isolation-native-soil-microorganisms-with-potential-for-breaking-down

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture

Fungi native to agricultural soils that colonized commercially available biodegradable mulch (BDM) films were isolated and assessed for potential to ...

Washington State University Northwestern Research and Extension Center

Hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (HTPP) is a rare disorder affecting primarily men of Asian descent. Males are 20 times more likely to be affected than females. The following case describes a young Native American female with HTPP.

Hypokalemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a case report and review.

La paralysie p&eacute;riodique thyrotoxique hypokali&eacute;mique (HTPP) est une affection rare qui touche principalement les hommes d&#39;origine asiatique. Les m&acirc;les sont 20 fois plus susceptibles d&#39;&ecirc;tre affect&eacute;s que les femelles. L&#39;affaire suivante d&eacute;crit une jeune femme am&eacute;rindienne avec HTPP.

Paralysie p&eacute;riodique thyrotoxique de hypokali&eacute;mique: a case report and review.

Paralisi periodica ipokaliemica thyrotoxic (HTPP) &egrave; una malattia rara che colpisce principalmente gli uomini di origine asiatica. I maschi sono 20 volte pi&ugrave; probabili di essere colpiti rispetto alle femmine. Il caso seguente descrive una femmina giovane nativo americana con HTPP.

Paralisi periodica ipokaliemica thyrotoxic: un case report e revisione.

Larvae of Manduca sexta are facultative specialists on plants in the family Solanaceae. Larvae reared on solanaceous foliage develop a strong preference for their host; otherwise, they remain polyphagous. The host-specific recognition cue in potato foliage for Manduca larvae is the steroidal glycoside, indioside D. Two pairs of galeal taste sensilla, the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica, are both necessary and sufficient for the feeding preferences of host-restricted larvae. We conducted electrophysiological tip recordings from sensilla of solanaceous or wheat germ diet-reared larvae. For each animal, recordings of the responses to indioside D, glucose, tomatine and KCl were compared. All responses included both phasic and tonic portions. The sensilla styloconica of solanaceous-reared larvae were tuned to indioside D, defined as maintaining a high sensitivity to indioside D, while showing lower sensitivity to other plant compounds. Half of the sensillar neurons of solanaceous-reared larvae were 'tuned' to indioside D, whereas those of wheat germ diet-reared larvae were not. The different responses between the two types of animals were a result of changes of individual receptor cells' responses in the sensilla. Feeding on solanaceous foliage therefore appears to result in a modification of the physiological responses of individual taste receptor cells that causes them to be tuned to the host-recognition cue indioside D. We propose that this tuning is the basis for the host-restricted larvae's strong behavioral preferences for solanaceous foliage.

Chemosensory tuning to a host recognition cue in the facultative specialist larvae of the moth Manduca sexta.

Larves de Manduca sexta sont sp&eacute;cialistes facultatives sur les plantes de la famille des Solanaceae. Les larves &eacute;lev&eacute;es sur feuillage solanac&eacute;e d&eacute;veloppent une forte pr&eacute;f&eacute;rence pour leur h&ocirc;te ; dans le cas contraire, ils restent polyphages. Le rep&egrave;re de reconnaissance sp&eacute;cifique de l&#39;h&ocirc;te dans le feuillage de pomme de terre pour les larves de Manduca est le steroidal glycoside, indioside D. Deux paires de sensilles go&ucirc;t galeal, la styloconica des sensilles lat&eacute;rale et m&eacute;diale, sont n&eacute;cessaires et suffisantes pour les pr&eacute;f&eacute;rences alimentaires des larves h&ocirc;te restreint. Nous avons effectu&eacute; des enregistrements &eacute;lectrophysiologiques pointe de sensilles de solanac&eacute;es ou larves &eacute;lev&eacute;es en r&eacute;gime de germe de bl&eacute;. Pour chaque animal, les enregistrements des r&eacute;ponses aux indioside D, glucose, tomatine et KCl ont &eacute;t&eacute; compar&eacute;s. Toutes les r&eacute;ponses comprenaient des portions phasiques et toniques. Le styloconica de sensilles de larves &eacute;lev&eacute;es solanac&eacute;es diffusaient indioside D, d&eacute;fini comme le maintien d&#39;une grande sensibilit&eacute; aux indioside D, tout en montrant une sensibilit&eacute; inf&eacute;rieure &agrave; d&#39;autres compos&eacute;s de la plante. La moiti&eacute; des neurones sensilles de larves &eacute;lev&eacute;es solanac&eacute;es &laquo; diffusaient &raquo; indioside D, alors que ceux des larves &eacute;lev&eacute;es en r&eacute;gime de germe de bl&eacute; n&#39;ont pas. Les r&eacute;actions diff&eacute;rentes entre les deux types d&#39;animaux sont la cons&eacute;quence des changements des r&eacute;ponses des cellules de r&eacute;cepteurs individuels dans les sensilles. Se nourrissant de la famille des solanac&eacute;es feuillage semble donc entra&icirc;ner une modification des r&eacute;ponses physiologiques des cellules r&eacute;ceptrices go&ucirc;ts individuels qui les am&egrave;ne &agrave; &ecirc;tre &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;coute de l&#39;h&ocirc;te-reconnaissance cue indioside D. Nous proposons que cette mise au point est la base pour les pr&eacute;f&eacute;rences comportementales marqu&eacute;es de larve h&ocirc;te restreint pour le feuillage des solanac&eacute;es.

Chemosensory tuning &agrave; un signal de reconnaissance h&ocirc;te chez les larves de sp&eacute;cialiste facultative de la teigne Manduca sexta.

Larve di Manduca sexta sono facoltativi specialisti su piante della famiglia delle Solanaceae. Le larve allevate su solanacee fogliame sviluppano una forte preferenza per il loro ospite; in caso contrario, essi rimangono polifago. Il cue host specifico riconoscimento nel fogliame di patata per le larve Manduca &egrave; il glucoside steroideo, D. indioside Due coppie di sensilli gusto galeal, il styloconica di sensilli laterale e mediale, sono entrambi necessari e sufficienti per le preferenze di alimentazione delle larve di host-limitato. Abbiamo effettuato registrazioni elettrofisiologiche punta da sensilli delle solanacee o allevati in dieta larve di germe di grano. Per ciascun animale, registrazioni delle risposte indioside D, glucosio, tomatine e KCl sono stati confrontati. Tutte le risposte comprendeva porzioni sia fasiche e toniche. Il styloconica di sensilli delle solanacee allevati larve erano sintonizzati a indioside D, definito come mantenere una sensibilit&agrave; elevata di indioside D, pur mostrando sensibilit&agrave; inferiore ad altri composti vegetali. La met&agrave; dei neuroni sensillar delle solanacee allevati larve erano &#39;sintonizzata&#39; indioside D, mentre quelli di germe di grano allevati dieta larve non erano. Le risposte differenti tra i due tipi di animali sono il risultato di cambiamenti delle risposte delle cellule individuali del recettore nei sensilli. Alimentazione su solanacee fogliame sembra pertanto comportare una modifica delle risposte fisiologiche delle cellule del ricevitore di gusto individuale che li induce ad essere sintonizzato per il riconoscimento di host cue indioside D. Noi proponiamo che questa accordatura &egrave; la base per forti preferenze comportamentali di larve limitato da host per il fogliame solanacee.

Carol Miles

Washington State University Northwestern Research and Extension Center

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture