The authors have no acknowledgements.

1. توليف CMP أغشية رقيقة من خلال إضافة متتابعة <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> أحادي الطبقة الذاتي تجميعها (SAM) functionalization من الذهب على الميكا. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إعداد 1 ملم حل 11 thioacetyl-undecane حمض propargyl أميد 14 في الإيثانول (SAM-الحل). مزيج باستخدام حمام بالموجات فوق الصوتية حتى حل واضح. حماية زجاجة من الضوء باستخدام رقائق الألومنيوم. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> الحصول على الذهب المطلي الميكا رقاقة تحت الأرجون. بعد الانسحاب من حاوية تخزين تزج الرقاقة الميكا مباشرة إلى SAM-حل لمدة 18 ساعة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> اتخاذ استعداد الاتحاد الافريقي الميكا ويفر من SAM-حل، وشطف مع الإيثانول والجافة تحت دفق النيتروجين. بعد ذلك تخزين الركيزة محمية من الضوء وتحت غاز خامل. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> حلول السلائف. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تزن 18.64 ملغ النحاس والمحفز (Tetrakis (الأسيتونتريل) النحاس (I) hexafluoro فوسفات)، 20.83 ملغ tetraphenylmethane (TPM) -alkyne و24،22 ملغ TPM-أزيد وملء كل عنصر في قارورة Schlenk منفصلة.انظر الشكل 1 لTPM-آلكاين وTPM-أزيد، يوصف التوليف في مرجع 15. إخلاء وإعادة ملء مع غاز خامل (N 2 أو الأرجون) 3 مرات. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إضافة 25 مل رباعي هيدرو الفوران خالية من المياه (THF) إلى كل قارورة Schlenk. حماية قوارير مع TPM-أزيد وTPM-آلكاين من الضوء باستخدام رقائق الألومنيوم. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إعداد الجهاز للCMP تلفيق. ملاحظة: يتم عرض الجهاز التوليف في الشكل 2. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> استخدام 250 مل واحد الرقبة أسفل جولة قارورة. ملء 130 مل THF. وضع الركيزة أعد المغلفة مع آلكاين إنهاء SAM في العينة المقصورة. استخدام صاحب العينة، بحيث الركيزة يقف منتصبا. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> توصيل الجهاز إلى خط Schlenk عبر مفرق على الجزء العلوي من برودة الجزر. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إخلاء وتهوية مع غاز خامل 3 مرات. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بالإضافة إلى ذلك متتابعة في ظل ظروف الخاملة. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ضبط سخان إلى 90 درجة مئوية، والانتظار حتى THF هو إعادةالصهر. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> السماح بها THF من حجرة العينة على منفذ في الجزء السفلي من العينة المقصورة. إغلاق منفذ. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> اعطاء 1 مل من محلول TPM-أزيد استعداد و 0.5 مل من محلول النحاس (I) حافزا لعينة مقصورة عبر سقف المسمار مع الحاجز. استخدام المحاقن مع إبرة مجوفة لنقل بالتسلسل الحلول من القارورة Schlenk إلى جهاز التفاعل. ملاحظة: تسلسل ليس له تأثير على رد الفعل. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> انتظر حوالي 30 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> السماح بها محلول التفاعل عبر منفذ في الجزء السفلي من العينة المقصورة. إغلاق منفذ وجمع THF المكثف للشطف العينة. انتظر حوالي 30 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يسمح له بالخروج الحل الشطف عبر منفذ في الجزء السفلي من العينة المقصورة. إغلاق منفذ. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> اعطاء 1 مل من حل TPM آلكاين استعداد و 0.5 مل من محلول النحاس (I) حافزا لعينة مقصورة عبر سقف المسمار مع الحاجز. استخدام المحاقن مع جوفاءإبرة لنقل بالتسلسل الحلول من القارورة Schlenk إلى جهاز التفاعل. ملاحظة: تسلسل ليس له تأثير على رد الفعل. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> انتظر حوالي 30 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> السماح بها محلول التفاعل عبر منفذ في الجزء السفلي من العينة المقصورة. إغلاق منفذ وجمع THF المكثف للشطف العينة. انتظر حوالي 30 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> كرر الخطوات من 1.4.3 إلى 1.4.9 حتى يتم الوصول إلى المبلغ المطلوب من طبقات. ملاحظة: طبقة واحدة هي حوالي 1 نانومتر سميكة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> اخراج الركيزة الميكا CMP المغلفة، وشطف مع THF، والإيثانول وجففه تحت تيار النيتروجين. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. نقل CMP Nanomembranes <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بولي (ميتاكريليت الميثيل) (PMMA) حل. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يعد حل من 4٪ (وزن) PMMA (M 996 كيلو دالتون) في خلات الإيثيل. حل PMMA استخدام حمام بالموجات فوق الصوتية حتى حل واضح. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تدور طلاء حل PMMA. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تعيين المغطي تدور لالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويديالنائب الساعة 10 ثانية من 0 إلى 4000 دورة في الدقيقة، وعقد غضون 40 ثانية، والمنحدر الوقت 10 ثانية من 4000 إلى 0 دورة في الدقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع CMP الميكا المغلفة الركيزة على المغطي تدور ووضع حل PMMA على الرقاقة حتى أنها مغطاة بالكامل. بدء المغطي تدور. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد اكتمال طلاء تدور، ووضع العينة لمدة 5 دقائق على لوحة التدفئة على 90 درجة مئوية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قطع 1 ملم من كل حافة الركيزة الميكا المغلفة. استخدام مقص لقطع الحواف. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> نقل PMMA المغلفة CMP nanomembrane. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إعداد حل I 2 / KI / H 2 O (1: 4: 40 م / م / م) وKI / H 2 O (1:10 م / م). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ملء حل I 2 / KI H 2 O في 150 مل بلورة صحن وملء حل KI / H 2 O في 100 مل بلورة الطبق. وضع CMP الذهب PMMA المغلفة على الركيزة الميكا، مع الميكا في الاتصال إلى حل، على رأس I 2 / KI / H 2 O الحل. كن حذرا بأن لا يغرق.الانتظار 5 دقائق على الأقل. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع PMMA المغلفة CMP الميكا الذهب الركيزة من I 2 / KI / H 2 O حل على رأس من الحل KI / H 2 O، مع الميكا في الاتصال إلى حل. كن حذرا بأن لا يغرق. الانتظار 5 دقائق على الأقل. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ملء الماء المقطر في 250 مل بلورة الطبق. تجريدها من PMMA / CMP فيلم / الذهب من الميكا. القيام بذلك عن طريق غمر قليلا الركيزة، ابتداء من حافة واحدة، في الماء المقطر. عقد الركيزة بحيث الميكا يشير إلى الماء. ملاحظة: يتم عرض هذا الإجراء في الشكل (3). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تراجع معطف وPMMA / CMP / الذهب على رقاقة السيليكون. القيام بذلك عن طريق الاقتراب من PMMA / CMP / الذهب ببطء مع رقاقة حتى يلمس حافة PMMA سباحة / CMP غشاء / الذهب. سحب رقاقة السيليكون ببطء، وبمجرد أن سي رقاقة في اتصال مع PMMA / CMP / غشاء الذهب. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تجريد PMMA / CMP / فيلم الذهب الخروج من رقاقة السيليكون. القيام بذلك عن طريق غمر قليلا الركيزة، ابتداء من واحد أدشركة جنرال الكتريك، في I 2 / KI / H 2 O الحل. انتظر 15 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد محفورا الذهب تماما، ونقل غشاء PMMA / CMP على المياه عن طريق رقاقة السيليكون. انتظر 15 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> كرر الخطوة 2.3.7 ثلاث مرات لغسل الغشاء بالماء. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> نقل الغشاء PMMA / CMP غسلها إلى الركيزة المطلوب، على سبيل المثال، شريحة المجهر أو الذهب المطلي رقاقة السيليكون، عبر طريقة المذكورة في الخطوة 2.3.5. السماح للPMMA / CMP الركيزة الجافة في الهواء لمدة لا تقل عن 2 ساعة. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> حل PMMA. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع الركيزة PMMA / CMP في الأسيتون. انتظر 30 دقيقة. اخراج الركيزة وشطفه مع الأسيتون. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> كرر الخطوة 2.4.1 ثلاث مرات. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> السماح للCMP الركيزة جافة لمدة لا تقل عن 2 ساعة. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

لتوليف للCMP فيلم الحل المحفز أن تكون طازجة. يشار إلى محفز كسر (أي أكسدة) من قبل تلوين الزرقاء من الحل. الحل الطازج هو عديم اللون. والنقطة الحاسمة هي لقطع حواف الركيزة الميكا بعد طلاء تدور PMMA. أيضا عيوب في الركيزة يجب أن تقطع،</...

The preparation of ultra-thin polymer membranes is of high interest for applications in gas separation and nanofiltration. Challenges in the synthesis are represented by (a) the control of the membrane thickness and the homogeneity and (b) transfer of such fragile membranes. To overcome challenge (a), molecular layer-by-layer synthesis1 has shown great promise in controlling the thickness and homogeneity of thin films grown at the solid-liquid interface.2,3 Controlling the number of layers linearly controls the film thickness. The l-b-l method has been successfully used to fabricate surface mounted metal organic frameworks (SURMOFs),4-7 also the synthesis of thin polymer films via l-b-l reaction of polymer chains was demonstrated.8 The challenge (b) concerns the handling of these ultra-thin membranes. To avoid rupture or wrinkling of the nanomembranes sacrificial supports of coatings have shown great promise. 9
Here we will present a detailed protocol for synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)10-13 thin films through sequential addition of the molecular building blocks, with desired thickness and composition. The preparation of free-standing CMP nanomembranes is achieved by using a sacrificial support. To handle and transfer the CMP nanomembranes to other supports we will describe a simple protocol to protect the membranes with sacrificial coatings and their upfloating to the liquid air interface and subsequent transfer using dip-coating.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>20066.330</td>
			<td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium iodide</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>26846.292</td>
			<td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>23882.321</td>
			<td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrahydrofurane (THF)</td>
			<td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td>
			<td>28559.320</td>
			<td>HiPerSolv CHROMANORM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>THF waterfree</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>1.08107.1001</td>
			<td>SeccoSolv</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>20,777-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I)hexafluoro-phosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>346276-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(methyl methacrylate) 996 kDa (PMMA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>182265-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.1.1.1 Methanetetrayltetrakis(4-azidobenzene) (TPM-azide)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>provided by AK Prof. Br&#228;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.1.1.1 Methanetetrayltetrakis(4-ethinylenebenzene) (TPM-alkyne)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>provided by AK Prof. Br&#228;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>11-thioacetyl-undecaneacid propargylamide</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>provided by AK Prof. Br&#228;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gold/titan coated silicium-wafer</td>
			<td>Georg Albert PVD, 76857 Silz, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gold coated mica</td>
			<td>Georg Albert PVD, 76857 Silz, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

layer-by-layer synthesis and transfer of freestanding conjugated microporous polymer nanomembranes

جذبت CMP مواد مساحة كبيرة كما تزايد الاهتمام في الآونة الأخيرة، وذلك بسبب التباين الشديد في إدماج المجموعات الوظيفية في تركيبة مع الاستقرار الحرارية والكيميائية الرائعة التي قاموا بها، والكثافة المنخفضة. ومع ذلك، وطبيعتها غير قابلة للذوبان يسبب مشاكل في تجهيزها منذ التقنيات المستخدمة عادة مثل طلاء تدور غير متوفرة. خاصة بالنسبة للتطبيقات الغشاء، حيث تجهيز CMP كما الأغشية الرقيقة غير مرغوب فيه، ومعالجة المشاكل أعاقت تطبيق تجاريا. نحن هنا وصف التوليف بينية من CMP الأغشية الرقيقة على ركائز functionalized عبر الجزيئي طبقة تلو طبقة (LBL) التوليف. هذه العملية تسمح إعداد الأفلام مع سمك المطلوب والتكوين والتدرجات التكوين حتى المرجوة. استخدام دعامات الأضاحي يسمح إعداد الأغشية قائما بذاته من قبل انحلال الدعم بعدالتوليف. للتعامل مع مثل هذه الأغشية قائما بذاته رقيقة جدا حماية مع الطلاء الأضاحي أظهرت وعدا كبيرا، لتجنب تمزق nanomembranes. لنقل nanomembranes إلى الركيزة المطلوب، وupfloated الأغشية المغلفة في واجهة الهواء السائل ومن ثم نقلها عبر تراجع الطلاء.

وتتميز أغشية بواسطة الأشعة تحت الحمراء امتصاص انعكاس الطيفي (IRRAS). ويبين الشكل 16 4 IRRA-أطياف من CMP غشاء نقلها إلى رقاقة الذهب. العصابات نموذجية من الاهتزازات من العمود الفقري العطرية هي في 1605 سم -1، 1515 سم -1 و 1412 سم -1. مجموعة آلكاين ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes at JoVE.com

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

طبقة تلو طبقة تجميع ونقل طليق مترافق الصغيرة التي بوليمر Nanomembranes

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

layer-layer-synthesis-transfer-freestanding-conjugated-microporous

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.3K Views.  Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

Video: Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

The behavior of confined colloidal suspensions with attractive interparticle interactions is critical to the rational design of materials for directed assembly1-3, drug delivery4, improved hydrocarbon recovery5-7, and flowable electrodes for energy storage8. Suspensions containing fluorescent colloids and non-adsorbing polymers are appealing model systems, as the ratio of the polymer radius of gyration to the particle radius&#160;and concentration of polymer control the range and strength of the interparticle attraction, respectively. By tuning the polymer properties and the volume fraction of the colloids, colloid fluids, fluids of clusters, gels, crystals, and glasses can be obtained9.&#160;Confocal microscopy, a variant of fluorescence microscopy, allows an optically transparent and fluorescent sample to be imaged with high spatial and temporal resolution in three dimensions. In this technique, a small pinhole or slit blocks the emitted fluorescent light from regions of the sample that are outside the focal volume of the microscope optical system. As a result, only a thin section of the sample in the focal plane is imaged. This technique is particularly well suited to probe the structure and dynamics in dense colloidal suspensions at the single-particle scale: the particles are large enough to be resolved using visible light and diffuse slowly enough to be captured at typical scan speeds of commercial confocal systems10. Improvements in scan speeds and analysis algorithms have also enabled quantitative confocal imaging of flowing suspensions11-16,37.&#160;In this paper, we demonstrate confocal microscopy experiments to probe the confined phase behavior and flow properties of colloid-polymer mixtures. We first prepare colloid-polymer mixtures that are density- and refractive-index matched. Next, we report a standard protocol for imaging quiescent dense colloid-polymer mixtures under varying confinement in thin wedge-shaped cells. Finally, we demonstrate a protocol for imaging colloid-polymer mixtures during microchannel flow.

Confocal microscopy is used to image quiescent and flowing colloid-polymer mixtures, which are studied as model systems for attractive suspensions. Image analysis algorithms are used to calculate structural and dynamic metrics for the colloidal particles that measure changes due to geometric confinement.

التصوير متحد البؤر المحصورة من هادئة ويتدفق مخاليط البوليمر المادة الغروية

The behavior of confined colloidal suspensions with attractive interparticle interactions is critical to the rational design of materials for directed ...

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

تلفيق منطقة كبيرة قائمة بذاتها سامسونج بوليمر أفلام

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous polymer monoliths. The developed approach is based on the preparation of a macroporous polymer containing carboxylic acid functional groups and the subsequent step-by-step solution-based controlled growth of a layer of a porous coordination polymer on the surface of the pores of the polymer monolith. The prepared metal-organic polymer hybrid has a high specific micropore surface area. The amount of iron(III) sites is enhanced through metal-organic coordination on the surface of the pores of the functional polymer support. The increase of metal sites is related to the number of iterations of the coating process.
The developed preparation scheme is easily adapted to a capillary column format. The functional porous polymer is prepared as a self-contained single-block porous monolith within the capillary, yielding a flow-through separation device with excellent flow permeability and modest back-pressure. The metal-organic polymer hybrid column showed excellent performance for the enrichment of phosphopeptides from digested proteins and their subsequent detection using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The presented experimental protocol is highly versatile, and can be easily implemented to different organic polymer supports and coatings with a plethora of porous coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks for multiple purification and/or separation applications.

A procedure for the preparation of porous hybrid separation media composed of a macroporous polymer monolith internally coated by a high surface area microporous coordination polymer is presented.

إعداد التنسيق المسامية العالية البوليمر طلاء البوليمر على ماكروبوروس كتل لتعزيز إثراء Phosphopeptides

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous ...

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is reported. The nanoparticles are formed by hydrophobic interaction of the semiconducting polymer MEH-PPV (poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]) with the fullerene PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) in the presence of a non-compatible solvent. MEH-PPV has a high extinction coefficient that leads to high rates of triplet formation, and efficient charge and energy transfer to the fullerene PCBM. The latter processes enhance the efficiency of the PDT system through fullerene assisted triplet and radical formation, and ultrafast deactivation of MEH-PPV excited stated. The results reported here show that this nanoparticle PDT sensitizing system is highly effective and shows unexpected specificity to cancer cell lines.

This protocol describes a method for the fabrication of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene. These nanoparticles were investigated for their potential use as a next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT).

العلاج الضوئي مع المخلوطة إجراء البوليمر / الفوليرين الجسيمات النانوية الضيائية

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next ...

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ethylene-propylene rubber, grafted with maleic anhydride, is thermo-reversibly cross-linked in two steps. The pending anhydride moieties are first modified with furfurylamine to graft furan groups to the rubber backbone. These pendant furan groups are then cross-linked with a bis-maleimide via a Diels-Alder coupling reaction. Both reactions can be performed under a broad range of experimental conditions and can easily be applied on a large scale. The material properties of the resulting Diels-Alder cross-linked rubbers are similar to a peroxide-cured ethylene/propylene/diene rubber (EPDM) reference. The cross-links break at elevated temperatures (&#62; 150 &#176;C) via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction and can be reformed by thermal annealing at lower temperatures (50-70 &#176;C). Reversibility of the system was proven with infrared spectroscopy, solubility tests and mechanical properties. Recyclability of the material was also shown in a practical way, i.e., by cutting a cross-linked sample into small parts and compression molding them into new samples displaying comparable mechanical properties, which is not possible for conventionally cross-linked rubbers.

A simple two-step approach involving rubber modification and cross-linking yields fully reworkable, elastic rubber products.

إعداد وخصائص الحرارية عكسية عبر ربط الكيمياء المطاط عن طريق ديلز-ألدر

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ...

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and absence of white light exposure. By instituting a controlled temperature ramp, the gelation of these materials can be precisely monitored as they proceed through this structural evolution, which effectively mirrors the conditions experienced during the solution deposition phase of organic electronic device fabrication. Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) along with appropriate fitting protocols we quantify the evolution of select structural parameters throughout this process. Thorough analysis indicates that continued light exposure throughout the gelation process significantly alters the structure of the ultimately formed gel. Specifically, the aggregation process of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) nano-scale aggregates is negatively affected by the presence of illumination, ultimately resulting in the retardation of growth in conjugated polymer microstructures and the formation of smaller scale macro-aggregate clusters.

A protocol for the analysis of gels formed from the optoelectronic conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) using small and ultra-small angle neutron scattering in both the presence and absence of illumination is presented.

رصد تأثيرات الإضاءة على هيكل المواد الهلامية البوليمرية مترافق استخدام تشتت النيوترونات

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and ...

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables the silk proteins to be compact and ordered by shearing and elongation forces. Here, a biomimetic microfluidic channel was designed to mimic the specific geometry of the spinning duct of the silkworm. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning doped with high concentration, was extruded through the microchannel to dry-spin fibers at ambient temperature and pressure. In the post-treated process, the as-spun fibers were drawn and stored in ethanol aqueous solution. Synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD) technology was used to investigate the microstructure of single RSF fibers, which were fixed to a sample holder with the RSF fiber axis normal to the microbeam of the X-ray. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystalline orientation of the fiber were calculated from the WAXD data. The diffraction arcs near the equator of the two-dimensional WAXD pattern indicate that the post-treated RSF fiber has a high orientation degree.

A protocol for the microfluidic spinning and microstructure characterization of regenerated silk fibroin monofilament is presented.

الغزل الجاف موائع جزيئية وتوصيف الألياف المجددة Fibroin الحرير

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables ...

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work.

Here, we present a method of the spectroscopic characterization of organic molecules by means of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on the nanosecond-to-millisecond timescale in oxygen-free conditions. Methods to efficiently remove oxygen from the samples and, thus, limit luminescence quenching are also described.

حل وقت الحصاد "التوصيف الثلاثي فوتوفيسيكال المركبات العضوية" في خالية من الأكسجين "البيئة باستخدام" الوثيقة iCCD الكاميرا

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...

Raman and IR Spectroelectrochemical Methods as Tools to Analyze Conjugated Organic Compounds

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule on the vibrational level of energy. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry can be used for advanced characterization of the structural changes in the organic electroactive compounds. Here, the step-by-step analysis by means of Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry is shown. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical techniques provide complementary information about structural changes occurring during an electrochemical process, i.e. allows for the investigation of redox processes and their products. The examples of IR and Raman spectroelectrochemical analysis are presented, in which the products of the redox reactions, both in solution and solid state, are identified.

A protocol of step-by-step Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical analysis is presented.

رامان وأساليب سبيكترويليكتروكهيميكال الأشعة تحت الحمراء كأدوات لتحليل المركبات العضوية مترافق

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule ...

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.