16.1 : 焦虑：概述

Anxiety, a mental disorder characterized by excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affects daily life.

Common symptoms include sweating, trembling, tachycardia, palpitations, and sleep disturbances.

Clinically, anxiety disorders encompass generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobias, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD.

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive anxiety without specific triggers.

Social anxiety disorder features an intense fear of social interactions and gatherings.

Phobias are intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as snakes or flying.

Panic attacks are sudden and overwhelming bouts of fear, often leading to chest pain or a choking sensation.

PTSD is characterized by distressing flashbacks of traumatic experiences, eliciting anxiety. In contrast, OCD entails irrational anxiety leading to repetitive behaviors, such as excessive handwashing due to contamination concerns.