需要订阅 JoVE 才能查看此. 登录或开始免费试用。
磁力显微镜(MFM)采用垂直磁化原子力显微镜探头以纳米级分辨率测量样品形貌和局部磁场强度。优化MFM空间分辨率和灵敏度需要在降低提升高度与增加驱动(振荡)振幅之间取得平衡,并且受益于在惰性气氛手套箱中操作。
磁力显微镜(MFM)能够以纳米级分辨率绘制样品表面的局部磁场。为了执行MFM,将尖端垂直磁化(即垂直于探针悬臂)的原子力显微镜(AFM)探针在样品表面上方的固定高度振荡。然后跟踪和绘制振荡相位或频率的由此产生的偏移,这些偏移与每个像素位置的垂直磁力梯度的大小和符号成正比。尽管该技术的空间分辨率和灵敏度随着表面以上提升高度的降低而增加,但这种看似简单的改进MFM图像的途径因诸如由于较短范围的范德华力而最小化地形伪影,增加振荡幅度以进一步提高灵敏度以及表面污染物的存在(特别是由于环境条件下的湿度引起的水)而变得复杂。此外,由于探头磁偶极矩的方向,MFM本质上对具有面外磁化矢量的样品更敏感。本文报道了在惰性(氩气)气氛手套箱中获得的单组分和双组分纳米磁人工自旋冰(ASI)阵列的高分辨率形貌和磁性相位图像,其含量为<0.1 ppm O 2和H2 O。讨论了提升高度和驱动幅度的优化,以实现高分辨率和灵敏度,同时避免引入地形伪影,并显示了从在ASI样品表面平面上对齐的纳米级条形磁铁(~250 nm长和<100 nm宽)两端发出的杂散磁场的检测。同样,以Ni-Mn-Ga磁性形状记忆合金(MSMA)为例,MFM在惰性气氛中得到证明,具有磁相位灵敏度,能够分辨一系列~200nm宽的相邻磁畴。
磁力显微镜 (MFM) 是原子力显微镜 (AFM) 的扫描探针显微镜 (SPM) 衍生物,能够对磁化探针尖端在样品表面上方行进时所经历的相对较弱但长程的磁力进行成像1,2,3,4,5。AFM是一种无损表征技术,它在柔韧的悬臂末端使用纳米级尖端来绘制表面形貌6,并以纳米级分辨率测量材料(例如,机械,电气和磁性)特性7,8,9。由于感兴趣的尖端 - 样品相互作用引起的悬臂偏转是通过激光从悬臂背面反射到位置敏感光电二极管10中来测量的。通过MFM对材料的局部磁性进行高分辨率成像,为表征纳米级新型材料、结构和器件中的磁场强度和取向提供了独特的机会4,5,11,12
注意:除了下面的协议外,补充 文件1还包括特定于此处使用的仪器并针对一般MFM成像的详细分步MFM标准操作程序(SOP)。为了补充本手稿的视频部分,SOP 包括探头支架、尖端磁化器和磁化程序、软件设置等的图像。
1. MFM探头的准备和安装
人造自旋冰(ASI)晶格
人造自旋冰是光刻定义的相互作用纳米磁体的二维网络。它们在设计上表现出挫败感(即,在能源景观中存在许多局部最小值)21,42,43。高分辨率MFM成像阐明了阵列组件之间的磁性构型和相互作用,为更好地了解晶格21的自旋冰状态提供了独特的机会。用于MFM成像的自?.......
高分辨率MFM成像要求首先为每条线采集相应的高分辨率、高保真形貌扫描。这种形貌扫描通常通过间歇接触或敲击模式AFM获得,AFM采用幅度调制反馈系统对样品形貌47进行成像。形貌扫描的保真度可以通过调整协议中所述的悬臂的振幅设定点和反馈增益来优化。振幅设定值至关重要,因为它控制探头尖端和样品表面之间的相互作用程度。设定值过低通常会导致样品表面和/或探头?.......
作者没有什么可透露的。
所有AFM / MFM成像均在博伊西州立大学表面科学实验室(SSL)进行。这项工作中使用的手套箱AFM系统是根据美国国家科学基金会主要研究仪器(NSF MRI)批准号1727026购买的,该系统还为PHD,ACP和OOM提供了部分支持。对OOM的部分支持由NSF CAREER资助号1945650进一步提供。特拉华大学的研究,包括人造自旋冰结构的制造和电子显微镜表征,得到了美国能源部基础能源科学办公室材料科学与工程部的支持,奖励为DE-SC0020308。作者感谢Medha Veligatla博士和Peter Müllner博士对此处所示的Ni-Mn-Ga样品的有益讨论和制备,以及Corey Efaw博士和Lance Patten博士对MFM标准操作程序的贡献,包括在 补充文件1中。
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Atomic force microscope | Bruker | Dimension Icon | Uses Nanoscope control software |
Glovebox, inert atmosphere | MBraun | LabMaster Pro MB200B + MB20G gas purification unit | Custom design (leaktight electrical feedthroughs, vibration isolation, acoustical noise and air current minimization, etc.) and depth for use with Bruker Dimension Icon AFM, 3 gloves, argon atmosphere |
MFM probe | Bruker | MESP | k = 3 N/m, f0 = 75 kHz, r = 35 nm, 400 Oe coercivity, 1 x 10-13 EMU moment. An improved version with tighter specifications, the MESP-V2, is now available. We have also used Bruker's MESP-RC (2x higher resonance frequency than the standard MESP, f0 = 150 kHz, with a marginally stiffer nominal spring constant of 5 N/m) and other MESP variants designed for low (0.3 x 10-13 EMU) or high (3 x 10-13 EMU) moment (i.e., MESP-LM or MESP-HM, respectively) or coercivity. A variety pack of 10 probes containing 4x regular MESP, 3x MESP-LM, and 3x MESP-HM variants is available from Bruker as MESPSP. Other vendors also manufacture MFM probes with specifications similar to the MESP (e.g., PPP-MFMR from Nanosensors, also available in a variety of variants, including -LC for low coercivity, -LM for low moment, and SSS for "super sharp" decreased tip radius; MAGT from AppNano, available in low moment [-LM] and high moment [-HM] variants). Similarly, Team Nanotec offers a line of high resolution MFM probes (HR-MFM) with several options in terms of cantilever spring constant and magnetic coating thickness. |
MFM test sample | Bruker | MFMSAMPLE | Section of magnetic recording tape mounted on a 12 mm diameter steel puck; useful for troubleshooting and ensuring the MFM probe is magnetized and functioning properly |
Nanscope Analysis | Bruker | Version 2.0 | Free AFM image processing and analysis software package, but proprietary, designed for, and limited to Bruker AFMs; similar functionality is available from free, platform-independent AFM image processing and analysis software packages such as Gwyddion, WSxM, and others |
Probe holder | Bruker | DAFMCH or DCHNM | Specific to the particular AFM used; DAFMCH is the standard contact and tapping mode probe holder, suitable for most MFM applications, while DCHNM is a special nonmagnet version for particularly sensitive MFM imaging |
Probe magnetizer | Bruker | DMFM-START | MFM "starter kit" designed specifically for the Dimension Icon AFM; includes 1 box of 10 MESP probes (see above), a probe magnetizer (vertically aligned, ~2,000 Oe magnet in a mount designed to accommodate the DAFMCH or DCHNM probe holder, above), and a magnetic tape sample (MFMSAMPLE, above) |
Sample Puck | Ted Pella | 16218 | Product number is for 15 mm diameter stainless steel sample puck. Also available in 6 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, and 20 mm diameters at https://www.tedpella.com/AFM_html/AFM.aspx#anchor842459 |
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) | Zeiss Merlin | Gemini II | SEM parameters: 5 keV accelaration voltage, 30 pA electron current, 5 mm working distance. Due to nm scale ASI lattice features, the aperture and stigmation alignment were adjusted before acquisition to produce high quality images. |
请求许可使用此 JoVE 文章的文本或图形
请求许可探索更多文章
This article has been published
Video Coming Soon
版权所属 © 2025 MyJoVE 公司版权所有,本公司不涉及任何医疗业务和医疗服务。