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Chapter 1

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

القوانين والنظريات العلمية
القوانين والنظريات العلمية
Scientific Laws In science, a law is defined as a concise, verbal or mathematical, statement that summarizes a vast number of experimental observations. ...
الطريقة العلميّة
الطريقة العلميّة
Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To ...
تصنيف المادة حسب الحالة
تصنيف المادة حسب الحالة
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, ...
تصنيف المادة حسب التركيب
تصنيف المادة حسب التركيب
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and ...
الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للمادة
الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للمادة
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties. Physical Properties of Matter A physical property is ...
ماهي الطاقة؟
ماهي الطاقة؟
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from ...
القياس: الوحدات القياسية
القياس: الوحدات القياسية
Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...
القياس: الوحدات المشتقة
القياس: الوحدات المشتقة
The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...
عدم اليقين في القياس: الصِحّة والدقة
عدم اليقين في القياس: الصِحّة والدقة
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy ...
عدم اليقين في القياس:أدوات القراءة
عدم اليقين في القياس:أدوات القراءة
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such ...
عدم اليقين في القياس:أرقام هامّة
عدم اليقين في القياس:أرقام هامّة
All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a ...
تحليل الأبعاد
تحليل الأبعاد
Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach ...
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