This study does not refer to ethical approval and consent to participate. The data used in this study was obtained from gene databases.
1. Prediction of disease targets
<ol>
	<li>Access the GeneCards database (https://www.genecards.org) and online Mendelian inheritance in man database (OMIM, https://www.omim.org), utilizing &#34;anus eczema&#34; as the search term for disease targets.</li>
	<li>Download the spreadsheets of the disease targets. Delete the repeated targets to ...

Network Pharmacology and GEO Dataset Analysis of SDG in Anus Eczema Treatment

<ol>
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Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+mechanism+of+Indigo+Naturalis+in+the+treatment+of+ulcerative+colitis+based+on+TLR4/MyD88/NF-&#954;B+signaling+pathway+and+gut+microbiota.">Exploring the mechanism of Indigo Naturalis in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on TLR4/MyD88/NF-&#954;B signaling pathway and gut microbiota.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 12, 674416 (2021).</li><li>Sun, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indigo+Naturalis+alleviates+dextran+sulfate+sodium-induced+colitis+in+rats+via+altering+gut+microbiota.">Indigo Naturalis alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats via altering gut microbiota.</a> Frontiers in Microbiology. 11, 731 (2020).</li><li>Cao, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+and+metabolic+regulation+mechanism+of+Dangguiliuhuang+decoction+against+insulin+resistance+and+hepatic+steatosis.">Immune and metabolic regulation mechanism of Dangguiliuhuang decoction against insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8, 445 (2017).</li><li>Min, S. 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Atopic dermatitis is a specific form of eczema that shares underlying mechanisms with eczema. Hub genes believed to be related to this condition are TNF, MAPK14, and CASP3. The therapeutic effects of SDG on anal eczema are mainly attributed to its action on the TNF and MAPK signaling pathways via these three hub genes17.
SDG includes five distinct drugs: indigo naturalis, golden cypress, calcined gypsum, calamine, and Chinese Gall. In traditional Chinese medicine, calci...

Anal eczema is an allergic skin condition that affects the perianal region and mucosa, exhibiting various clinical manifestations1. The characteristic symptoms include anal erythema, papules, blisters, erosion, exudates, and crusting. These symptoms mostly arise due to scratching, thickening, and roughness of the affected area2.
Anal eczema, characterized by a prolonged duration of the disease, recurrent attacks, and challenging treatment, can have adverse effects on patients&#39; physical and mental health3. The pathogenesis of anal eczema is not yet clear, and modern medicine suggests that it may be related to local anal lesions, diet, environment, genetics, and other factors4. In addition to avoiding contact with irritants and potential allergens, the treatment of anal eczema mainly focuses on methods such as inhibiting inflammation, anti-allergy, and relieving itching5.
SDG has been extensively utilized for the treatment of anal eczema and other anal conditions. SDG regulates anal skin exudation, reduces moisture, repairs anal skin, and effectively addresses pruritus6,7,8. Furthermore, SDG has the potential to regulate perianus microbiota, thereby improving anus eczema9,10.
Network pharmacology, a novel and interdisciplinary, cutting-edge bioinformatic approach in the realm of artificial intelligence and big data, provides an in-depth exploration of traditional Chinese medicine. This discipline emphasizes the systemic expounding of molecular correlation rules between drugs and diseases from an ecological network perspective. It has been extensively adopted for various aspects, including identifying key active ingredients in herb extracts, deciphering their global mechanisms of action, formulating drug combinations, and studying prescription compatibility. Traditional Chinese prescriptions exhibit the attributes of multi-component and multi-target, signifying their substantial adaptability to the realm of network pharmacology. Driven by this methodology, fresh perspectives have emerged in the examination of complex traditional Chinese medicine systems, furnishing robust technical support for clinical application rationalization and drug innovation11,12,13,14.
This study aims to explore the mechanism of effectiveness of SDG in the treatment of anal eczema. This investigative effort sought to elucidate the mechanism of topical drug administration using a synergistic integration of network pharmacology and GEO datasets. The findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of SDG in the management of anus eczema, indicating its potential as an effective therapeutic approach for this condition.The detailed workflow diagram of the study is presented in Figure 1.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>AutoDockTools</td>
			<td>AutoDock</td>
			<td>https://autodocksuite.scripps.edu/adt/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytoscape 3.9.1&#160;</td>
			<td>Cytoscape</td>
			<td>https://cytoscape.org/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GeneCards database&#160;</td>
			<td>GeneCards</td>
			<td>https://www.genecards.org</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GEO database</td>
			<td>National Center for Biotechnology Information</td>
			<td>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GEO2R tool&#160;</td>
			<td>National Center for Biotechnology Information</td>
			<td>https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metascape</td>
			<td>Metascape</td>
			<td>https://metascape.org/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Online Mendelian inheritance in man database</td>
			<td>OMIM</td>
			<td>https://www.omim.org</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RCSB protein database&#160;</td>
			<td>RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)</td>
			<td>http://www.pdb.org/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>STRING database&#160;</td>
			<td>STRING</td>
			<td>https://string-db.org/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Swiss ADME database&#160;</td>
			<td>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics</td>
			<td>http://www.swissadme.ch/index.php</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Traditional Chinese Medicine system&#39;s pharmacology database (TCMSP)</td>
			<td>Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform</td>
			<td>http://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Venny2.1</td>
			<td>BioinfoGP</td>
			<td>https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/index.html</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the efficacy and underlying pathway mechanisms of shidugao treatment for anus eczema based on geo datasets and network pharmacology

Anus eczema is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease affecting the area around the anus. While the lesions primarily occur in the anal and perianal skin, they can also extend to the perineum or genitalia. ShiDuGao (SDG) has been found to possess significant reparative properties against anal pruritus, exudation control, moisture reduction, and skin repair. However, the genetic targets and pharmacological mechanisms of SDG on anal eczema have yet to be comprehensively elucidated and discussed. Consequently, this study employed a network pharmacological approach and utilized gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets to investigate gene targets. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was established, resulting in the identification of 149 targets, of which 59 were deemed hub genes, within the "drug-target-disease" interaction network.
The gene function of SDG in the treatment of perianal eczema was assessed through the utilization of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Subsequently, the anti-perianal eczema function and potential pathway of SDG, as identified in network pharmacological analysis, were validated using molecular docking methodology. The biological processes associated with SDG-targeted genes and proteins in the treatment of anus eczema primarily encompass cytokine-mediated responses, inflammatory responses, and responses to lipopolysaccharide, among others. The results of the pathway enrichment and functional annotation analyses suggest that SDG plays a crucial role in preventing and managing anal eczema by regulating the Shigellosis and herpes simplex virus 1 infection pathways. Network pharmacology and GEO database analysis confirms the multi-target nature of SDG in treating anal eczema, specifically by modulating TNF, MAPK14, and CASP3, which are crucial hub targets in the TNF and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings provide a clear direction for further investigation into SDG's therapeutic mechanism for anal eczema while highlighting its potential as an effective treatment approach for this debilitating condition.

Author Spotlight: Exploring ShiDuGao&#039;s Multi-Target Approach in Anus Eczema Treatment

The Efficacy and Underlying Pathway Mechanisms of ShiDuGao Treatment for Anus Eczema Based on GEO Datasets and Network Pharmacology

Anus eczema-related genes, SDG target genes, and common targets 
A total of 958 potential gene candidates were screened in Genecards and 634 in OMIM databases, while duplicates were excluded. To gain a comprehensive understanding of anal eczema-related genes, the findings from multiple databases were amalgamated, yielding a total of 958 distinct genes. Consequently, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) specific to anal eczema was meticulously formulated. SDG is composed of five traditional Ch...

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This investigative effort sought to elucidate the mechanism of topical drug administration using a synergistic integration of network pharmacology and gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. This article evaluated the feasibility, target, and mechanism of ShiDuGao (SDG) in treating anus eczema.

Anus eczema is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease affecting the area around the anus. While the lesions primarily occur in the anal and ...

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