Chapter 11
Control of Gene Expression
细胞特异性基因表达
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same ...
表达调节发生在多个步骤
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the ...
顺式调节序列
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments ...
转录调节因子的协同结合
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are ...
原核转录激活剂和阻遏剂
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes ...
真核生物启动子区域
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and ...
共激活因子和共阻遏因子
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in ...
主转录调节因子
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these ...
调节 mRNA 转运
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the ...
mRNA 稳定性和基因表达
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the ...
微小RNA
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between ...
小干扰 RNA （siRNA）
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional ...
lncRNA - 长链非编码 RNA
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding ...
表观遗传调控
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. ...
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