Name: Video: Video-oculography in Mice
Uploaded: 2012-07-19T12:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 43 s

نشكر يرجى منظمة هولندا للبحوث الصحية والتنمية (MDJ، CDZ)، ومنظمة هولندا للبحث العلمي (CDZ)، NeuroBasic (CDZ)، بياتريس فون Prinses (CDZ)، وSENSOPAC (CDZ)، C7 (CDZ) و و(CDZ) CEREBNET برنامج الجماعة الأوروبية على دعمها المالي.

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+purpose+of+eye+movements.">The purpose of eye movements.</a> Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 17, 835 (1978).</li><li>Stahl, J. S., van Alphen, A. M., De Zeeuw, C. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+video+and+magnetic+search+coil+recordings+of+mouse+eye+movements.">A comparison of video and magnetic search coil recordings of mouse eye movements.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 99, 101 (2000).</li><li>De Zeeuw, C. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+a+protein+kinase+C+inhibitor+in+Purkinje+cells+blocks+cerebellar+LTD+and+adaptation+of+the+vestibulo-ocular+reflex.">Expression of a protein kinase C inhibitor in Purkinje cells blocks cerebellar LTD and adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.</a> Neuron. 20, 495 (1998).</li><li>Picciotto, M. R., Wickman, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+knockout+and+transgenic+mice+to+study+neurophysiology+and+behavior.">Using knockout and transgenic mice to study neurophysiology and behavior.</a> Physiol. Rev. 78, 1131 (1998).</li><li>Oommen, B. S., Stahl, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eye+orientation+during+static+tilts+and+its+relationship+to+spontaneous+head+pitch+in+the+laboratory+mouse.">Eye orientation during static tilts and its relationship to spontaneous head pitch in the laboratory mouse.</a> Brain. Res. 1193, 57 (2008).</li><li>Stahl, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calcium+Channelopathy+Mutants+and+Their+Role+in+Ocular+Motor.">Calcium Channelopathy Mutants and Their Role in Ocular Motor.</a> Research. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 956, 64 (2002).</li><li>Stahl, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eye+movements+of+the+murine+P/Q+calcium+channel+mutant+tottering,+and+the+impact+of+aging.">Eye movements of the murine P/Q calcium channel mutant tottering, and the impact of aging.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 95, 1588 (2006).</li><li>Andreescu, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estradiol+improves+cerebellar+memory+formation+by+activating+estrogen+receptor+beta.">Estradiol improves cerebellar memory formation by activating estrogen receptor beta.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 27, 10832 (2007).</li><li>Katoh, A., Kitazawa, H., Itohara, S., Nagao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+characteristics+and+adaptability+of+mouse+vestibulo-ocular+and+optokinetic+response+eye+movements+and+the+role+of+the+flocculo-olivary+system+revealed+by+chemical+lesions.">Dynamic characteristics and adaptability of mouse vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic response eye movements and the role of the flocculo-olivary system revealed by chemical lesions.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 7705 (1998).</li><li>Stahl, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+eye+movements+to+assess+brain+function+in+mice.">Using eye movements to assess brain function in mice.</a> Vision Res. 44, 3401 (2004).</li><li>Koekkoek, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gain+adaptation+and+phase+dynamics+of+compensatory+eye+movements+in+mice.">Gain adaptation and phase dynamics of compensatory eye movements in mice.</a> Genes Funct. 1, 175 (1997).</li><li>Faulstich, B. M., Onori, K. A., du Lac, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+plasticity+and+development+of+mouse+optokinetic+and+vestibulo-ocular+reflexes+suggests+differential+gain+control+mechanisms.">Comparison of plasticity and development of mouse optokinetic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes suggests differential gain control mechanisms.</a> Vision Res. 44, 3419 (2004).</li><li>Koekkoek, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gain+adaptation+and+phase+dynamics+of+compensatory+eye+movements+in+mice.">Gain adaptation and phase dynamics of compensatory eye movements in mice.</a> Genes Funct. 1, 175 (1997).</li></ol>

الإعلان عن أي تضارب في المصالح.

من أجل الحصول على فيديو عالي الجودة حركات العين التسجيلات في الفئران عدة متطلبات ضرورية. إجراء معايرة يحتاج إلى أن يقوم في المسألة الموحدة المذكورة أعلاه. على سبيل المثال خارج مركز المعايرة، وعندما لا يتم وضع التلميذ في خط الوسط العمودي مع CR إشارة أثناء إجراء معايرة، وسوف يؤدي إلى التقليل من البرنامج العادي، وبالتالي المبالغة في تقدير حركة العين. وعلاوة على ذلك، فإننا نوصي دمج تصحيح حجم طريقة التلميذ في إجراء معايرة 12، بسبب المحاكمات التي تظهر حجم تلميذ مستقر جدا نادرة جدا. ويمكن حتى الضغوطات الصغيرة أثناء المحاكمة تغير بالفعل القطر التلميذ إلى حد كبير. عند تصميم تجربة حركة العين، والعوامل التالية يجب أن تؤخذ بعين الاعتبار أو يسيطر عليها لأنه من المعروف أنها تؤثر في استجابة حركة العين: عمر 13،18 والمساواة بين الجنسين 14 و سلالة 15،16، 19. وعلاوة على ذلك، ينبغي أن يكون على حيوانات التجارب القزحيات المصطبغة منذ اكتشاف تلميذ وتتبع المستحيل عندما التناقض بين التلميذ وقزحية منخفضة جدا، مثل الماوس في BALB / ج. الحيوانات العصبي أو القلق للغاية بحاجة إلى تدريب، وذلك قبل التجربة، لتعتاد على مجموعة تجريبية حتى وحالة ضبط النفس. هذا الحيوان التعامل مع نتائج الإجراء في أقل إغلاق أو شبه إغلاق، من وجهة نظر ويمنع جيل من السوائل العين خلال التجربة، وبالتالي يتم إنجاز للتعقب أفضل تلميذ. أخيرا، والحصول على وتحليل البيانات يتطلب ساعتين الى ثلاث ساعات لكل حيوان. ولذلك، فإن تسجيلات حركة العين المرجح أن تظل إجراءات محددة تطبق على الفئران المختارة وغير مناسبة على انها اختبار سرعة فحص عالية.

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><td> اسم كاشف </td><td> شركة </td><td> فهرس العدد </td></tr><tr><td> Isofluran </td><td> RHODIA Organique الجميلة المحدودة </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> التدفئة وسادة </td><td> FHC </td><td> 40-90-8 </td></tr><tr><td> Duratears </td><td> ألكون </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> حامض الفوسفوريك هلام </td><td> كير </td><td> 31297 </td></tr><tr><td> Optibond رئيس الوزراء </td><td> كير </td><td> 35369 </td></tr><tr><td> Optibond لاصق </td><td> كير </td><td> 35369 </td></tr><tr><td> الكاريزما مركب </td><td> هيراوس Kulzer </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> ماكسيما 480 وحدة المعالجة ضوء </td><td> هنري شين </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> سي التي تسيطر عليها محرك سيرفو </td><td> متناسق محرك AG </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> سيلindric الشاشة </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> ضوء الهالوجين (20 W) </td><td> RS مكونات </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> الجهد (الدقة) </td><td> Bourns المؤتمر الوطني العراقي. </td><td> 6574 </td></tr><tr><td> قوة 1401 (I / O واجهة) </td><td> CED محدود </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> أجهزة الكمبيوتر </td><td> ديل </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> الأشعة تحت الحمراء emmitters </td><td> RS مكونات </td><td> 195-451 </td></tr><tr><td> ETL-200 </td><td> ISCAN </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> عدسة التكبير (زوم 6000) </td><td> Navitar المؤتمر الوطني العراقي. </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pilocarpinenitrate (قطرات) </td><td> مختبر شوفان </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

video-oculography in mice

حركات العين مهمة جدا من أجل تعقب كائن أو لتحقيق الاستقرار في صورة على شبكية العين أثناء الحركة. الحيوانات بدون النقرة، مثل الماوس، لديها قدرة محدودة على قفل عيونهم على هدف. وعلى النقيض من هذه الحركات هدف العين الموجهة، وبسهولة التعويضية حركات العين في العين أثارت في الحيوانات afoveate 1،2،3،4. يتم إنشاء حركات العين التعويضية عن طريق معالجة المعلومات الدهليزي وoptokinetic إلى إشارة القيادة من شأنها أن تدفع عضلات العين. ويمكن التحقيق في معالجة المعلومات الدهليزي وoptokinetic على حدة ومعا، والسماح للمواصفات وجود عجز في النظام المحرك للعين. ويمكن اختبار النظام المحرك للعين عن طريق استحضار 1 منعكس optokinetic (OKR)، الدهليزي العيني لا ارادي (VOR) أو بصريا محسنة الدهليزي العيني لا ارادي (VVOR). وOKR هي حركة لا ارادي أن يعوض عن &quot;كامل الحقل&quot; حركات الصورة على شبكية العين، في حين أن VOR هو م عين لا اراديovement أن يعوض حركات الرأس. وVVOR هي حركة العين العاكسة التي تستخدم على حد سواء الدهليزي، فضلا عن معلومات optokinetic لجعل التعويض المناسب. المخيخ تراقب وقادرة على ضبط هذه حركات العين التعويضية. ولذلك، oculography هو أداة قوية جدا للتحقيق في الدماغ والسلوك في ظل علاقة طبيعية، وكذلك في ظل ظروف مرضية (FE من العين، دهليزي و / أو الأصل المخيخ). اختبار النظام المحرك للعين، كنموذج السلوكية، والمثير للاهتمام لأسباب عدة. أولا، نظام المحرك للعين هو نظام مفهومة جيدا العصبية 5. ثانيا، نظام المحرك للعين هو 6 بسيط النسبية؛ يقتصر كمية من حركة العين ممكن من الهندسة المعمارية الكرة في المقابس لها (&quot;مشترك واحد&quot;) وثلاثة ازواج من خارج العين العضلات 7. الثالث، يمكن بسهولة إخراج السلوكية والمدخلات الحسية يمكن قياسها، مما يجعل هذا النظام للوصول للغاية لكميتحليل 8. اختبارات سلوكية كثيرة تفتقر إلى هذا المستوى المرتفع من القوة الكمية. وأخيرا، يمكن اختبار كل من الأداء، فضلا عن ليونة من النظام المحرك للعين، مما يسمح للبحث عن التعلم والذاكرة العمليات 9. الفئران المعدلة وراثيا هي في الوقت الحاضر على نطاق واسع، وأنها تشكل مصدرا مهما لاستكشاف وظائف المخ على مختلف المستويات 10. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن استخدامها كنماذج لتقليد الأمراض التي تصيب الإنسان. تطبيق oculography على طبيعي، المعالجة الدوائية أو الفئران المعدلة وراثيا هي أداة بحث قوية لاستكشاف علم وظائف الأعضاء الكامنة وراء السلوك الحركي في الظروف العادية والمرضية. هنا، نحن تصف كيفية قياس الفيديو oculography في الفئران 8.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Video-oculography in Mice at JoVE.com

Video-oculography in Mice

الفيديو oculography هو أسلوب كمي جدا للتحقيق في بصري الأداء الحركي، فضلا عن التعلم الحركي. هنا، نحن تصف كيفية قياس الفيديو oculography في الفئران. تطبيق هذه التقنية على طبيعي، علاج دواء أو الفئران المعدلة وراثيا هي أداة بحث قوية لاستكشاف علم وظائف الأعضاء الكامنة وراء السلوكيات الحركية.

الفيديو oculography في الفئران

Eye movements are very important in order to track an object or to stabilize an image on the retina during movement. Animals without a fovea, such as the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

23.6K Views.  Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. الفيديو oculography هو أسلوب كمي جدا للتحقيق في بصري الأداء الحركي، فضلا عن التعلم الحركي. هنا، نحن تصف كيفية قياس الفيديو oculography في الفئران. تطبيق هذه التقنية على طبيعي، علاج دواء أو الفئران المعدلة وراثيا هي أداة بحث قوية لاستكشاف علم وظائف الأعضاء الكامنة وراء الس?...

Video: Video-oculography in Mice

Measuring Motor Coordination in Mice

Mice are increasingly being used in behavioral neuroscience, largely replacing rats as the behaviorist's animal of choice. Before aspects of behavior such as emotionality or cognition can be assessed, however, it is vital to determine whether the motor capabilities of e.g. a mutant or lesioned mouse allow such an assessment. Performance on a maze task requiring strength and coordination, such as the Morris water maze, might well be impaired in a mouse by motor, rather than cognitive, impairments, so it is essential to selectively dissect the latter from the former. For example, sensorimotor impairments caused by NMDA antagonists have been shown to impair water maze performance2. 
Motor coordination has traditionally been assessed in mice and rats by the rotarod test, in which the animal is placed on a horizontal rod that rotates about its long axis; the animal must walk forwards to remain upright and not fall off. Both set speed and accelerating versions of the rotarod are available.
The other three tests described in this article (horizontal bar, static rods and parallel bars) all measure coordination on static apparatus. The horizontal bar also requires strength for adequate performance, particularly of the forelimbs as the mouse initially grips the bar just with the front paws. 
Adult rats do not perform well on tests such as the static rods and parallel bars (personal observations); they appear less well coordinated than mice. I have only tested male rats, however, and male mice seem generally less well coordinated than females. Mice appear to have a higher strength:weight ratio than rats; the Latin name, Mus musculus, seems entirely appropriate. The rotarod, the variations of the foot fault test12 or the Catwalk (Noldus)15 apparatus are generally used to assess motor coordination in rats.

Protocols are presented for two established motor coordination tasks, the accelerating rotarod and horizontal bar, also two tests developed in Oxford recently, the static rods and parallel bars. These tests can detect motor impairments potentially of interest in their own right, as well as being possible variables in tests of other areas of behavior.

قياس التناسق الحركي في الفئران

Mice are increasingly being used in behavioral neuroscience, largely replacing rats as the behaviorist's animal of choice. Before aspects of behavior such ...

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Cold hypersensitivity is a serious clinical problem, affecting a broad subset of patients and causing significant decreases in quality of life. The cold plantar assay allows the objective and inexpensive assessment of cold sensitivity in mice, and can quantify both analgesia and hypersensitivity. Mice are acclimated on a glass plate, and a compressed dry ice pellet is held against the glass surface underneath the hindpaw. The latency to withdrawal from the cooling glass is used as a measure of cold sensitivity.
Cold sensation is also important for survival in regions with seasonal temperature shifts, and in order to maintain sensitivity animals must be able to adjust their thermal response thresholds to match the ambient temperature. The Cold Plantar Assay (CPA) also allows the study of adaptation to changes in ambient temperature by testing the cold sensitivity of mice at temperatures ranging from 30 &#176;C to 5 &#176;C. Mice are acclimated as described above, but the glass plate is cooled to the desired starting temperature using aluminum boxes (or aluminum foil packets) filled with hot water, wet ice, or dry ice. The temperature of the plate is measured at the center using a filament T-type thermocouple probe. Once the plate has reached the desired starting temperature, the animals are tested as described above.
This assay allows testing of mice at temperatures ranging from innocuous to noxious. The CPA yields unambiguous and consistent behavioral responses in uninjured mice and can be used to quantify both hypersensitivity and analgesia. This protocol describes how to use the CPA to measure cold hypersensitivity, analgesia, and adaptation in mice.

The Cold Plantar Assay (CPA) measures cold responsiveness between 30 &#176;C and 5 &#176;C, and can also measure cold adaptation. This protocol describes how to use the CPA to measure cold hypersensitivity, analgesia, and adaptation in mice.

طريقة بسيطة وغير مكلفة لتحديد الباردة الحساسية والتكيف في الفئران

Cold hypersensitivity is a serious clinical problem, affecting a broad subset of patients and causing significant decreases in quality of life.  The cold ...

Assessment of Dopaminergic Homeostasis in Mice by Use of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Synaptosomal Dopamine Uptake

Dopamine (DA) is a modulatory neurotransmitter controlling motor activity, reward processes and cognitive function. Impairment of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurotransmission is strongly associated with several central nervous system-associated diseases such as Parkinson&#39;s disease, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and drug addiction1,2,3,4. Delineating disease mechanisms involving DA imbalance is critically dependent on animal models to mimic aspects of the diseases, and thus protocols that assess specific parts of the DA homeostasis are important to provide novel insights and possible therapeutic targets for these diseases.
Here, we present two useful experimental protocols that when combined provide a functional read-out of the DAergic system in mice. Biochemical and functional parameters on DA homeostasis are obtained through assessment of DA levels and dopamine transporter (DAT) functionality5. When investigating the DA system, the ability to reliably measure endogenous levels of DA from adult brain is essential. Therefore, we present how to perform high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on brain tissue from mice to determine levels of DA. We perform the experiment on tissue from dorsal striatum (dStr) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), but the method is also suitable for other DA-innervated brain areas.
DAT is essential for reuptake of DA into the presynaptic terminal, thereby controlling the temporal and spatial activity of released DA. Knowing the levels and functionality of DAT in the striatum is of major importance when assessing DA homeostasis. Here, we provide a protocol that allows to simultaneously deduce information on surface levels and function using a synaptosomal6 DA uptake assay.
Current methods combined with standard immunoblotting protocols provide the researcher with relevant tools to characterize the DAergic system.

Synaptosomal dopamine uptake and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis represent experimental tools to investigate dopamine homeostasis in mice by assessing the function of the dopamine transporter and levels of dopamine in striatal tissue, respectively. Here we present protocols to measure dopamine tissue content and assess the functionality of the dopamine transporter.

تقييم التوازن تتميز في الفئران باستخدام التحليل اللوني السائل عالي الأداء وامتصاص الدوبامين سينابتوسومال

Dopamine (DA) is a modulatory neurotransmitter controlling motor activity, reward processes and cognitive function. Impairment of dopaminergic (DAergic) ...

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Olfaction is the predominant sensory modality in mice and influences many important behaviors, including foraging, predator detection, mating, and parenting. Importantly, mice can be trained to associate novel odors with specific behavioral responses to provide insight into olfactory circuit function. This protocol details the procedure for training mice on a Go/No-Go operant learning task. In this approach, mice are trained on hundreds of automated trials daily for 2&#8211;4 weeks and can then be tested on novel Go/No-Go odor pairs to assess olfactory discrimination, or be used for studies on how odor learning alters the structure or function of the olfactory circuit. Additionally, the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) features ongoing integration of adult-born neurons. Interestingly, olfactory learning increases both the survival and synaptic connections of these adult-born neurons. Therefore, this protocol can be combined with other biochemical, electrophysiological, and imaging techniques to study learning and activity-dependent factors that mediate neuronal survival and plasticity.

Here, we train mice on an associative learning task to test odor discrimination. This protocol also allows for studies on learning-induced structural changes in the brain.

إجراء اختبار موضوعي واستنساخه من التعلم حاسة الشم والتمييز في الفئران

Olfaction is the predominant sensory modality in mice and influences many important behaviors, including foraging, predator detection, mating, and ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for several neuropsychiatric diseases. The biological effects of tDCS are not fully understood, which is in part explained due to the difficulty in obtaining human brain tissue. This protocol describes a tDCS mouse model that uses a chronically implanted electrode allowing the study of the long-lasting biological effects of tDCS. In this experimental model, tDCS changes the cortical gene expression and offers a prominent contribution to the understanding of the rationale for its therapeutic use.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a therapeutic technique proposed to treat psychiatric diseases. An animal model is essential for understanding the specific biological alterations evoked by tDCS. This protocol describes a tDCS mouse model that uses a chronically implanted electrode.

Transcranial التحفيز التيار المباشر (تدكس) في الفئران

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for ...

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a fluid found in the brain and the spinal cord, is of great importance to both basic and clinical science. The analysis of the CSF protein composition delivers crucial information in basic neuroscience research as well as neurological diseases. One caveat is that proteins measured in CSF may derive from both intrathecal synthesis and transudation from serum, and protein analysis of CSF can only determine the sum of these two components. To discriminate between protein transudation from the blood and intrathecally produced proteins in animal models as well as in humans, CSF protein profiling measurements using conventional protein analysis tools must include the calculation of the albumin CSF/serum quotient (Qalbumin), a marker of the integrity of the blood-brain interface (BBI), and the protein index (Qprotein/Qalbumin), an estimate of intrathecal protein synthesis. This protocol illustrates the entire procedure, from CSF and blood collection to quotients and indices calculations, for the quantitative measurement of intrathecal protein synthesis and BBI impairment in mouse models of neurological disorders.

Elevated spinal fluid protein levels can either be the result of diffusion of plasma protein across an altered blood-brain barrier or intrathecal synthesis. An optimized testing protocol is presented in this article that helps to discriminate both cases and provides quantitative measurements of intrathecally synthesized proteins.

القياس الكمي للبروتينات التركيبية داخل الفئران

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a fluid found in the brain and the spinal cord, is of great importance to both basic and clinical science. The analysis of the ...

Electrocorticographic Recording of Cerebral Cortex Areas Manipulated Using an Adeno-Associated Virus Targeting Cofilin in Mice

The use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in rodents is relevant to sleep research and to the study of a wide range of neurological conditions. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are increasingly used to improve understanding of brain circuits and their functions. The AAV-mediated manipulation of specific cell populations and/or of precise molecular components has been tremendously useful to identify new sleep regulatory circuits/molecules and key proteins contributing to the adverse effects of sleep loss. For instance, inhibiting activity of the filamentous actin-severing protein&#160;cofilin&#160;using AAV prevents sleep deprivation-induced memory impairment. Here, a protocol is&#160;described that combines the manipulation of cofilin function in a cerebral cortex area with the recording of ECoG activity to examine whether cortical cofilin modulates the wakefulness and sleep ECoG signals. AAV injection is performed during the same surgical procedure as the implantation of ECoG and electromyographic (EMG) electrodes in adult male and female mice. Mice are anesthetized, and their heads are shaved. After skin cleaning and incision, stereotaxic coordinates of the motor cortex are determined, and the skull is pierced at this location. A cannula prefilled with an AAV expressing cofilinS3D, an inactive form of cofilin, is slowly positioned in the cortical tissue. After AAV infusion, gold-covered screws (ECoG electrodes) are screwed through the skull and cemented to the skull with gold wires inserted in the neck muscles (EMG electrodes). The animals are allowed three weeks to recover and to ensure sufficient expression of cofilinS3D. The infected area and cell type are verified using immunohistochemistry, and the ECoG is analyzed using visual identification of vigilance states and spectral analysis. In summary, this combined methodological approach allows the investigation of the precise contribution of molecular components regulating neuronal morphology and connectivity to the regulation of synchronized cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and sleep.

This article describes a protocol for the manipulation of molecular targets in the cerebral cortex using adeno-associated viruses and for monitoring the effects of this manipulation during wakefulness and sleep using electrocorticographic recordings.

التسجيل الكهربائي لمناطق القشرة الدماغية التي تم التلاعب بها باستخدام فيروس مرتبط بال أدينو يستهدف كوفلين في الفئران

The use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in rodents is relevant to sleep research and to the study of a wide range of neurological conditions. ...

التسجيل الكهربي خارج الخلية في القشرة الحركية للفئران

Multichannel Extracellular Recording in Freely Moving Mice

The protocol aims to uncover the properties of neuronal firing and network local field potentials (LFPs) in behaving mice carrying out specific tasks by correlating the electrophysiological signals with spontaneous and/or specific behavior. This technique represents a valuable tool in studying the neuronal network activity underlying these behaviors. The article provides a detailed and complete procedure for electrode implantation and consequent extracellular recording in free-moving conscious mice. The study includes a detailed method for implanting the microelectrode arrays, capturing the LFP and neuronal spiking signals in the motor cortex (MC) using a multichannel system, and the subsequent offline data analysis. The advantage of multichannel recording in conscious animals is that a greater number of spiking neurons and neuronal subtypes can be obtained and compared, which allows the evaluation of the relationship between a specific behavior and the associated electrophysiological signals. Notably, the multichannel extracellular recording technique and the data analysis procedure described in the present study can be applied to other brain areas when conducting experiments in behaving mice.

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: التطورات في التسجيل خارج الخلية متعدد القنوات لدراسة النشاط العصبي في الفئران التي تتحرك بحرية 

The protocol describes the methodology of extracellular recording in the motor cortex (MC) to reveal extracellular electrophysiological properties in freely moving conscious mice, as well as the data analysis of local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes, which is useful for evaluating the network neural activity underlying behaviors of interest.

تسجيل متعدد القنوات خارج الخلية في الفئران المتحركة بحرية

The protocol aims to uncover the properties of neuronal firing and network local field potentials (LFPs) in behaving mice carrying out specific tasks by ...