Chapter 4
Pharmacodynamics
Free Sample
Free access at this time
مبادئ العمل الدوائي
Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
أهداف الإجراءات المتعلقة بالمخدرات: نظرة عامة
Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
نقل الإشارة: نظرة عامة
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
آلية محول الطاقة: مستقبلات G المقترنة بالبروتين
G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
مستقبل القناة الأيونية ذات البوابات الترابطية: آلية البوابات
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
آلية محول الطاقة: مستقبلات مرتبطة بالإنزيم
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
آلية محول الطاقة: المستقبلات النووية
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
العلاقة بين الجرعة والاستجابة: نظرة عامة
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
العلاقة بين الجرعة والاستجابة: الفعالية والفعالية
The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
العلاقة بين الجرعة والاستجابة: الانتقائية والخصوصية
Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
المؤشر العلاجي
The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
تفاعل مستقبلات المخدرات: ناهض
Agonists are drugs that interact with specific receptors in the body to produce a biological response. When an agonist binds to a receptor, it activates ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
التفاعل بين الدواء والمستقبلات: المضاد
An antagonist is a drug that binds strongly to a receptor without activating it. An antagonist prevents other molecules, such as neurotransmitters or ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
الآثار المشتركة للأدوية: العداء
The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
الآثار المشتركة للأدوية: التآزر
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
مستقبلات الغيار
Some receptors remain unoccupied even when an agonist produces a maximal response. Such empty ones are called spare receptors. In presence of spare ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
الجوانب الكمية للتفاعل بين الدواء والمستقبلات
The receptor occupancy theory connects a drug's response to the number of occupied receptors. With higher drug concentrations, more receptors are ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
نموذج المستقبلات ثنائية الحالة
The two-state receptor model explains a drug's interaction with receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, to ...
Free Sample
Free access at this time
إزالة التحسس وداء التاكيفيلاكسي
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon ...
Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved