المؤلفان بالشكر فيكتوريا كاربنتر للتعليق لها حاسم من هذا البروتوكول.

<ol>
	<li>Drake, L. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Aquaporin+gene+family+of+the+yellow+fever+mosquito,+Aedes+aegypti.">The Aquaporin gene family of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.</a> PloS one. 5, e15578 (2010).</li><li>Shepard, A. R., Jacobson, N., Clark, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Importance+of+quantitative+PCR+primer+location+for+short+interfering+RNA+efficacy+determination.">Importance of quantitative PCR primer location for short interfering RNA efficacy determination.</a> Analytical biochemistry. 344, 287-288 (2005).</li><li>Altschul, S. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gapped+BLAST+and+PSI-BLAST:+a+new+generation+of+protein+database+search+programs.">Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.</a> Nucleic acids research. 25, 3389-3402 (1997).</li><li>Garver, L., Dimopoulos, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protocol+for+RNAi+Assays+in+Adult+Mosquitoes+(A.+gambiae).">Protocol for RNAi Assays in Adult Mosquitoes (A. gambiae).</a> J. Vis. Exp. (5), e230 (2007).</li><li>Clements, A. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume+1+Development,+Nutrition,+and+Reproduction.">Volume 1 Development, Nutrition, and Reproduction.</a> The Biology of Mosquitoes. 2, (1992).</li><li>Hansen, I. A., Attardo, G. M., Park, J. H., Peng, Q., Raikhel, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Target+of+rapamycin-mediated+amino+acid+signaling+in+mosquito+anautogeny.">Target of rapamycin-mediated amino acid signaling in mosquito anautogeny.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101, 10626-10631 (2004).</li><li>Hansen, I. A., Attardo, G. M., Roy, S. G., Raikhel, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Target+of+rapamycin-dependent+activation+of+S6+kinase+is+a+central+step+in+the+transduction+of+nutritional+signals+during+egg+development+in+a+mosquito.">Target of rapamycin-dependent activation of S6 kinase is a central step in the transduction of nutritional signals during egg development in a mosquito.</a> The Journal of biological chemistry. 280, 20565-20572 (2005).</li><li>Pannabecker, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiology+of+the+Malpighian+Tubule.">Physiology of the Malpighian Tubule.</a> Annual review of entomology. 40, 493-510 (1995).</li><li>Dow, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+insights+into+Malpighian+tubule+function+from+functional+genomics.">New insights into Malpighian tubule function from functional genomics.</a> Comp Biochem Phys A. 150, S135 (2008).</li><li>Dow, J. A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insights+into+the+Malpighian+tubule+from+functional+genomics.">Insights into the Malpighian tubule from functional genomics.</a> Journal of Experimental Biology. 212, 435-445 (2009).</li><li>Lawson, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=VectorBase:+a+data+resource+for+invertebrate+vector+genomics.">VectorBase: a data resource for invertebrate vector genomics.</a> Nucleic acids research. 37, 583-587 (2009).</li><li>Beyenbach, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transport+mechanisms+of+diuresis+in+Malpighian+tubules+of+insects.">Transport mechanisms of diuresis in Malpighian tubules of insects.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 206 (Pt 21), 3845-3856 (2003).</li><li>Coast, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+recording+of+excretory+water+loss+from+Musca+domestica+using+a+flow-through+humidity+meter:+hormonal+control+of+diuresis.">Continuous recording of excretory water loss from Musca domestica using a flow-through humidity meter: hormonal control of diuresis.</a> Journal of insect physiology. 50, 455-468 (2004).</li><li>Kersch, C. N., Pietrantonio, P. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mosquito+Aedes+aegypti+(L.)+leucokinin+receptor+is+critical+for+in+vivo+fluid+excretion+post+blood+feeding.">Mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) leucokinin receptor is critical for in vivo fluid excretion post blood feeding.</a> FEBS letters. 585, 3507-3512 (2011).</li><li>Hays, A. R., Raikhel, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+protein+produced+by+the+vitellogenic+fat+body+and+accumulated+in+mosquito+oocytes.">A novel protein produced by the vitellogenic fat body and accumulated in mosquito oocytes.</a> Development Genes and Evolution. 199, 114-121 (1990).</li></ol>

ليس لدينا ما يكشف.

وقد تم تطوير بروتوكول رني المستخدمة في المختبر من Raikhel الكسندر في جامعة ريفرسايد في كاليفورنيا 6،7 و هو مماثل لبروتوكول نشرته جارفر وDimopoulos 4. ويمكن استخدام المنهج التجريبي هو مبين في هذا البروتوكول الفيديو لدراسة الجينات المسؤولة عن إدرار البول حشرة في ال?...

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><td> اسم الكاشف أو معدات </td><td> شركة </td><td> فهرس العدد </td><td> تعليقات </td></tr><tr><td> MEGAscript T7 كيت عالية الإنتاجية </td><td> Ambion، المؤتمر الوطني العراقي. </td><td> AM1334 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> PBS العازلة </td><td> سيغما الدريخ </td><td> P4417 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> البلاستيك أنابيب </td><td> بائع محلي </td><td></td><td> خ </td></tr><tr><td> 1 مل من البلاستيك ماصة معلومات سرية </td><td> VWR </td><td> 83007-376 </td><td> أزرق غيض </td></tr><tr><td> 1 مل حقنة </td><td> بيكتون، ديكنسون، وشركة </td><td> 309602 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> مقص </td><td> بائع محلي </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> إبرة معدنية </td><td> ولاية كارولينا البيولوجية </td><td> 654307 </TD&gt; <td> الحجم 5 </td></tr><tr><td> تطير وسادة </td><td> جينيسي العلمية </td><td> 789060 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> بطارية تعمل بالطاقة الشافطة ث / جمع قارورة </td><td> UPMA مختبرات </td><td> IPMM 2000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> ملقط طرف غرامة </td><td> الآلات الدقيقة العالم </td><td> 14095 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> الإبر زجاج الشعرية </td><td> الآلات الدقيقة العالم </td><td> 1B200-6 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> تشريح ستيريو المجهر </td><td> لايكا مايكروسيستمز </td><td> S6D </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> التحليلية دقة التوازن </td><td> Mettler توليدو </td><td> AB54S </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> سكر القصب </td><td> سيغما الدريخ </td><td> 84097 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> مشمع نصف لتر واحد كوب من الورق المقوى واصطف </td><td> بائع محلي </td><td></td><td> كوب حساء تصنيعها </td></tr><tr><td> شبكة صافي </td><td> بائع محلي </td><td></td><td> البلاستيك ذبابة الشاش </td></tr></tbody></table>

rnai-mediated gene knockdown and in vivo diuresis assay in adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes

هذا الفيديو يشرح بروتوكول تقنية فعالة لضربة قاضية جين معين في حشرة وإجراء الاختبار الأحيائي رواية لقياس معدل الإفراز. ويمكن استخدام هذه الطريقة للحصول على فهم أفضل لعملية إدرار البول في الحشرات ويكون مفيدا بشكل خاص في دراسة إدرار البول في الدم والتغذية المفصليات التي تكون قادرة على حمل كميات كبيرة من السوائل في وجبة دم واحدة. وقد تم تطوير هذا الجين رني ضربة قاضية بوساطة مقترنة في فحص إدرار البول المجراة من قبل مختبر هانسن إلى دراسة آثار رني بوساطة ضربة قاضية للجينات aquaporin على إدرار البول الزاعجة البعوض بعوض 1. البروتوكول هو الإعداد في جزأين: أول مظاهرة يوضح كيفية بناء حقن البعوض جهاز بسيط، وكيفية تحضير وحقن الرنا المزدوج الجديلة في الصدر من البعوض لضربة قاضية الجينات [رني بوساطة. المظاهرة الثانية يوضح كيفية تحديدمعدلات إفراز في البعوض باستخدام الأحيائي في الجسم الحي.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes at JoVE.com

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

في هذا البروتوكول ما جمعنا رني بوساطة إسكات الجينات مع<em&gt; في الجسم الحي</em&gt; فحص إدرار البول لدراسة آثار ضربة قاضية للجينات من لديه مصلحة في إفراز السائل البعوض.

رني ضربة قاضية بوساطة الجينات و<em&gt; في الجسم الحي</em&gt; فحص إدرار البول في الإناث البالغات<em&gt; الزاعجة المصرية</em&gt; البعوض

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion ...

rnai-mediated-gene-knockdown-vivo-diuresis-assay-adult-female-aedes

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Biology

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

13.5K Views.  New Mexico State University. في هذا البروتوكول ما جمعنا رني بوساطة إسكات الجينات مع في الجسم الحي فحص إدرار البول لدراسة آثار ضربة قاضية للجينات من لديه مصلحة في إفراز السائل البعوض.

Video: RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Injection of dsRNA into Female A. aegypti Mosquitos

Reverse genetic approaches have proven extremely useful for determining  which genes underly resistance to vector pathogens in mosquitoes.  This video protocol illustrates a method used by the James lab to inject dsRNA into female A. aegypti mosquitoes, which harbor the dengue virus.  The technique for calibrating injection needles, manipulating the injection setup, and injecting dsRNA into the thorax is illustrated.

Reverse genetic approaches have proven extremely useful for determining which genes underly resistance to vector pathogens in mosquitoes. This video protocol illustrates a method used by the James lab to inject dsRNA into female A. aegypti mosquitoes, which harbor the dengue virus. The technique for calibrating injection needles, manipulating the injection setup, and injecting dsRNA into the thorax is illustrated.

حقن الرنا المزدوج الجديلة الى انثى البعوض بعوض A.

Reverse genetic approaches have proven extremely useful for determining  which genes underly resistance to vector pathogens in mosquitoes.  This video ...

Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever.  The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever. The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

Microinjection الجنين بعوض ألف الحصول على البعوض المعدلة وراثيا

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue ...

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of the virus in the mosquito tissues. This protocol is routinely used for studying mosquito-virus interactions, especially for identification of novel host factors that are able to determine vector competence. The entire experiment must be conducted in a BSL2 laboratory. Similar to Plasmodium falciparum infections, proper attire including gloves and lab coat must be worn at all times. After the experiment, all the materials that came in contact with the virus need to be treated with 75% ethanol and bleached before proceeding with normal washing. All other materials need to be autoclaved before discarding them.

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes A. aegypti and Infection Phenotype Determination

Once a gene is identified as potentially refractory for the dengue virus, it must be evaluated for it's role in preventing viral infections within the mosquito. This protocol illustrates how the extent of dengue infections of mosquitoes can be assayed. The techniques for growing up the virus in culture, membrane feeding mosquitoes human blood, and assaying viral titers in the mosquito midgut are demonstrated.

بروتوكول للعدوى حمى الضنك في البعوض (بعوض ألف) ، وتحديد النمط الظاهري العدوى

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of ...

Dissection of Midgut and Salivary Glands from Ae. aegypti Mosquitoes

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol demonstrates dissection techniques for removal of the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. 



The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for vector pathogens like Plasmodium falciparum and the dengue virus. This video demonstrates the dissection techniques for removing the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

تشريح الغدد اللعابية والمعي المتوسط ​​من AE. بعوض البعوض

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol ...

RNAi Mediated Gene Knockdown and Transgenesis by Microinjection in the Necromenic Nematode Pristionchus pacificus

Although it is increasingly affordable for emerging model organisms to obtain completely sequenced genomes, further in-depth gene function and expression analyses by RNA interference and stable transgenesis remain limited in many species due to the particular anatomy and molecular cellular biology of the organism. For example, outside of the crown group Caenorhabditis that includes Caenorhabditis elegans3, stably transmitted transgenic lines in non-Caenorhabditis species have not been reported in this specious phylum (Nematoda), with the exception of Strongyloides stercoralis4 and Pristionchus pacificus5. To facilitate the expanding role of P. pacificus in the study of development, evolution, and behavior6-7, we describe here the current methods to use microinjection for making transgenic animals and gene knock down by RNAi. Like the gonads of C. elegans and most other nematodes, the gonads of P. pacificus is syncitial and capable of incorporating DNA and RNA into the oocytes when delivered by direct microinjection. Unlike C. elegans however, stable transgene inheritance and somatic expression in P. pacificus requires the addition of self genomic DNA digested with endonucleases complementary to the ends of target transgenes and coinjection markers5. The addition of carrier genomic DNA is similar to the requirement for transgene expression in Strongyloides stercoralis4 and in the germ cells of C. elegans. However, it is not clear if the specific requirement for the animals' own genomic DNA is because P. pacificus soma is very efficient at silencing non-complex multi-copy genes or that extrachromosomal arrays in P. pacificus require genomic sequences for proper kinetochore assembly during mitosis. The ventral migration of the two-armed (didelphic) gonads in hermaphrodites further complicates the ability to inject both gonads in individual worms8. We also demonstrate the use of microinjection to knockdown a dominant mutant (roller,tu92) by injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the gonads to obtain non-rolling F1 progeny. Unlike C. elegans, but like most other nematodes, P. pacificus PS312 is not receptive to systemic RNAi via feeding and soaking and therefore dsRNA must be administered by microinjection into the syncitial gonads. In this current study, we hope to describe the microinjection process needed to transform a Ppa-egl-4 promoter::GFP fusion reporter and knockdown a dominant roller prl-1 (tu92) mutant in a visually informative protocol.

RNAi Mediated Gene Knockdown and Transgenesis by Microinjection in the Necromenic Nematode Pristionchus pacificus

In model organisms, transgenesis can manipulate gene functions while RNAi can knockdown specific mRNA transcripts 1-2. This protocol aims to illustrate the techniques needed to introduce stably transmitted DNA and transient double stranded RNA into the necromenic nematode Pristionchus pacificus for studies in evolutionary, developmental, and behavioral biology.

وساطة رني ضربة قاضية بواسطة الجينات وTransgenesis Microinjection في نيماتودا Necromenic Pristionchus pacificus</em

Although it is increasingly affordable for emerging model organisms to obtain completely sequenced genomes, further in-depth gene function and expression ...

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the messagefor review see 1. However, it's now widely accepted that synonymous codon usage is the primary cause of non-uniform translational elongation rates1. Synonymous codons are not used with identical frequency. A bias exists in the use of synonymous codons with some codons used more frequently than others2. Codon bias is organism as well as tissue specific2,3. Moreover, frequency of codon usage is directly proportional to the concentrations of cognate tRNAs4. Thus, a frequently used codon will have higher multitude of corresponding tRNAs, which further implies that a frequent codon will be translated faster than an infrequent one. Thus, regions on mRNA enriched in rare codons (potential pause sites) will as a rule slow down ribosome movement on the message and cause accumulation of nascent peptides of the respective sizes5-8. These pause sites can have functional impact on the protein expression, mRNA stability and protein foldingfor review see 9. Indeed, it was shown that alleviation of such pause sites can alter ribosome movement on mRNA and subsequently may affect the efficiency of co-translational (in vivo) protein folding1,7,10,11. To understand the process of protein folding in vivo, in the cell, that is ultimately coupled to the process of protein synthesis it is essential to gain comprehensive insights into the impact of codon usage/tRNA content on the movement of ribosomes along mRNA during translational elongation.
Here we describe a simple technique that can be used to locate major translation pause sites for a given mRNA translated in various cell-free systems6-8. This procedure is based on isolation of nascent polypeptides accumulating on ribosomes during in vitro translation of a target mRNA. The rationale is that at low-frequency codons, the increase in the residence time of the ribosomes results in increased amounts of nascent peptides of the corresponding sizes. In vitro transcribed mRNA is used for in vitro translational reactions in the presence of radioactively labeled amino acids to allow the detection of the nascent chains. In order to isolate ribosome bound nascent polypeptide complexes the translation reaction is layered on top of 30% glycerol solution followed by centrifugation. Nascent polypeptides in polysomal pellet are further treated with ribonuclease A and resolved by SDS PAGE. This technique can be potentially used for any protein and allows analysis of ribosome movement along mRNA and the detection of the major pause sites. Additionally, this protocol can be adapted to study factors and conditions that can alter ribosome movement and thus potentially can also alter the function/conformation of the protein.

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

A technique to identify translational pause sites on mRNA is described. This procedure is based on isolation of nascent polypeptides accumulating on ribosomes during in vitro translation of a target mRNA, followed by the size analysis of the nascent chains using a denaturing gel electrophoresis.

عزلة البروتينية ريبوسوم الوليدة منضم<em&gt; في المختبر</em&gt; لتحديد المواقع وقفة بالحركة على طول مرنا

The rate of translational elongation is non-uniform. mRNA secondary structure, codon usage and mRNA associated proteins may alter ribosome movement on the ...

Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides

Extensive research has provided ample evidences suggesting that protein folding in the cell is a co-translational process1-5. However, the exact pathway that polypeptide chain follows during co-translational folding to achieve its functional form is still an enigma. In order to understand this process and to determine the exact conformation of the co-translational folding intermediates, it is essential to develop techniques that allow the isolation of RNCs carrying nascent chains of predetermined sizes to allow their further structural analysis.
SecM (secretion monitor) is a 170 amino acid E. coli protein that regulates expression of the downstream SecA (secretion driving) ATPase in the secM-secA operon6. Nakatogawa and Ito originally found that a 17 amino acid long sequence (150-FSTPVWISQAQGIRAGP-166) in the C-terminal region of the SecM protein is sufficient and necessary to cause stalling of SecM elongation at Gly165, thereby producing peptidyl-glycyl-tRNA stably bound to the ribosomal P-site7-9. More importantly, it was found that this 17 amino acid long sequence can be fused to the C-terminus of virtually any full-length and/or truncated protein thus allowing the production of RNCs carrying nascent chains of predetermined sizes7. Thus, when fused or inserted into the target protein, SecM stalling sequence produces arrest of the polypeptide chain elongation and generates stable RNCs both in vivo in E. coli cells and in vitro in a cell-free system. Sucrose gradient centrifugation is further utilized to isolate RNCs.
The isolated RNCs can be used to analyze structural and functional features of the co-translational folding intermediates. Recently, this technique has been successfully used to gain insights into the structure of several ribosome bound nascent chains10,11. Here we describe the isolation of bovine Gamma-B Crystallin RNCs fused to SecM and generated in an in vitro translation system.

We describe here a technique that is now routinely used to isolate stably bound ribosome nascent chain complexes (RNCs). This technique takes advantage of the discovery that a 17 amino acid long SecM "arrest sequence" can halt translation elongation in a prokaryotic (E. coli) system, when inserted into (or fused to the C-terminus) of virtually any protein.

باستخدام SecM تسلسل توقيف كأداة لعزل البروتينية منضم ريبوسوم

Extensive research has provided ample evidences suggesting that protein folding in the cell is a co-translational process1-5. However, the exact pathway ...

In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice

This report describes a step-by-step guide to the technique of acute intrathecal needle injections in a noninvasive manner, i.e. independent of catheter implantation. The technical limitation of this surgical technique lies in the finesse of the hands. The injection is rapid, especially for a trained experimenter, and since tissue disruption with this technique is minimal, repeated injections are possible; moreover immune reaction to foreign tools (e.g. catheter) does not occur, thereby giving a better and more specific read out of spinal cord modulation. Since the application of the substance is largely limited to the target region of the spinal cord, drugs do not need to be applied in large dosages, and more importantly unwanted effects on other tissue, as observed with a systemic delivery, could be circumvented1,2. Moreover, we combine this technique with in vivo transfection of nucleic acid with the help of polyethylenimine (PEI) reagent3, which provides tremendous versatility for studying spinal functions via delivery of pharmacological agents as well as gene, RNA, and protein modulators.

In Vivo SiRNA Transfection and Gene Knockdown in Spinal Cord via Rapid Noninvasive Lumbar Intrathecal Injections in Mice

This report describes a simple and rapid technique of intrathecal needle puncture for a localized transfection of siRNA in the lumbar spinal cord in mouse under short lasting light anesthesia.

في فيفو سيرنا ترنسفكأيشن والجينات ضربة قاضية في الحبل الشوكي عن طريق السريع موسع قطني داخل القراب الحقن في الفئران

This report describes a step-by-step guide to the technique of acute intrathecal needle injections in a noninvasive manner, i.e. independent of catheter ...

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect fat body tissue is usually distributed throughout the insect body. However, it is often concentrated in the abdomen and attached to the abdominal body wall.
The mosquito fat body is the sole source of yolk proteins, which are critical for egg production. Therefore, the in vitro culture of mosquito fat body tissues represents an important system for the study of mosquito physiology, metabolism, and, ultimately, egg production. The fat body culture process begins with the preparation of solutions and reagents, including amino acid stock solutions, Aedes physiological saline salt stock solution (APS), calcium stock solution, and fat body culture medium. The process continues with fat body dissection, followed by an experimental treatment. After treatment, a variety of different analyses can be performed, including RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), qPCR, Western blots, proteomics, and metabolomics.
In our example experiment, we demonstrate the protocol through the excision and culture of fat bodies from the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a principal vector of arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. RNA from fat bodies cultured under a physiological condition known to upregulate yolk proteins versus the control were subject to RNA-Seq analysis to demonstrate the potential utility of this procedure for investigations of gene expression.

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

The fat body is the central metabolic organ in insects. We present a live organ culture system that enables the user to study the responses of isolated fat body tissue to various stimuli.

الجسم الدهون نظام الثقافة الجهاز في بعوض الزاعجة المصرية، ناقل للفيروس Zika

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect ...

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes can be released into the field to either reduce population sizes through incompatible matings or to transform populations with mosquitoes that are refractory to virus transmission. For these strategies to succeed, the mosquitoes released into the field from the laboratory must be competitive with native mosquitoes. However, maintaining mosquitoes in the laboratory can result in inbreeding, genetic drift and laboratory adaptation which can reduce their fitness in the field and may confound the results of experiments. To test the suitability of different Wolbachia infections for deployment in the field, it is necessary to maintain mosquitoes in a controlled laboratory environment across multiple generations. We describe a simple protocol for maintaining Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the laboratory, which is suitable for both Wolbachia-infected and wild-type mosquitoes. The methods minimize laboratory adaptation and implement outcrossing to increase the relevance of experiments to field mosquitoes. Additionally, colonies are maintained under optimal conditions to maximize their fitness for open field releases.

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia are being released into natural populations to suppress the transmission of arboviruses. We describe methods to rear Ae. aegypti with Wolbachia infections in the laboratory for experiments and field release, taking precautions to minimize laboratory adaptation and selection.

الحفاظ على بعوض الزاعجة المصرية "البعوض مصابة" ولبخيه

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, ...