<td>Components of chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Daihan</td>
			<td>CF-10</td>
			<td>Wasing particles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyanoacrylate glue</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>AD100</td>
			<td>Attach PZT to microchip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Escherichia coli DH5&#945;</td>
			<td>KCTC</td>
			<td>KCTC2571</td>
			<td>Target bacteria</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Functional generator</td>
			<td>GW Instek</td>
			<td>AFG-2225</td>
			<td>Generate frequency</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-speed camera</td>
			<td>Photron</td>
			<td>FASTCAM Mini</td>
			<td>Observation of separation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hot plate</td>
			<td>As one</td>
			<td>HI-1000</td>
			<td>Heating plate for curing of liquid PDMS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KOVAX-SYRINGE 10 mL Syringe</td>
			<td>Koreavaccine</td>
			<td>22G-10ML</td>
			<td>Fill the microfluidic acoustophoresis channel with bubble-free demineralized water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS</td>
			<td>Dow Corning Inc.</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184</td>
			<td>Components of chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Broth Miller</td>
			<td>BD Difco</td>
			<td>244620</td>
			<td>Cell culture (Luria-Bertani medium)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus Corp.</td>
			<td>IX-81</td>
			<td>Observation of separation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS buffer</td>
			<td>Capricorn scientific</td>
			<td>PBS-1A</td>
			<td>Wasing bacteria</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEEK Tubes</td>
			<td>Saint-Gobain Ppl Corp.</td>
			<td>AAD04103</td>
			<td>Inject or collect particles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Piezoelectric transducer</td>
			<td>Fuji Ceramics</td>
			<td>C-213</td>
			<td>Generate specific wave in channel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power amplifier</td>
			<td>Amplifier Research</td>
			<td>75A250A</td>
			<td>Amplify frequency</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure controller/&#956;flucon</td>
			<td>AMED</td>
			<td>AMED-&#956;flucon</td>
			<td>Control of air pressure/flow controller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris-HCl buffer</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>15567027</td>
			<td>Wasing particles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tube rotator</td>
			<td>SeouLin Bioscience</td>
			<td>SLRM-3</td>
			<td>Modifiying aptamer and bead</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microfluidic acoustophoresis for flowthrough separation of gram-negative bacteria using aptamer affinity beads

This article describes the fabrication and operation of microfluidic acoustophoretic chips using a microfluidic acoustophoresis technique and aptamer-modified microbeads that can be used for the fast, efficient isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from a medium. This method enhances the separation efficiency using a mix of long, square microchannels. In this system, the sample and buffer are injected into the inlet port through a flow controller. For bead centering and sample separation, AC power is applied to the piezoelectric transducer via a function generator with a power amplifier to generate acoustic radiation force in the microchannel. There is a bifurcated channel at both the inlet and outlet, enabling simultaneous separation, purification, and concentration. The device has a recovery rate of &gt;98% and purity of 97.8% up to a 10x dose concentration. This study has demonstrated a recovery rate and purity higher than the existing methods for separating bacteria, suggesting that the device can separate bacteria efficiently.

Figure 5 shows the image of bead flow as a function of PZT voltage (OFF, 0.1 V, 0.5 V, 5 V). In the case of the acoustophoretic chip introduced in this study, it was confirmed that as the voltage of the PZT increased, the central concentration of the 10 &#181;m-sized beads increased. Most of the 10 &#181;m-sized beads were concentrated in the center at 5 V of the PZT voltage. Through this result, a resonant frequency of 3.66 MHz was generated in a single channel function generator, and a gen...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microfluidic Acoustophoresis for Flowthrough Separation of Gram-Negative Bacteria using Aptamer Affinity Beads at JoVE.com

Microfluidic Acoustophoresis for Flowthrough Separation of Gram-Negative Bacteria using Aptamer Affinity Beads

This paper describesthe fabrication and operation of microfluidic acoustophoretic chips using the microfluidic acoustophoresis technique and aptamer-modified microbeads that can be used for fast, efficient isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from a medium.

This article describes the fabrication and operation of microfluidic acoustophoretic chips using a microfluidic acoustophoresis technique and ...

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