Chapter 33
Visualizing Cells, Tissues, and Molecules
تصوير العينات البيولوجية بالفحص المجهري البصري
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in ...
تباين الطور والفحص المجهري لتباين التداخل التفاضلي
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular ...
التثبيت والتقسيم
Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation ...
الفحص المجهري المناعي الفلوري
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as ...
الكيمياء الخلوية المناعية والكيمياء المناعية
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The ...
الفحص المجهري الفلوري متحد البؤر
Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability ...
ديناميكيات البروتين في الخلايا الحية
Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent ...
الفحص المجهري الفلوري للانعكاس الداخلي الكلي
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid ...
الفحص المجهري للقوة الذرية
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, ...
الفحص المجهري الفلوري فائق الدقة
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread ...
نظرة عامة على المجهر الإلكتروني
The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can ...
المسح المجهري الإلكتروني
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a ...
الفحص المجهري الإلكتروني للإرسال
In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an ...
تحضير العينات للفحص المجهري الإلكتروني
To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does ...
المجهر الإلكتروني المناعي
Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and ...
المجهر الإلكتروني بالتبريد
Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological ...
التصوير المقطعي بالمجهر الإلكتروني وإعادة بناء الجسيم الفردي
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron ...
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