Name: layer-by-layer synthesis and transfer of freestanding conjugated microporous polymer nanomembranes
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The authors have no acknowledgements.

순차 추가를 통해 CMP 박막 1. 합성 <ol><li> 운모에 금의 자기 조립 단분자막 (SAM) 작용. <ol><li> 에탄올 11 피페 운데 산 프로 파길 아미드 (14)의 1 mM의 용액 (SAM-용액)을 준비한다. 해결책은 분명하다까지 초음파 목욕을 사용하여 섞는다. 알루미늄 호일을 사용하여 빛으로부터 병을 보호합니다. </li><li> 아르곤 하에서 금 운모 웨이퍼를 얻습니다. 저장 용기로부터 인출 한 후 18 시간 동안 SAM-용액에 직접 운모 웨이퍼를 몰입. </li><li> , SAM-용액으로부터 제조 된 금 운모 웨이퍼를 타고 질소 기류 하에서 에탄올 건조 씻어. 이후 빛과 불활성 가스에 의해 보호 기판을 저장합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 전구체 솔루션을 제공합니다. <ol><li> 18.64 mg의 구리 촉매 (테트라 키스 (아세토 니트릴) 구리 (I) 헥사 플루오로 포스페이트), 20.83 mg을 테트라 페닐 메탄 (TPM) -alkyne와 24.22 mg을 TPM - 아 지드를 달아 별도의 쉬 렌크 플라스크에 각 구성 요소를 작성하십시오.TPM - 알킨 및 TPM - 아 지드 그림 1 참조, 합성 참조 (15)에 설명되어 있습니다. 대피 및 불활성 가스 (N 2, 아르곤) 3 회 리필. </li><li> 각각의 슈 렝크 플라스크에 25 ml의 물이없는 테트라 히드로 푸란 (THF)를 첨가. 알루미늄 호일을 사용하여 빛으로부터 TPM - 아 지드와 TPM-알킨과 플라스크를 보호합니다. </li></ol></li><li> CMP 제조를위한 장치를 준비합니다. 주 : 합성 장치는도 2에 도시된다. <ol><li> 250 ml의 한 구 둥근 바닥 플라스크를 사용합니다. 130 ML의 THF를 입력합니다. 알킨으로 코팅 준비 기판을 넣어 샘플 실에서 SAM을 종료했습니다. 기판이 직립되도록 샘플 홀더를 사용한다. </li><li> 환류 냉각기의 상단의 접합을 통해 쉬 렌크 라인에 장치를 연결합니다. </li><li> 3 회 대피 및 불활성 가스로 환기. </li></ol></li><li> 불활성 조건에서 연속 또한. <ol><li> 90 ° C로 히터를 설정하고 THF를 다시가 될 때까지 기다립니다플럭 싱. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단 출구 위에 샘플 구획​​으로부터 THF를 보자. 출구를 닫습니다. </li><li> 준비 TPM - 아 지드 시액 1 mL 및 격막과 스크류 캡을 통해 샘플 실에 구리 (I) 촉매 용액 0.5 ml를주세요. 반응 장치로 쉴 렌크 플라스크로부터 솔루션을 순차적으로 전송하는 중공 바늘 주사기를 사용한다. 참고 서열은 반응에 영향을 미치지 않는다. </li><li> 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단 출구에 걸쳐 반응 액을 보자. 출구를 닫고 샘플을 세척하기위한 응축 된 THF를 수집합니다. 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단에있는 출구를 통해 세척 용액을 보자. 출구를 닫습니다. </li><li> 준비 TPM-알킨 액 1 mL 및 격막과 스크류 캡을 통해 샘플 실에 구리 (I) 촉매 용액 0.5 ml를주세요. 중공으로 주사기를 사용하여바늘은 반응 장치에 쉴 렌크 플라스크로부터 솔루션을 순차적으로 전송한다. 참고 서열은 반응에 영향을 미치지 않는다. </li><li> 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 샘플 구획​​의 하단 출구에 걸쳐 반응 액을 보자. 출구를 닫고 샘플을 세척하기위한 응축 된 THF를 수집합니다. 약 30 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 반복 층의 원하는 양에 도달 할 때까지 1.4.9 1.4.3 단계. 주 : 하나의 층은 약 1 nm 두께이다. </li><li> , CMP 코팅 운모 기판을 꺼내 THF, 에탄올로 헹구고, 질소 기류 하에서 건조. </li></ol></li></ol> CMP Nanomembranes 2. 전송 <ol><li> 폴리 (메틸 메타 크릴 레이트) (PMMA) 용액. <ol><li> 에틸 아세테이트 중 4 % (중량) PMMA (996 kDa의 M)의 용액을 제조 하였다. 이 솔루션은 분명하다까지 PMMA는 초음파 목욕을 사용하여 녹인다. </li></ol></li><li> PMMA 용액을 스핀 코팅. <ol><li> RA 스핀 코터를 설정할MP 시간 0 RPM 4,000에서 10 초, 시간이 40 초를 들고와 4000 0 rpm으로 시간이 10 초 램프. </li><li> 스핀 코터에 CMP 운모 기판을 배치하고 완전히 피복 될 때까지 웨이퍼 상 PMMA 용액을 넣어. 스핀 코터를 시작합니다. </li><li> 스핀 코팅이 완료된 후 90 ℃에서 가열 플레이트 상에 5 분간 샘플을 넣어. </li><li> 운모 기판의 각 가장자리에서 1mm를 잘라. 가장자리를 잘라 가위를 사용합니다. </li></ol></li><li> PMMA의 전송의 CMP nanomembrane 코팅. <ol><li> 와 KI의 / H 2 O (1:10 M / M) I 2 / KI / H 2 O 솔루션 (: 4 : 40m / M / M 1)을 준비합니다. </li><li> 요리를 결정화 150 ㎖의 I 2 / KI H 2 O 솔루션을 입력하고 요리를 결정화 100 ㎖에서 KI / H 2 O 솔루션을 입력합니다. 나는 2 / KI / H 2 O 솔루션의 상단에, 용액에 접촉 운모로, 운모 기판 상에 PMMA 코팅 된 CMP 골드를 넣습니다. 이 가라 앉지 않도록주의.적어도 5 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 나는 2 / KI / H 2 용액에 접촉 운모와 KI / H 2 O 솔루션의 상단에 O 솔루션에서 PMMA 코팅 된 CMP 금 운모 기판을 넣습니다. 이 가라 앉지 않도록주의. 적어도 5 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 요리를 결정화 250 ㎖에 증류수를 입력합니다. 운모의 PMMA / CMP / 금 필름을 벗겨. 약간 증류수에, 하나의 가장자리에서 시작, 기판을 침지하여이 작업을 수행합니다. 운모는 물을 가리 키도록 기판을 유지. 참고 :이 절차는 그림 3에 표시됩니다. </li><li> 딥 - 코팅 된 실리콘 웨이퍼에 PMMA / CMP / 금. 그것은 수영 PMMA / CMP / 금 막의 가장자리에 닿을 때까지 웨이퍼 천천히 PMMA / CMP는 / 금에 접근하여이 작업을 수행합니다. 실리콘 웨이퍼는 PMMA / CMP / 금 막과 접촉하면 서서히 실리콘 웨이퍼를 꺼내. </li><li> 실리콘 웨이퍼로부터 PMMA / CMP은 / 금 막을 벗겨. 약간 하나 ED에서 시작, 기판을 침지하여이 작업을 수행GE, 나는 2 / KI / H 2 O 솔루션입니다. 15 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 금이 완전히 에칭 된 후, 실리콘 웨이퍼를 통해 물 PMMA / CMP 막 옮긴다. 15 분을 기다립니다. </li><li> 세 번 단계를 반복 2.3.7 물과 멤브레인을 씻어. </li><li> 단계 2.3.5에서 설명한 방법을 통해, 목적하는 기판, 예를 들면, 현미경 슬라이드 또는 금 - 코팅 된 실리콘 웨이퍼를 세척 PMMA / CMP 막 옮긴다. 적어도 2 시간 동안 공기의 PMMA / CMP 기판 건조하자. </li></ol></li><li> PMMA의 해산. <ol><li> 아세톤에 PMMA / CMP 기판을 넣습니다. 30 분을 기다립니다. 기판을 꺼내 아세톤으로 씻어. </li><li> 단계를 반복 2.4.1 세 번. </li><li> 적어도 2 시간 동안 CMP 기판 건조하자. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

CMP-필름의 합성을위한 촉매의 용액을 신선한이어야한다. 깨진 촉매 (즉, 산화) 솔루션의 푸른 색채로 표시됩니다. 신선한 액은 무색이다. 중요한 점은 스핀 코팅 후 PMMA 운모 기판의 가장자리를 절단하는 것이다. 또한, 기판에 결함이 절단 예정 즉, 각각의 스폿은 PMMA 인해 누락 된 금 층, 운모 기판과 접촉 할 수 있었다. 그렇지 금층 용이 운모 기판으로부터 박리 ...

The preparation of ultra-thin polymer membranes is of high interest for applications in gas separation and nanofiltration. Challenges in the synthesis are represented by (a) the control of the membrane thickness and the homogeneity and (b) transfer of such fragile membranes. To overcome challenge (a), molecular layer-by-layer synthesis1 has shown great promise in controlling the thickness and homogeneity of thin films grown at the solid-liquid interface.2,3 Controlling the number of layers linearly controls the film thickness. The l-b-l method has been successfully used to fabricate surface mounted metal organic frameworks (SURMOFs),4-7 also the synthesis of thin polymer films via l-b-l reaction of polymer chains was demonstrated.8 The challenge (b) concerns the handling of these ultra-thin membranes. To avoid rupture or wrinkling of the nanomembranes sacrificial supports of coatings have shown great promise. 9
Here we will present a detailed protocol for synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)10-13 thin films through sequential addition of the molecular building blocks, with desired thickness and composition. The preparation of free-standing CMP nanomembranes is achieved by using a sacrificial support. To handle and transfer the CMP nanomembranes to other supports we will describe a simple protocol to protect the membranes with sacrificial coatings and their upfloating to the liquid air interface and subsequent transfer using dip-coating.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td><td>20066.330</td><td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium iodide</td><td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td><td>26846.292</td><td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td></tr><tr><td>Ethyl acetate</td><td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td><td>23882.321</td><td>AnalR NORMAPUR</td></tr><tr><td>Tetrahydrofuran (THF)</td><td>VWR BDH Prolabo</td><td>28559.320</td><td>HiPerSolv CHROMANORM</td></tr><tr><td>THF waterfree</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>1.08107.1001</td><td>SeccoSolv</td></tr><tr><td>Iodine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>20,777-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tetrakis(acetonitrile) copper(I) hexafluoro-phosphate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>346276-5G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly(methyl methacrylate) 996 kDa (PMMA)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>182265-25G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.1.1.1 Methanetetrayltetrakis(4-azidobenzene) (TPM-azide)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Provided by AK Prof. Br&amp;auml;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to &lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;.</td></tr><tr><td>1.1.1.1 Methanetetrayltetrakis(4-ethinylenebenzene) (TPM-alkyne)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Provided by AK Prof. Br&amp;auml;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to &lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;.</td></tr><tr><td>11-thioacetyl-undecaneacid propargylamide</td><td></td><td></td><td>Provided by AK Prof. Br&amp;auml;se. Institute of organic chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Synthesized according to &lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;.</td></tr><tr><td>gold/titan coated silicium-wafer</td><td>Georg Albert PVD, 76857 Silz, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>gold coated mica</td><td>Georg Albert PVD, 76857 Silz, Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

layer-by-layer synthesis and transfer of freestanding conjugated microporous polymer nanomembranes

CMP와 같은 큰 표면적 재료는 그들의 탁월한 열적 및 화학적 안정성과 결합 작용기의 혼입이 높은 변동 및 낮은 밀도로, 최근 관심을 끌고있다 성장. 예컨대 스핀 코팅과 같은 통상의 기술 적용이 가능하지 않기 때문에 그러나, 그들의 자연 불용성은 처리 문제를 일으킨다. 특히 CMP와 같은 박막의 처리가 바람직하다 막 애플리케이션을 위해, 프로세싱 문제는 상업적인 응용을 방해했다. 여기에서 우리는 분자 층별로 레이어 (LBL) 합성을 통해 기능화 기판에 CMP 박막의 계면 합성을 설명합니다. 이 프로세스는 원하는 두께 및 조성물 심지어 원하는 조성 구배를 가진 필름을 제조 할 수있다. 희생 지지체의 사용은 지지체의 용해 후 의해 자립 막 제조를 허용합성. 이러한 초박형 자립 막을 처리하기 위해 희생 코팅과 보호 nanomembranes의 파열을 방지하기 위해, 큰 가능성을 보여 주었다. 원하는 기판 nanomembranes를 전송하려면, 도포 막은 공기 - 액체 계면에서 upfloated 후 침지 코팅을 통해 전달된다.

멤브레인 (16)도 4는 금 웨이퍼에 전사 CMP-막으로부터 IRRA - 스펙트럼을 도시 적외선 반사 흡수 분광기 (IRRAS).에 의해 특징 지어진다. 방향족 백본의 진동에서 전형적인 밴드 1,605cm -1, 1,515cm -1과 1,412cm -1에 있습니다. 미 반응 아 지드 및 알킨 그룹 2,125cm -1 1,227cm -1 특성 밴드가 관찰 될 수있다.도 5는 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM) 이?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes at JoVE.com

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

레이어로 레이어 합성 및 독립 구조로 서있는 공역 미세 다공성 고분자 Nanomembranes의 전송

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

layer-layer-synthesis-transfer-freestanding-conjugated-microporous

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.3K 조회수.  Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

비디오: Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

대 면적의 제작은 초박막 고분자 필름을 무료 서

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

연구

화학

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous polymer monoliths. The developed approach is based on the preparation of a macroporous polymer containing carboxylic acid functional groups and the subsequent step-by-step solution-based controlled growth of a layer of a porous coordination polymer on the surface of the pores of the polymer monolith. The prepared metal-organic polymer hybrid has a high specific micropore surface area. The amount of iron(III) sites is enhanced through metal-organic coordination on the surface of the pores of the functional polymer support. The increase of metal sites is related to the number of iterations of the coating process.
The developed preparation scheme is easily adapted to a capillary column format. The functional porous polymer is prepared as a self-contained single-block porous monolith within the capillary, yielding a flow-through separation device with excellent flow permeability and modest back-pressure. The metal-organic polymer hybrid column showed excellent performance for the enrichment of phosphopeptides from digested proteins and their subsequent detection using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The presented experimental protocol is highly versatile, and can be easily implemented to different organic polymer supports and coatings with a plethora of porous coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks for multiple purification and/or separation applications.

A procedure for the preparation of porous hybrid separation media composed of a macroporous polymer monolith internally coated by a high surface area microporous coordination polymer is presented.

포스 포의 향상된 농축을위한 거대 다공성 고분자 모노리스에 다공성 조정 폴리머 코팅의 제조

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous ...

Fabrication of the Thermoplastic Microfluidic Channels

In our lab, we have successfully isolated nucleic acids directly from microliter and submicroliter volumes of human blood, urine and stool using polymer/nanoparticle composite microscale lysis and solid phase extraction columns. The recovered samples are concentrated, small volume samples that are PCRable, without any additional cleanup. Here, we demonstrate how to fabricate thermoplastic microfluidic chips using hot embossing and heat sealing. Then, we demonstrate how to use in situ light directed surface grafting and polymerization through the sealed chip to form the composite solid phase columns. We demonstrate grafting and polymerization of a carbon nanotube/polymer composite column for bacterial cell lysis. We then show the lysis process followed by solid phase extraction of nucleic acids from the sample on chip using a silica/polymer composite column. The attached protocols contain detailed instructions on how to make both lysis and solid phase extraction columns.

Here we demonstrate how to fabricate thermoplastic microfluidic chips using hot embossing and heat sealing. Then we demonstrate how to use in situ light directed surface grafting and polymerization through the sealed chip to form the composite solid phase columns.

열가 소성 Microfluidic 채널 제작

In our lab, we have successfully isolated nucleic acids directly from microliter and submicroliter volumes of human blood, urine and stool using ...

생물학

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins with the synthesis of a hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) homopolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Under mild visible light irradiation (&#955; = 460 nm, 0.7 mW/cm2), this macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) in the presence of a ruthenium based photoredox catalyst, Ru(bpy)3Cl2 can be chain extended with a second monomer to form a well-defined block copolymer in a process known as Photoinduced Electron Transfer RAFT (PET-RAFT). When PET-RAFT is used to chain extend POEGMA with benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in ethanol (EtOH), polymeric nanoparticles with different morphologies are formed in situ according to a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) mechanism. Self-assembly into nanoparticles presenting POEGMA chains at the corona and poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) chains in the core occurs in situ due to the growing insolubility of the PBzMA block in ethanol. Interestingly, the formation of highly pure worm-like micelles can be readily monitored by observing the onset of a highly viscous gel in situ due to nanoparticle entanglements occurring during the polymerization. This process thereby allows for a more reproducible synthesis of worm-like micelles simply by monitoring the solution viscosity during the course of the polymerization. In addition, the light stimulus can be intermittently applied in an ON/OFF manner demonstrating temporal control over the nanoparticle morphology.

This article describes a process for producing polymeric self-assembled nanoparticles using visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. Using low energy visible light to control the polymerization allows for the reproducible formation of self-assembled worm-like micelles at high solids content.

Photoredox 촉매를 사용하여 가시 광선 중재 분산 중합에 의해 웜 형상 미셀 손쉬운 합성

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the prevailing building material to make microfluidic devices due to its ease of molding and bonding as well as its transparency. Due to the softness of the PDMS material, however, it is challenging to use PDMS for building nanochannels. The channels tend to collapse easily during plasma bonding. In this paper, we present an evaporation-driven self-assembly method of silica colloidal nanoparticles to create nanofluidic junctions with sub-50 nm pores between two microchannels. The pore size as well as the surface charge of the nanofluidic junction is tunable simply by changing the colloidal silica bead size and surface functionalization outside of the assembled microfluidic device in a vial before the self-assembly process. Using the self-assembly of nanoparticles with a bead size of 300 nm, 500 nm, and 900 nm, it was possible to fabricate a porous membrane with a pore size of ~45 nm, ~75 nm and ~135 nm, respectively. Under electrical potential, this nanoporous membrane initiated ion concentration polarization (ICP) acting as a cation-selective membrane to concentrate DNA by ~1,700 times within 15 min. This non-lithographic nanofabrication process opens up a new opportunity to build a tunable nanofluidic junction for the study of nanoscale transport processes of ions and molecules inside a PDMS microfluidic chip.

We propose a simple self-assembly technique of silica colloidal nanoparticles to create a nanofluidic junction between two microchannels in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Using this technique, a nanoporous bead membrane with a pore size down to ~45 nm was built inside a microchannel and applied to electrokinetic preconcentration of DNA samples.

콜로이드 입자의 자기 조립 과정을 통해 PDMS 미세 유체 칩의 하위 50 Nm의 나노 유체 접합 만들기

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the prevailing building material to make microfluidic devices due to its ease of molding and bonding as well as its ...

공학

Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process

In order to modify the surface tension of commercial available track-edged polymer membranes, a procedure of surface-initiated polymerization is presented. The polymerization from the membrane surface is induced by plasma treatment of the membrane, followed by reacting the membrane surface with a methanolic solution of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Special attention is given to the process parameters for the plasma treatment prior to the polymerization on the surface. For example, the influence of the plasma-treatment on different types of membranes (e.g.&#160;polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride) is studied. Furthermore, the time-dependent stability of the surface-grafted membranes is shown by contact angle measurements. When grafting poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) in this way, the surface can be further modified by esterification of the alcohol moiety of the polymer with a carboxylic acid function of the desired substance. These reactions can therefore be used for the functionalization of the membrane surface. For example, the surface tension of the membrane can be changed or a desired functionality as the presented light-responsiveness can be inserted. This is demonstrated by reacting PHEMA with a carboxylic acid functionalized spirobenzopyran unit which leads to a light-responsive membrane. The choice of solvent plays a major role in the postmodification step and is discussed in more detail in this paper. The permeability measurements of such functionalized membranes are performed using a Franz cell with an external light source. By changing the wavelength of the light from the visible to the UV-range, a change of permeability of aqueous caffeine solutions is observed.

A plasma-induced polymerization procedure is described for the surface-initiated polymerization on polymer membranes. Further postmodification of the grafted polymer with photochromic substances is presented with a protocol of conducting permeability measurements of light-responsive membranes.

결합 표면의 접목 및 Postmodification 과정에 의한 빛의 응답 멤브레인의 제조

In order to modify the surface tension of commercial available track-edged polymer membranes, a procedure of surface-initiated polymerization is ...

생체공학

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

We report the synthesis of thin, highly intergrown, polycrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes on a wide range of unmodified porous and non-porous supports (polymer, ceramic, metal, carbon, and graphene). We developed a novel crystallization technique, which is termed the ENACT approach: the electrophoretic nuclei assembly for the crystallization of highly intergrown thin films (ENACT). This approach allows for a high density of heterogeneous nucleation of MOFs on a chosen substrate via the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) directly from the precursor sol. The growth of well-packed MOF nuclei leads to a highly intergrown polycrystalline MOF film. We show that this simple approach can be used for the synthesis of thin, intergrown zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF)-7 and ZIF-8 films. The resulting 500 nm-thick ZIF-8 membranes show a considerably high H2 permeance (8.3 x 10-6 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1) and ideal gas selectivities (7.3 for H2/CO2, 15.5 for H2/N2, 16.2 for H2/CH4, and 2655 for H2/C3H8). An attractive performance for C3H6/C3H8 separation is also achieved (a C3H6 permeance of 9.9 x 10-8 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 and a C3H6/C3H8 ideal selectivity of 31.6 at 25 &#176;C). Overall, the ENACT process, owing to its simplicity, can be extended to synthesize intergrown thin films of a wide range of nanoporous crystalline materials.

A simple, reproducible, and versatile approach for the synthesis of intergrown, polycrystalline metal-organic framework membranes on a wide range of unmodified porous and non-porous supports is presented.

Ultrathin 높은 성능 금속-유기 프레임 워크 막의 전기 이동 화

We report the synthesis of thin, highly intergrown, polycrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes on a wide range of unmodified porous and ...

Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support substrates. Accomplishing this transfer in a highly controlled, mechanized, and reproducible manner can eliminate the creation of macroscale defect structures (e.g., tears, cracks, and wrinkles) within the thin film that compromise device performance and the usable area per sample. Here, we describe a general protocol for the highly controlled and mechanized transfer of a polymeric thin film onto an arbitrary porous support substrate for eventual use as a water filtration membrane device. Specifically, we fabricate a block copolymer (BCP) thin film on top of a sacrificial, water-soluble poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer and silicon wafer substrate. We then utilize a custom-designed, 3D-printed transfer tool and drain chamber system to deposit, lift-off, and transfer the BCP thin film onto the center of a porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) support disc. The transferred BCP thin film is shown to be consistently placed onto the center of the support surface due to the guidance of the meniscus formed between the water and the 3D-printed plastic drain chamber. We also compare our mechanized transfer-processed thin films to those that have been transferred by hand with the use of tweezers. Optical inspection and image analysis of the transferred thin films from the mechanized process confirm that little-to-no macroscale inhomogeneities or plastic deformations are produced, as compared to the multitude of tears and wrinkles produced from manual transfer by hand. Our results suggest that the proposed strategy for thin film transfer can reduce defects when compared to other methods across many systems and applications.

We present a procedure for highly controlled and wrinkle-free transfer of block copolymer thin films onto porous support substrates using a 3D-printed drain chamber. The drain chamber design is of general relevance to all procedures involving transfer of macromolecular films onto porous substrates, which is normally done by hand in an irreproducible fashion.

결함이 최소화된 다공성 기판에 폴리머 필름 을 이송하는 절차

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support ...

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and thus achieving stable water permeability through membranes over time. Here, we report a facile method to prepare hydrogels based on zwitterions for membrane applications. Freestanding films can be prepared from sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) with a crosslinker of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) via photopolymerization. The hydrogels can also be prepared by impregnation into hydrophobic porous supports to enhance the mechanical strength. These films can be characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to determine the degree of conversion of the (meth)acrylate groups, using goniometers for hydrophilicity and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for polymer chain dynamics. We also report protocols to determine the water permeability in dead-end filtration systems and the effect of foulants (bovine serum albumin, BSA) on membrane performance.

This paper reports practical methods to prepare hydrogels in freestanding films and impregnated membranes and to characterize their physical properties, including water transport properties.

물 정화를위한 막으로 방오 특성을 가진 히드로 겔의 합성

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and ...

Self-Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Metal Organic Framework Monolayers

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-Coated Particles

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials with potential applications in fields such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. Attempts to enhance the utility of MOFs have involved the preparation of various composites, including polymer-grafted MOFs. By directly grafting polymers to the external surface of MOFs, issues of incompatibility between polymers and MOFs can be overcome. Polymer brushes grafted from the surface of MOFs can serve to stabilize the MOF while enabling particle assembly into self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers (SAMMs) via polymer-polymer interactions.
Control over the chemical composition and molecular weight of the grafted polymer can allow for tuning of the SAMM characteristics. In this work, instructions are provided on how to immobilize a chain transfer agent (CTA) onto the surface of the MOF UiO-66 (UiO = Universitetet i Oslo). The CTA&#160;serves as initiation sites for the growth of polymers. Once polymer chains are grown from the MOF surface, the formation of SAMMs is achieved through self-assembly at an air-water interface. The resulting SAMMs are characterized and shown to be freestanding by scanning electron microscopy imaging. The methods presented in this paper are expected to make the preparation of SAMMs more accessible to the research community and thereby expand their potential use as a&#160;MOF-polymer composite.

저자 스포트라이트: 자체 조립된 MOF-폴리머 복합재 탐색

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of self-assembled metal-organic framework monolayers is provided using polymer-grafted, metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals. The procedure shows that polymer-grafted MOF particles can be self-assembled at an air-water interface resulting in well-formed, free-standing, monolayer structures as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy imaging.

Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Monolayers Using Polymer-coated Particles(고분자 코팅 입자를 사용한 자체 조립된 금속-유기 프레임워크 단층의 합성 및 특성 분석)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials with potential applications in fields such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. ...