Ko是支持由美国心脏协会的资助。

在您开始之前成人心<ol><li>刚准备人工血淋巴（AH）的解决方案包含108MM娜5mm的K +，2mm的钙2 +，8MM氯化镁2，1MM的NaH 2 PO 4，4MM碳酸氢钠3，10mm的蔗糖，5mm的海藻糖，5MM的HEPES（pH值7.1，所有的试剂从西格玛化学品）。蔗糖和海藻糖应添加到AH冷藏库存解决方案在使用前，为了防止细菌污染。 </li><li>带来AH室温至少15分钟的含氧空气鼓泡解决方案。 </li><li>拉几个细的毛细血管（如玻璃毛细管，100ul，VWR）去除脂肪。 </li></ol>幼虫的心<ol><li> Sylgard涂层的盖玻片:使用牙签，转移到22x22mm盖玻片约50 -70μlSylgard解决方案。在65℃过夜，让Sylgard变硬。 </li><li>准备Broadie和巴特的缓冲区（135mm的氯化钠，氯化钾5MM，4MM MgCl 2的 ，2MM 氯化钙 ，5mm的工商业污水附加费，36mm的蔗糖，pH值7.15 Broadie和巴特，1993年）。 </li><li>准备申请histoacryl胶所需的工具。首先，拉几个细的毛细血管（例如科学产品GB100T8P）。用小塑料管（聚乙烯，1 / 32"），由较小的一端插入管连接一个1.5毫升枪头。一个具有广泛开放的另一端插入毛细管。 Histoacryl胶的胶水和温和的吸力下降到塑料尖的毛细管浸入负载毛细管。胶工作时，手头应该有第二个玻璃毛细管，以消除过度胶胶水毛细管的尖端。胶水液体，直到它接触到的缓冲液，几秒钟内它就会变硬。但是，它通常仍然是塑料的，足够长的时间从胶水毛细管尖或同时应用到的标本中删除。 </li></ol>从成人飞半完整的果蝇心脏<ol><li>成年果蝇苍蝇飞2-5分钟的小睡（北卡罗来纳州生物供应公司）麻醉。必须小心，不要离开苍蝇在飞午睡长时间曝光。短期受寒也可以用于麻醉苍蝇，但CO 2是不推荐，因为它已不再对心率和节律性的持久的影响。 </li><li>麻醉苍蝇被放在背侧下来，到涂有一层薄薄的凡士林培养皿中。可逆的翅膀和身体的疏水角质层"棒"的果冻，但如果需要的话，可以重新定位的飞。这在随后的操作就显得尤为重要。 </li><li>最初的削减是用弯曲的弹簧剪刀对（Roboz＃5611）。剪刀的刀片放在腿下，向附近的颈部胸部背侧表面角度。单一切割头，腹神经索，腿被删除。然后淹没在一个含氧，人工血淋巴（AH）的解决方案的准备工作。 </li><li>使用弹簧剪刀腹部（包括7和第8腹节）后提示删除与单一的削减。这提供了访问沿着腹部的两个边缘的横向削减和供应切断后肠道和腹部角质层之间的连接。腹腹部角质层中解脱出来的皮瓣，然后删除。 </li><li>在步骤3和4对肠道的前部和后部的连接被切断，使腹部器官，现在只由tracheols地方举行。肠道和其他腹部器官，通常可以作为一个单一的大规模使用珠宝商的镊子（Roboz，＃55）和温柔揪着删除。卸下内部器官，揭示仍然附着在背的角质层是由脂肪组织包围着心脏的跳动管。 </li><li>脂肪组织在光镜下相当不透明的，因此它往往是必要去除一些脂肪，以清楚地看到心管。这是通过使用一个吸脂精心绘制的玻璃毛细管技术。毛细血管是使用标准的吸管拉马（如萨特的P - 97移液器拖轮），然后插入塑料管连接到真空源（聚乙烯，1 / 16"）。这个系统是用来关闭多余的脂肪吸从心管周围。吸力尖端直径成正比，所以不应使用提示直径超过40微米的移液器。必须格外小心避免触及心脏本身，因为后部的心是很脆弱的，该地区应完全避免。 </li><li>现在暴露在成年果蝇心管应跳动。如果有必要，可以重新定位的角质层和附加的心轻轻提起凡士林的角质层，并仔细捣固它背下来，又避免与心脏组织有任何接触。在t他的观点洗澡准备的解决方案，应更换新鲜的AHL。应该允许这种准备与充氧20-30分钟达到平衡之前，任何操作。如果准备工作是要维持的时间超过60分钟，应该灌注新鲜的AHL。 </li></ol>固定化果蝇幼虫光学记录<ol><li> Sylgard盖玻片的每个角落放置一个Histoacryl胶水下降。胶滴加入B＆B的缓冲液50μL，就会变硬即刻。填写的B＆B粘点之间的空间 - 胶水将保持在幻灯片上的缓冲区。 </li><li>流浪L3幼虫放在一块冰浴2分钟的湿纸巾。这将减缓其运动。然后转移到缓冲区和东方背侧（这是缺乏的锯齿皮带的幼虫侧）的幼虫。快速应用一些胶水之间的头部区域和Sylgard。胶水会变硬非常迅速，防止幼虫的头部移动。 </li><li>使用镊子小心抢后气孔动物，轻轻地舒展。沿幼虫双方申请在后半部的胶固定在这个位置上的幼虫。为了减少进一步的运动由体壁肌肉的角质层，动物的侧面添加更多的胶水。幼虫现在是固定在这个位置上。盖玻片放入一个小的Petri菜充满AHL或PBS。心跳，现在可以记录，不受体壁运动的干扰。 </li></ol>代表性的成果: 几个小时半完整的成年果蝇心脏搏动以下清扫时，在保持新鲜，含氧啊（见补充资料，Ocorr，等，2007）。一个代表性的例子是在影片1所示。 第三龄幼虫和年轻的苍蝇（1 - 3周后羽化）心中普遍表现出心脏跳动在定期利率介于1 - 3赫兹。苍蝇比3个星期一般都比较心律失常以上;然而，这些心中仍然能够击败自发地在含氧的AHL小时。在解剖过程的结果损坏的成蝇的心中通常出现极度收缩的局部地区，都不能放松。心跳率超过1 Hz的慢，很少看到苍蝇超过3周的年龄年轻，因此这类制剂被认为是破坏和被丢弃。 <a href="http://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/1425/MOVIE1.avi">点击这里下载电影1</a> -一个星期岁成年野生型飞（W 1118实验室应变），显示裸露的腹部心管（前左） 。请注意定期，节律性收缩。在右上角的不透明区域是剩余的腹部脂肪组织;心两侧的圆形细胞是心包的细胞。

<ol><li>Ocorr, K., Reeves, N., Wessells, R. J., Fink, M., Chen, H. -S. V., Akasaka, T., Yasuda, S., Metzger, J., Giles, W., Posakony, J. W., Bodmer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((KCNQ+potassium+channel+mutations+cause+cardiac+arrhythmias+in+Drosophila+that+mimic+the+effects+of+aging%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5BJournal%5D)">KCNQ potassium channel mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias in Drosophila that mimic the effects of aging.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104, 3943-3948 (2007).</li>
<li>Broadie, K. S., Bate, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Development+of+the+embryonic+neuromuscular+synapse+of+Drosophila+melanogaster%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neurosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Development of the embryonic neuromuscular synapse of Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J Neurosci. 13, 144-166 (1993).</li>
</ol>

果蝇模型已被证明是一个强大的遗传工具，已经被用来解决各种科学问题，从胚胎发育，学习和记忆不等。最近这种多功能的模式生物用于研究在果蝇心脏功能的基因。一些试图量化在成年果蝇的心脏生理依赖于完整的苍蝇经腹角质层的意见。这些方法大多依靠肉眼观察或改变录音，通过腹部的量化一个参数，心率在光照强度变送器。这些方法有一些限制:通常只有心前结束，可以观察到，我们正...

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visualizing the beating heart in drosophila

"<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;心脏最近出现了一个很好的模型系统研究生肌心中的基本功能的基因，细胞和分子机制。在飞行检查心脏功能的一个关键的一步是寻找一种方法来访问的方式，保留其生肌的功能，同时仍然允许跳动的心脏器官进行观察和记录的心。两种不同的方法，观察和记录中的幼虫和成人心脏跳动<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;这里描述。成蝇半完整的准备允许在不干扰色素的角质层和覆脂肪体腹部心脏清晰的可视化。记录幼虫心脏跳动，它是必要的，以固定的幼虫，最大限度地减少体壁运动，从而减少心脏运动不与心肌收缩。我们的方法产生稳定的成年和幼虫的心准备，可以在1-3赫兹率击败小时。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualizing the Beating Heart in Drosophila at JoVE.com

Visualizing the Beating Heart in Drosophila

技术所需的可视化的幼虫和成虫在跳动的心脏<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;提交。每个人生阶段需要不同的方法。

可视化心脏跳动果蝇</em

The Drosophila heart has recently emerged as a good model system for examining the genetic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying function in ...

visualizing-the-beating-heart-in-drosophila

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Visualizing the Beating Heart in Drosophila

18.7K 次观看.  The Sanford Burnham Institute for Medical Research. 技术所需的可视化的幼虫和成虫在跳动的心脏果蝇提交。每个人生阶段需要不同的方法。

视频: Visualizing the Beating Heart in Drosophila

Visualizing the Live Drosophila Glial-neuromuscular Junction with Fluorescent Dyes

Our project identified GFP labeled glial structures at the developing larval fly neuromuscular synapse. To look at development of live glial-nerve-muscle synapses, we developed a larval tissue preparation that had features of live intact larvae, but also had good optical properties.  This new preparation also allowed for access of perfusates to the synapse.  We used fly larvae, immersed them in artificial hemolymph, and relaxed their normal rhythmic body contractions by chilling them. Next we dissected off the posterior segments of each animal and with a blunt insect pin pushed the mouth parts backward through the body cavity.  This everted the larval body wall, like turning a sock inside-out.  We completed the dissection with ultra-fine dissection scissors and thus exposed the visceral side of the body wall muscles. The glial structures at the NMJ expressed membrane targeted GFP under the control of glial specific promoters. The post-synaptic membrane, the SSR (Subsynaptic Reticula) in muscle expressed synaptically targeted dsRed. We needed to acutely label the motor neuron terminals, the third part of the synapse. To do this we applied primary antibodies to HRP, conjugated to a far-red emitting flurophore.  To test for dye diffusion properties into the perisynaptic space between the motor neuron terminals and the SSR, we applied a solution of large Dextran molecules conjugated to far-red emitting flurophore and collected images.

Visualizing the Live Drosophila Glial-neuromuscular Junction with Fluorescent Dyes

We described structural features of the Glia-neuromuscular synapses in a novel Inside-out tissue preparation of live fly larvae using fluorescent dyes with confocal microscopy. We labeled live neuron terminals with fluorescent primary antibodies to HRP, and also visualized the perisynaptic space with fluorescent Dextrans.

可视化的Live果蝇胶质细胞神经​​肌肉交界处，与荧光染料

Our project identified GFP labeled glial structures at the developing larval fly neuromuscular synapse. To look at development of live glial-nerve-muscle ...

科研

生物学

Fluorescent Labeling of Drosophila Heart Structures

The Drosophila melanogaster dorsal vessel, or heart, is a tubular structure comprised of a single layer of contractile cardiomyocytes, pericardial cells that align along each side of the heart wall, supportive alary muscles and, in adults, a layer of ventral longitudinal muscle cells. The contractile fibers house conserved constituents of the muscle cytoarchitecture including densely packed bundles of myofibrils and cytoskeletal/submembranous protein complexes, which interact with homologous components of the extracellular matrix. Here we describe a protocol for the fixation and the fluorescent labeling of particular myocardial elements from the hearts of dissected larvae and semi-intact adult Drosophila. Specifically, we demonstrate the labeling of sarcomeric F-actin and of &alpha;-actinin in larval hearts. Additionally, we perform labeling of F-actin and &alpha;-actinin in myosin-GFP expressing adult flies and of &alpha;-actinin and pericardin, a type IV extracellular matrix collagen, in wild type adult hearts. Particular attention is given to a mounting strategy for semi-intact adult hearts that minimizes handling and optimizes the opportunity for maintaining the integrity of the cardiac tubes and the associated tissues. These preparations are suitable for imaging via fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Overall, this procedure allows for careful and detailed analysis of the structural characteristics of the heart from a powerful genetically tractable model system.

Fluorescent Labeling of Drosophila Heart Structures

Here we describe a basic protocol for fluorescent labeling of different elements of heart tubes from larva and adult Drosophila melanogaster. These specimens are well-suited for imaging via fluorescent or confocal microscopy. This technique permits detailed structural analysis of the features of the hearts from a powerful model organism.

荧光标记的果蝇心结构

The Drosophila melanogaster dorsal vessel, or heart, is a tubular structure comprised of a single layer of contractile cardiomyocytes, pericardial cells ...

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

We have developed a method for analyzing high speed optical recordings from Drosophila, zebrafish and embryonic mouse hearts (Fink, et. al., 2009). Our Semi-automatic Optical Heartbeat Analysis (SOHA) uses a novel movement detection algorithm that is able to detect cardiac movements associated with individual contractile and relaxation events. The program provides a host of physiologically relevant readouts including systolic and diastolic intervals, heart rate, as well as qualitative and quantitative measures of heartbeat arrhythmicity. The program also calculates heart diameter measurements during both diastole and systole from which fractional shortening and fractional area changes are calculated. Output is provided as a digital file compatible with most spreadsheet programs. Measurements are made for every heartbeat in a record increasing the statistical power of the output. We demonstrate each of the steps where user input is required and show the application of our methodology to the analysis of heart function in all three genetically tractable heart models.

We have developed a Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis method (SOHA) for analyzing high speed optical recordings from Drosophila, zebrafish and embryonic mouse hearts. We demonstrate the application of our methodology to the analysis of heart function in fruit fly and embryonic mouse hearts.

半自动小红桃光学心跳分析

We have developed a method for analyzing high speed optical recordings from Drosophila, zebrafish and embryonic mouse hearts (Fink, et. al., 2009). Our ...

Monitoring Heart Function in Larval Drosophila melanogaster for Physiological Studies

We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained and restrained whole larvae. For direct control of the environment around the heart another approach utilizes the dissected larvae and removal of the internal organs in order to bathe the heart in desired compounds. The exposed heart also allows membrane potentials to be monitored which can give insight of the ionic currents generated by the myocytes and for electrical conduction along the heart tube. These approaches have various advantages and disadvantages for future experiments that are discussed. The larval heart preparation provides an additional model besides the Drosophila skeletal NMJ to investigate the role of intracellular calcium regulation on cellular function. Learning more about the underlying ionic currents that shape the action potentials in myocytes in various species, one can hope to get a handle on the known ionic dysfunctions associated to specific genes responsible for various diseases in mammals.

Monitoring Heart Function in Larval Drosophila melanogaster for Physiological Studies

We present various ways to monitor heart function in the larva of Drosophila for assessing questions dealing with the function of gap junctions, ion channel mutations, modulation of pacemaker activity and pharmacological studies.

在幼虫的监测心脏功能果蝇生理研究

We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained  and  ...

Preparation of embryos for Electron Microscopy of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube

The morphogenesis of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube has emerged as a valuable model system for studying cell migration, cell-cell adhesion and cell shape changes during embryonic development. One of the challenges faced in studying this structure is that the lumen of the heart tube, as well as the membrane features that are crucial to heart tube formation, are difficult to visualize in whole mount embryos, due to the small size of the heart tube and intra-lumenal space relative to the embryo. The use of transmission electron microscopy allows for higher magnification of these structures and gives the advantage of examining the embryos in cross section, which easily reveals the size and shape of the lumen. In this video, we detail the process for reliable fixation, embedding, and sectioning of late stage Drosophila embryos in order to visualize the heart tube lumen as well as important cellular structures including cell-cell junctions and the basement membrane.

Preparation of embryos for Electron Microscopy of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube

We describe a process for fixation, embedding, sectioning, and imaging of late stage Drosophila embryos for Trasmission Electron Microscopy of the embryonic heart tube. This technique allows for the visualization of the heart tube lumen as well as the basement membrane, which lines the lumen of the heart.

电子显微镜对胚胎的制备果蝇胚胎心管

The morphogenesis of the Drosophila  embryonic heart tube has emerged as a valuable model system for studying cell migration, cell-cell adhesion and cell ...

Novel And Efficient Method for Drosophila Heart Fluorescence Staining with Cryosectioning

Drosophila heart models are widely employed in studying cardiac aging and modeling&#160;human cardiac diseases. However, the dissection of Drosophila hearts before imaging is a meticulous time-intensive process that requires advanced training and motor skills. To address these challenges, we present an innovative protocol that utilizes cryosectioning for the fluorescence imaging of Drosophila heart tissue. The protocol has been demonstrated in imaging the adult Drosophila heart but could be adapted for developmental stages. The method enhances both the efficiency and accessibility of fluorescence staining while preserving the integrity of the tissue. This protocol simplifies the process without compromising the quality of imaging, thereby reducing the dependency on technicians with highly developed training and motor skills. Specifically, we replace complex techniques, such as capillary vacuum suction, with more straightforward methods like tissue embedding. This approach allows for the visualization of cardiac structures with greater ease and reproducibility. We demonstrate the utility of this protocol by effectively detecting key cardiac markers and&#160;achieving high-resolution fluorescence and immunostaining imaging that unveils intricate details of heart morphology and cellular organization. This method provides a robust and accessible tool for researchers exploring Drosophila cardiac biology, facilitating detailed analyses of heart development, function, and disease models.

The Drosophila heart sectioning and fluorescence imaging protocol simplifies studying heart structure and pathologies. This approach involves straightforward sectioning, staining, and imaging, bypassing the technical expertise needed for traditional dissection. It enhances accessibility, making Drosophila a more widely usable model for cardiac-related research within the broader scientific community.

使用冷冻切片进行 果蝇 心脏荧光染色的新型高效方法

Drosophila heart models are widely employed in studying cardiac aging and modeling&#160;human cardiac diseases. However, the dissection of Drosophila ...

遗传学

Developing Drosophila melanogaster Models for Imaging and Optogenetic Control of Cardiac Function

Using Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a model organism has ensured significant progress in many areas of biological science, from cellular organization and genomic investigations to behavioral studies. Due to the accumulated scientific knowledge, in recent years, Drosophila was brought to the field of modeling human diseases, including heart disorders. The presented work describes the experimental system for monitoring and manipulating the heart function in the context of a whole live organism using red light (617 nm) and without invasive procedures. Control over the heart was achieved using optogenetic tools. Optogenetics combines the expression of light-sensitive transgenic opsins and their optical activation to regulate the biological tissue of interest. In this work, a custom integrated optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and optogenetic stimulation system was used to visualize and modulate the functioning D. melanogaster heart at the 3rd instar larval and early pupal developmental stages. The UAS/GAL4 dual genetic system was employed to express halorhodopsin (eNpHR2.0) and red-shifted channelrhodopsin (ReaChR), specifically in the fly heart. Details on preparing D. melanogaster for live OCT imaging and optogenetic pacing are provided. A lab-developed integration software processed the imaging data to create visual presentations and quantitative characteristics of Drosophila heart function. The results demonstrate the feasibility of initiating cardiac arrest and bradycardia caused by eNpHR2.0 activation and performing heart pacing upon ReaChR activation.

Developing Drosophila melanogaster Models for Imaging and Optogenetic Control of Cardiac Function

The present protocol describes the generation of Drosophila melanogaster expressing eNpHR2.0 or ReaChR opsins in the heart for OCT imaging and optogenetic heart pacing. Detailed instructions for Drosophila OCT imaging and heart beating modulation, including the simulation of restorable heart arrest, bradycardia, and tachycardia in live animals at different developmental stages, are reported.

开发用于心脏功能成像和光遗传学控制的 黑腹果蝇 模型

Using Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a model organism has ensured significant progress in many areas of biological science, from cellular ...

生物工程

Drosophila Preparation and Longitudinal Imaging of Heart Function In Vivo Using Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM)

Longitudinal study of the heartbeat in small animals contributes to understanding structural and functional changes during heart development. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) has been demonstrated to be capable of imaging small animal hearts with high spatial resolution and ultrahigh imaging speed. The high image contrast and noninvasive properties make OCM ideal for performing longitudinal studies without requiring tissue dissections or staining. Drosophila has been widely used as a model organism in cardiac developmental studies due to its high number of orthologous human disease genes, its similarity of molecular mechanisms and genetic pathways with vertebrates, its short life cycle, and its low culture cost. Here, the experimental protocols are described for the preparation of Drosophila and optical imaging of the heartbeat with a custom OCM system throughout the life cycle of the specimen. By following the steps provided in this report, transverse M-mode and 3D OCM images can be acquired to conduct longitudinal studies of the Drosophila cardiac morphology and function. The en face and axial sectional OCM images and the heart rate (HR) and cardiac activity period (CAP) histograms, were also shown to analyze the heart structural changes and to quantify the heart dynamics during Drosophila metamorphosis, combined with the videos constructed with M-mode images to trace cardiac activity intuitively. Due to the genetic similarity between Drosophila and vertebrates, longitudinal study of heart morphology and dynamics in fruit flies could help reveal the origins of human heart diseases. The protocol here would provide an effective method to perform a wide range of studies to understand the mechanisms of cardiac diseases in humans.

Drosophila Preparation and Longitudinal Imaging of Heart Function In Vivo Using Optical Coherence Microscopy OCM

Here, the experimental protocols are described for preparing Drosophila at different developmental stages and performing longitudinal optical imaging of Drosophila heartbeats using a custom optical coherence microscopy (OCM) system. The cardiac morphological and dynamical changes can be quantitatively characterized by analyzing the heart structural and functional parameters from OCM images.

果蝇的制备及心功能体内使用光学相干显微镜成像纵向（OCM）

Longitudinal study of the heartbeat in small animals contributes to understanding structural and functional changes during heart development. Optical ...

Light Sheet Microscopy of Fast Cardiac Dynamics in Zebrafish Embryos

Embryonic cardiac research has greatly benefited from advances in fast in vivo light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). Combined with the rapid external development, tractable genetics, and translucency of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, LSFM has delivered insights into cardiac form and function at high spatial and temporal resolution without significant phototoxicity or photobleaching. Imaging of beating hearts challenges existing sample preparation and microscopy techniques. One needs to maintain a healthy sample in a constricted field of view and acquire ultrafast images to resolve the heartbeat. Here we describe optimized tools and solutions to study the zebrafish heart in vivo. We demonstrate the applications of bright transgenic lines for labeling the cardiac constituents and present novel gentle embedding and immobilization techniques that avoid developmental defects and changes in heart rate. We also propose a data acquisition and analysis pipeline adapted to cardiac imaging. The entire workflow presented here focuses on zebrafish embryonic heart imaging but can also be applied to various other samples and experiments.

We describe optimized tools to study the zebrafish heart in vivo with light sheet fluorescence microscopy. Specifically, we suggest bright cardiac transgenic lines and present new gentle embedding and immobilization techniques that avoid developmental and heart defects. A possible data acquisition and analysis pipeline adapted to cardiac imaging is also provided.

斑马鱼胚胎快速心脏动力学的光片显微镜

Embryonic cardiac research has greatly benefited from advances in fast in vivo light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). Combined with the rapid ...

Preparation of Drosophila Heart: A Technique to Study Heart Physiology in the Adult Fly

Source: Vogler, G., Ocorr, K. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/1425/" target="_blank">Visualizing the Beating Heart in Drosophila</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2009).
This video describes the fly&#39;s adult heart, or otherwise called the Drosophila dorsal vessel. The featured protocol demonstrates a dissection procedure for live heart preparations.

可视化心脏跳动果蝇

摘要

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可视化的Live果蝇胶质细胞神经肌肉交界处，与荧光染料

荧光标记的果蝇心结构

半自动小红桃光学心跳分析

在幼虫的监测心脏功能果蝇生理研究

电子显微镜对胚胎的制备果蝇胚胎心管

使用冷冻切片进行果蝇心脏荧光染色的新型高效方法

开发用于心脏功能成像和光遗传学控制的黑腹果蝇模型

果蝇的制备及心功能体内使用光学相干显微镜成像纵向（OCM）

斑马鱼胚胎快速心脏动力学的光片显微镜

果蝇心脏的制备:一种研究成年果蝇心脏生理学的技术

可视化心脏跳动果蝇

摘要

探索更多视频

可视化的Live果蝇胶质细胞神经​​肌肉交界处，与荧光染料

荧光标记的果蝇心结构

半自动小红桃光学心跳分析

在幼虫的监测心脏功能果蝇生理研究

电子显微镜对胚胎的制备果蝇胚胎心管

使用冷冻切片进行 果蝇 心脏荧光染色的新型高效方法

开发用于心脏功能成像和光遗传学控制的 黑腹果蝇 模型

果蝇的制备及心功能体内使用光学相干显微镜成像纵向（OCM）

斑马鱼胚胎快速心脏动力学的光片显微镜

果蝇心脏的制备:一种研究成年果蝇心脏生理学的技术

可视化的Live果蝇胶质细胞神经肌肉交界处，与荧光染料

使用冷冻切片进行果蝇心脏荧光染色的新型高效方法

开发用于心脏功能成像和光遗传学控制的黑腹果蝇模型