نشكر U. Heberlein وA. Devineni للمناقشات طويلة الأمد والمشورة الفنية. كما نشكر أعضاء مختبر شوحط-أوفير، A. Benzur، L. القزاز، وO. شالوم، من أجل المساعدة في إظهار الأسلوب. تقدير خاص يذهب إلى اليعازر كوستي لإقامة أنظمة الطيران في المختبر. وأيد هذا العمل من قبل مؤسسة العلوم اسرائيل (384/14) وكوري الوظيفي التكامل المنح ماري (CIG 631127).

<ol>
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C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+learning+of+pheromonal+cues+modulates+memory+consolidation+in+trainer-specific+associative+courtship+conditioning.">Sequential learning of pheromonal cues modulates memory consolidation in trainer-specific associative courtship conditioning.</a> Curr Biol. 15, 194-206 (2005).</li><li>Ejima, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generalization+of+courtship+learning+in+Drosophila+is+mediated+by+cis-vaccenyl+acetate.">Generalization of courtship learning in Drosophila is mediated by cis-vaccenyl acetate.</a> Curr Biol. 17, 599-605 (2007).</li><li>Keleman, K., Kruttner, S., Alenius, M., Dickson, B. 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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+monitoring+and+quantitative+analysis+of+feeding+behaviour+in+Drosophila.">Automated monitoring and quantitative analysis of feeding behaviour in Drosophila.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 4560 (2014).</li><li>Yapici, N., Cohn, R., Schusterreiter, C., Ruta, V., Vosshall, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Taste+Circuit+that+Regulates+Ingestion+by+Integrating+Food+and+Hunger+Signals.">A Taste Circuit that Regulates Ingestion by Integrating Food and Hunger Signals.</a> Cell. 165, 715-729 (2016).</li><li>Peru, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-lasting,+experience-dependent+alcohol+preference+in+Drosophila.">Long-lasting, experience-dependent alcohol preference in Drosophila.</a> Addict Biol. 19, 392-401 (2014).</li><li>Dus, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nutrient+Sensor+in+the+Brain+Directs+the+Action+of+the+Brain-Gut+Axis+in+Drosophila.">Nutrient Sensor in the Brain Directs the Action of the Brain-Gut Axis in Drosophila.</a> Neuron. 87, 139-151 (2015).</li><li>Anderson, D. J., Adolphs, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+framework+for+studying+emotions+across+species.">A framework for studying emotions across species.</a> Cell. 157, 187-200 (2014).</li><li>Gibson, W. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+responses+to+a+repetitive+visual+threat+stimulus+express+a+persistent+state+of+defensive+arousal+in+Drosophila.">Behavioral responses to a repetitive visual threat stimulus express a persistent state of defensive arousal in Drosophila.</a> Curr Biol. 25, 1401-1415 (2015).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Here, we illustrate the details of an integrated approach to measure alterations in reward-seeking behavior, based on previous work described by Devineni et al.6 and Shohat-Ophir et al5. The first section of the protocol uses different types of sexual interactions as the experience input, and the second section uses a two-choice feeding assay to assess the effect of experience on the preference to consume ethanol.
As shown by Devineni et al.<sup...

تعديل السلوك ردا على تجربة يسمح الحيوانات لضبط سلوكهم للتغيرات في بيئتها 1. وخلال هذه العملية، والحيوانات دمج الحالة الفسيولوجية الداخلية مع الظروف المتغيرة للبيئة الخارجية، وبعد ذلك اختيار عمل واحد على الآخر لزيادة فرصهم في البقاء والتكاثر. تطورت نظم المكافآت لتحفيز السلوكيات المطلوبة لبقاء الأفراد والأنواع من خلال تعزيز السلوكيات التي تعزز بقاء فوري، مثل الأكل أو الشرب، أو تلك التي تضمن البقاء على المدى الطويل، مثل السلوك الجنسي أو رعاية الأبناء 2. مركبات اصطناعية مثل تعاطي المخدرات تؤثر أيضا على أنظمة المكافأة تمثله من خلال التعاون المسارات العصبية التي تتوسط المكافآت الطبيعية 2. خلال العقدين الماضيين، وذبابة الفاكهة أنشئت ذبابة الفاكهة نموذجا واعدا لدراسة molecجزيئية والآليات العصبية التي تشكل آثار الإيثانول على سلوك 3،4. سابقا، حددنا مجموعة فرعية من الخلايا العصبية ببتيدي المفعول في الذباب (الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية / الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية مستقبلات (R) الخلايا العصبية) أن المكافآت الطبيعية الزوجين، مثل تجربة جنسية، لدوافع الحصول على المكافآت المخدرات 5. التعبير الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية حساسا لكلا التجارب الجنسية والمكافآت المخدرات، مثل التسمم الايثانول. يتم تحويل التغيرات في مستويات التعبير NPF إلى تغييرات في الإيثانول الذات إدارة 5، حيث يقلل من ارتفاع الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية وانخفاض الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية يزيد من الأفضلية لاستهلاك الإيثانول. تفعيل الخلايا العصبية NPF غير مجزية للذباب، كما أنها تكشف تفضيل قوي للرائحة يقترن تفعيل، وهو ما ينعكس أيضا انخفاض استهلاك الإيثانول. الأهم من ذلك، تنشيط الخلايا العصبية NPF يتداخل مع قدرة الذباب لتشكيل علاقة إيجابية بين التسمم الايثانول وجديلة رائحة. العلاقة السببية بين الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية / Rالنظام والذاكرة مكافأة، واستهلاك الإيثانول تشير إلى أن يمكن للمرء أن استخدام الإيثانول الإدارة الذاتية كمقياس للتغييرات في دول مكافأة 5. في هذا المنشور نظهر نهج متكامل للالاستفادة من نظام المكافأة الطبيعي الطيران والتغيرات يعاير في دول مكافأة. يتكون المنهج من جزأين منفصلين، بروتوكول التدريب لمعالجة الخبرات ذات الصلة مكافأة الطبيعية، تليها اثنين الاختيار الشعرية المغذية فحص (CAFE) لتقييم الإيثانول الإدارة الذاتية كتقدير لإجراء تغييرات في دول مكافأة. فحص CAFE مماثل للفحوصات اختيار اثنين من زجاجة المستخدمة في الدراسات القوارض لمكافحة المخدرات والإدارة الذاتية، ولقد ثبت لتعكس خصائص معينة من السلوك مثل الإدمان في الذباب 6.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Polystyrene 25 x 95 mm Vials</td><td>FlyStuff</td><td>32-109</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>narrow plastic vials flugs</td><td>FlyStuff</td><td>42-102</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable Sterile Needle 18 G and 27 G&amp;nbsp;</td><td>can be acquired by any company</td><td></td><td>1.20 X 38 mm (18 G x 1 1/2&quot;) , 0.40 X 13 mm (27 G x 1/2&quot;)</td></tr><tr><td>10 x 75 mm Borosilicate Glass Disposable Culture Tubes</td><td>kimble chase</td><td>73500-1075</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>calibrated pipets 5 &amp;#956;L</td><td>VWR</td><td>53432-706</td><td>color coded white to contain 5 &amp;#956;L</td></tr><tr><td>Mineral Oil&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>M5904</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sucrose, Molecular Biology Grade</td><td>CALBIOCHEM</td><td>573113</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Yeast extract Powder for microbiology</td><td>can be acquired by any company</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>32221</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>standard pipette Tips (micro-pipetts)</td><td>ThermScientific</td><td>T114R-Q</td><td>volume: 0.1 - 20 &amp;#956;L (ultramicro)</td></tr><tr><td>IDENTI-PLUGS (Foam Tube Plugs)</td><td>Jaece</td><td>L800-A</td><td>fits opening 6 - 13 mm</td></tr><tr><td>IDENTI-PLUGS (Foam Tube Plugs)</td><td>Jaece</td><td>L800-D</td><td>fits opening 35 - 45 mm</td></tr><tr><td>virginator fly stock&amp;nbsp;</td><td>bloomington drosophila stock center</td><td>#24638</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Narrow Vials, Tray Pack (PS)</td><td>Genesee Scientific Corporation</td><td>&amp;nbsp;# 32-109BR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Drosophila Media Recipes and Methods</td><td>Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center</td><td>http://flystocks.bio.indiana.edu/Fly_Work/media-recipes/molassesfood.htm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>propionic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>P5561</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>phosphoric acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>W290017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methl 4-Hydroxybenzoate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich&amp;nbsp;</td><td>H3647</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agar Agar</td><td>can be acquired by any company</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>corn meal</td><td>can be acquired by any company</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Grandma&#039;s molasses</td><td>B&amp;amp;G Foods, Inc</td><td>not indicated</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>instant dry yeast</td><td>can be acquired by any company</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a simple way to measure alterations in reward-seeking behavior using drosophila melanogaster

نحن تصف بروتوكول لقياس الإيثانول إدارة الذات في ذباب الفاكهة (ذبابة الفاكهة) كوكيل لإجراء تغييرات في دول مكافأة. ونحن لشرح طريقة بسيطة للاستفادة من نظام المكافأة الطاير، تعديل الخبرات المتعلقة مكافأة الطبيعية، واستخدام استهلاك الإيثانول الطوعي كمقياس للتغييرات في دول مكافأة. يخدم النهج كأداة ذات الصلة لدراسة الخلايا العصبية والجينات التي تلعب دورا في التغيرات بوساطة تجربة الدولة الداخلية. يتكون البروتوكول من قسمين منفصلة: فضح الذباب إلى الخبرات مجزية وnonrewarding، ويعاير استهلاك الإيثانول الطوعي كإجراء الدافع للحصول على مكافأة المخدرات. جزأين يمكن استخدامها بشكل مستقل للحث على التشكيل من الخبرة كخطوة أولى لمزيد من المقايسات المصب أو مقايسة التغذية الاختيار اثنين من المستقلين، على التوالي. لا يتطلب بروتوكول الإعداد معقدة، وبالتالي يمكن أن تطبق في أي المختبرذ مع الأدوات ثقافة ذبابة الأساسية.

FPreviously، Devineni وآخرون. أظهرت أنه عندما تعطى ذباب الفاكهة خيار تستهلك المواد الغذائية التي تحتوي على الإيثانول، لأنها تكشف تفضيل قوي للأغذية التي تحتوي على الإيثانول على nonethanol تحتوي على المواد الغذائية 6. يظهر هنا بعض نتائج ممثل حصلنا عليها ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

نحن تصف بروتوكول لإحداث مجزية وnonrewarding الخبرات في ذباب الفاكهة (ذبابة الفاكهة) باستخدام استهلاك الإيثانول الطوعي كمقياس للتغييرات في دول مكافأة.

طريقة بسيطة لقياس التغيرات في السلوك المكافأة التماس طريق<em&gt; ذبابة الفاكهة</em

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

8.4K Views.  Bar-Ilan University.  نحن تصف بروتوكول لإحداث مجزية وnonrewarding الخبرات في ذباب الفاكهة (ذبابة الفاكهة) باستخدام استهلاك الإيثانول الطوعي كمقياس للتغييرات في دول مكافأة. 

Video: A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

Combining Quantitative Food-intake Assays and Forcibly Activating Neurons to Study Appetite in Drosophila

Food consumption is under the tight control of the brain, which integrates the physiological status, palatability, and nutritional contents of the food, and issues commands to start or stop feeding. Deciphering the processes underlying the decision-making of timely and moderate feeding carries major implications in our understanding of physiological and psychological disorders related to feeding control. Simple, quantitative, and robust methods are required to measure the food ingestion of animals after experimental manipulation, such as forcibly increasing the activities of certain target neurons. Here, we introduced dye-labeling-based feeding assays to facilitate the neurogenetic study of feeding control in adult fruit flies. We review available feeding assays, and then describe our methods step-by-step from setup to analysis, which combine thermogenetic and optogenetic manipulation of neurons controlling feeding motivation with dye-labeled food intake assay. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of our methods, compared with other feeding assays, to help readers choose an appropriate assay.

Combining Quantitative Food-intake Assays and Forcibly Activating Neurons to Study Appetite in Drosophila

Quantitative food-intake assays with dyed food provide a robust and high-throughput means to evaluate feeding motivation. Combining the food consumption assay with thermogenetic and optogenetic screens is a powerful approach to investigate the neural circuits underlying appetite in adult Drosophila melanogaster.

الجمع بين تناول الطعام الكمية فحوصات وتنشيط الخلايا العصبية لدراسة الشهية في المورفولوجية قسراً

Food consumption is under the tight control of the brain, which integrates the physiological status, palatability, and nutritional contents of the food, ...

Behavior

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and various neurological diseases1. We have optimized simple and robust behavioral assays for determining larval locomotion, adult climbing ability (RING assay), and courtship behaviors of Drosophila. These behavioral assays are widely applicable for studying the role of genetic and environmental factors on fly behavior. Larval crawling ability can be reliably used for determining early stage changes in the crawling abilities of Drosophila larvae and also for examining effect of drugs or human disease genes (in transgenic flies) on their locomotion. The larval crawling assay becomes more applicable if expression or abolition of a gene causes lethality in pupal or adult stages, as these flies do not survive to adulthood where they otherwise could be assessed. This basic assay can also be used in conjunction with bright light or stress to examine additional behavioral responses in Drosophila larvae. Courtship behavior has been widely used to investigate genetic basis of sexual behavior, and can also be used to examine activity and coordination, as well as learning and memory. Drosophila courtship behavior involves the exchange of various sensory stimuli including visual, auditory, and chemosensory signals between males and females that lead to a complex series of well characterized motor behaviors culminating in successful copulation. Traditional adult climbing assays (negative geotaxis) are tedious, labor intensive, and time consuming, with significant variation between different trials2-4. The rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING) assay5 has many advantages over more widely employed protocols, providing a reproducible, sensitive, and high throughput approach to quantify adult locomotor and negative geotaxis behaviors. In the RING assay, several genotypes or drug treatments can be tested simultaneously using large number of animals, with the high-throughput approach making it more amenable for screening experiments.

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster is a genetically and behaviorally tractable model system that has been used to understand the molecular and cellular basis of many important biological processes for over a century 1. Drosophila has been well exploited to gain insights into the genetic basis of fly behavior.

طرق الفحص ذبابة الفاكهة سلوك

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ...

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

In the following we describe the methodological details of appetitive associative olfactory learning in Drosophila larvae. The setup, in combination with genetic interference, provides a handle to analyze the neuronal and molecular fundamentals of specifically associative learning in a simple larval brain.
Organisms can use past experience to adjust present behavior. Such acquisition of behavioral potential can be defined as learning, and the physical bases of these potentials as memory traces1-4. Neuroscientists try to understand how these processes are organized in terms of molecular and neuronal changes in the brain by using a variety of methods in model organisms ranging from insects to vertebrates5,6. For such endeavors it is helpful to use model systems that are simple and experimentally accessible. The Drosophila larva has turned out to satisfy these demands based on the availability of robust behavioral assays, the existence of a variety of transgenic techniques and the elementary organization of the nervous system comprising only about 10,000 neurons (albeit with some concessions: cognitive limitations, few behavioral options, and richness of experience questionable)7-10.
Drosophila larvae can form associations between odors and appetitive gustatory reinforcement like sugar11-14. In a standard assay, established in the lab of B. Gerber, animals receive a two-odor reciprocal training: A first group of larvae is exposed to an odor A together with a gustatory reinforcer (sugar reward) and is subsequently exposed to an odor B without reinforcement 9. Meanwhile a second group of larvae receives reciprocal training while experiencing odor A without reinforcement and subsequently being exposed to odor B with reinforcement (sugar reward). In the following both groups are tested for their preference between the two odors. Relatively higher preferences for the rewarded odor reflect associative learning - presented as a performance index (PI). The conclusion regarding the associative nature of the performance index is compelling, because apart from the contingency between odors and tastants, other parameters, such as odor and reward exposure, passage of time and handling do not differ between the two groups9.

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

Drosophila larvae are able to associate odor stimuli with gustatory reward. Here we describe a simple behavioral paradigm that allows the analysis of appetitive associative olfactory learning.

مشهي التعلم النقابي في الشم<em&gt; ذبابة الفاكهة</em&gt; اليرقات

In the following we describe the methodological  details of appetitive associative olfactory learning in Drosophila larvae. The setup, in combination with ...

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In a light-tight box illuminated by red light that is invisible to fruit flies, a camera linked to custom data acquisition software monitors the position of six flies simultaneously. Each fly is confined to walk in individual arenas containing a food odor at the center. The testing arenas rest on a porous floor that functions to prevent odor accumulation. Latency to locate the odor source, a metric that reflects olfactory sensitivity under different physiological states, is determined by software analysis. Here, we discuss the critical mechanics of running this behavioral paradigm and cover specific issues regarding fly loading, odor contamination, assay temperature, data quality, and statistical analysis.

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

واحدة ذبابة الفحص لسلوك البحث عن الطعام في<em&gt; ذبابة الفاكهة</em

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video ...

تحليل سلوك العلف الناجم عن السكر في ذبابة الفاكهة

Tracking Sugar-Elicited Local Searching Behavior in Drosophila

Foraging behavior is essential for the survival of organisms as it enables them to locate and acquire essential food resources. In Drosophila, hunger triggers a distinct search behavior following the consumption of small quantities of a sugar solution. This report presents a simple experimental setup to study sugar-elicited search behavior with the aim of uncovering the underlying mechanisms. Minute quantities of concentrated sugar solution elicit sustained searching behavior in flies. The involvement of path integration in this behavior has been established, as flies utilize their trajectory to return to the sugar location. The most recent findings provide evidence of temporal modulation in the initiation and intensity of the search behavior after sugar intake. We have also used this setup for artificial activation of specific taste-receptor neurons in the pharynx, which elicits the search behavior. The Drosophila neurogenetic toolkit offers a diverse array of tools and techniques that can be combined with the sugar-elicited search behavior paradigm to study the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying foraging. Understanding the neural basis of hunger-driven searching behavior in flies contributes to the field of neurobiology as a whole, offering insights into the regulatory mechanisms that govern feeding behaviors not only in other organisms but also in humans.

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: استكشاف المسارات السلوكية من خلال رؤى عبر الأنواع في البحث عن الطعام والتواصل

This protocol describes a behavioral assay for recording sugar-elicited search behavior using Drosophila melanogaster. The assay can be utilized to study feeding and foraging-related behaviors, as well as the underlying neuronal mechanisms.

تتبع سلوك البحث المحلي المستحث بالسكر في ذبابة الفاكهة

Foraging behavior is essential for the survival of organisms as it enables them to locate and acquire essential food resources. In Drosophila, hunger ...

The CApillary FEeder Assay Measures Food Intake in Drosophila melanogaster

For most animals, feeding is an essential behavior for securing survival, and it influences development, locomotion, health and reproduction. Ingestion of the right type and quantity of food therefore has a major influence on quality of life. Research on feeding behavior focuses on the underlying processes that ensure actual feeding and unravels the role of factors regulating internal energy homeostasis and the neuronal bases of decision-making. The model organism Drosophila melanogaster, with its great variety of genetically traceable tools for labeling and manipulating single neurons, allows mapping of neuronal networks and identification of molecular signaling cascades involved in the regulation of food intake. This report demonstrates the CApillary FEeder assay (CAFE) and shows how to measure food intake in a group of flies for time spans ranging from hours to days. This easy-to-use assay consists of glass capillaries filled with liquid food that flies can freely access and feed on. Food consumption in the assay is accurately determined using simple measurement tools. Herein we describe step-by-step the method from setup to successful execution of the CAFE assay, and provide practical examples to analyze the food intake of a group of flies under controlled conditions. The reader is guided through possible limitations of the assay, and advantages and disadvantages of the method compared to other feeding assays in D. melanogaster are evaluated.

The CApillary FEeder Assay Measures Food Intake in Drosophila melanogaster

The CApillary FEeder (CAFE) assay is a simple, budget-friendly, highly reliable method for investigating mechanisms underlying food intake. Used with the highly versatile genetic model organism Drosophila melanogaster, it provides a powerful means of gaining new insights into regulatory mechanisms of food intake.

الشعيرات الدموية المغذية الفحص يقيس كمية الطعام في<em&gt; ذبابة الفاكهة</em

For most animals, feeding is an essential behavior for securing survival, and it influences development, locomotion, health and reproduction. Ingestion of ...

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Despite decades of investigation, the neuronal and molecular bases of motivational states remain mysterious. We have recently developed a novel, reductionist, and scalable system for in-depth investigation of motivation using the mating drive of male Drosophila&#160;melanogaster (Drosophila), the methods for which we detail here. The behavioral paradigm centers on the finding that male mating drive decreases alongside fertility over the course of repeated copulations and recovers over ~3 d. In this system, the powerful neurogenetic tools available in the fly converge with the genetic accessibility and putative wiring diagram available for sexual behavior. This convergence allows rapid isolation and interrogation of small neuronal populations with specific motivational functions. Here we detail the design and execution of the satiety assay that is used to measure and alter courtship motivation in the male fly. Using this assay, we also demonstrate that low male mating drive can be overcome by stimulating dopaminergic neurons. The satiety assay is simple, affordable, and robust to influences of genetic background. We expect the satiety assay to generate many new insights into the neurobiology of motivational states.

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

This article describes a behavioral assay that uses male mating drive in Drosophila melanogaster to study motivation. Using this method, researchers can utilize advanced fly neurogenetic techniques to uncover the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that underlie this motivation.

قياس وتغيير التزاوج محرك في ذكر<em&gt; ذبابة الفاكهة</em

Despite decades of investigation, the neuronal and molecular bases of motivational states remain mysterious. We have recently developed a novel, ...

Quantification of Macronutrients Intake in a Thermogenetic Neuronal Screen using Drosophila Larvae

Foraging and feeding behaviors allow animals to access sources of energy and nutrients essential for their development, health, and fitness. Investigating the neuronal regulation of these behaviors is essential for the understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying nutritional homeostasis. The use of genetically tractable animal models such as worms, flies, and fish greatly facilitates these types of studies. In the last decade, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a powerful animal model by neurobiologists investigating the neuronal control of feeding and foraging behaviors. While undoubtedly valuable, most studies examine adult flies. Here, we describe a protocol that takes advantage of the simpler larval nervous system to investigate neuronal substrates controlling feeding behaviors when larvae are exposed to diets differing in their protein and carbohydrates content. Our methods are based on a quantitative colorimetric no-choice feeding assay, performed in the context of a neuronal thermogenetic-activation screen. As a read-out, the amount of food eaten by larvae over a 1 h interval was used when exposed to one of the three dye-labeled diets that differ in their protein to carbohydrates (P:C) ratios. The efficacy of this protocol is demonstrated in the context of a neurogenetic screen in larval Drosophila, by identifying candidate neuronal populations regulating the amount of food eaten in diets of different macronutrient quality. We were also able to classify and group the genotypes tested into phenotypic classes. Besides a brief review of the currently available methods in the literature, the advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed and, also, some suggestions are provided about how this protocol might be adapted to other specific experiments.

Quantification of Macronutrients Intake in a Thermogenetic Neuronal Screen using Drosophila Larvae

Described here is a protocol that enables the colorimetric quantification of the amount of food eaten within a defined interval of time by Drosophila melanogaster larvae exposed to diets of different macronutrient quality. These assays are conducted in the context of a neuronal thermogenetic screen.

القياس الكمي لمدون المغذيات الكبيرة في شاشة عصبية حرارية جينية باستخدام يرقات دروسوفيلا

Foraging and feeding behaviors allow animals to access sources of energy and nutrients essential for their development, health, and fitness. Investigating ...

طريقة بسيطة لقياس التغيرات في السلوك المكافأة التماس طريق

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الجمع بين تناول الطعام الكمية فحوصات وتنشيط الخلايا العصبية لدراسة الشهية في المورفولوجية قسراً

طرق الفحص ذبابة الفاكهة سلوك

مشهي التعلم النقابي في الشم

واحدة ذبابة الفحص لسلوك البحث عن الطعام في

تتبع سلوك البحث المحلي المستحث بالسكر في ذبابة الفاكهة

تتبع سلوك البحث المحلي المستحث بالسكر في ذبابة الفاكهة

تتبع سلوك البحث المحلي المستحث بالسكر في ذبابة الفاكهة

الشعيرات الدموية المغذية الفحص يقيس كمية الطعام في

قياس وتغيير التزاوج محرك في ذكر

القياس الكمي لمدون المغذيات الكبيرة في شاشة عصبية حرارية جينية باستخدام يرقات دروسوفيلا