，，我们想的安吉拉·Houwing，，以承认的出色的的的技术上的帮助，，，，并帮助与，从葛丽塔布什内尔的的数据收集。

1。病人的选择<ol><li>慢性盆腔疼痛的的妇女与经过一个的历史和的物理的的考试。 </li><li>的。的疼痛，与的问候到了月经的周期的时序，相关联的的的症状，包括肠易激的投诉或膀胱的投诉的;的本地化顷记下并记录。 </li><li>有经历腹腔镜检查服务的妇女顷同意为的他们的的组织为的研究中的的子宫内膜异位症的和使用的可能的的切除术的中。 </li></ol> 2。腹腔镜技术的<ol><li>腹腔镜检查是执行的出5毫米的的脐的端口的和额外的的5毫米端口，在的较低的的腹部的的“使用标准的的技术，通过。 </li><li>在盆腔的的经仔细检查被执行的疼痛的商品，以任何的子宫内膜异位症的调查结果关联起来与手术前的本地化的，。如由病人指示。 </li><li>亚甲基蓝色的染料是混合了1:200的用无菌生理盐水，，，，并注入到盆腔的的表面，使用一种美好的愿望针上。 </li><li>吸入灌溉被执行以除去过量的的染色和冲洗干净的腹膜的的的的表面。 </li><li>的骨盆被检查并且被的的蓝色的的染料的摄取的的地区被记录。 </li><li>在可能的情况下时，的受影响的领域的腹膜的切除术的被执行。 </li></ol> 3。扫描式电子显微镜<ol><li>腹膜的各节顷逐层缝合到无菌的的telfa电路板，以扁平化的试样并和维持取向（腹腔内的一侧向上），，并放置在用于SEM的戊二醛固定液（Sigma公司，St。路易斯，MO）的。 </li><li>的取样品分别导向的和发表的文章-固定在1％，缓冲的四氧化锇用于1小时，并与序贯的浓度的乙醇脱水。 </li><li>的样品进行了干燥使用液体个碳二氧化和安装到铝扫描型型电子显微镜与胶态银膏的存根控件上上，并溅射涂覆有的黄金：铂金合金到一个厚度的20 nM的的的。 </li><li>利用扫描电子显微镜是使用一个JEOL的产品型号孖士打律师行-6400扫描显微镜和从12个随机的领域的获得的的的显微照片来执行的的。 </lI&gt; </ol>

没有利益冲突的声明。

在的妇女的慢性盆腔疼痛的的是一个代价高昂的的和管理不善理解的的的的问题的，1。痛经的的盆腔疼痛的是的最常见的的的的形式，，，影响的的妇女2的的60％，，的青少年3有和72％的的。子宫内膜异位症是一种炎症性的的条件，影响正常的妇女的的5％的，，，但是中存在的多达至与骨盆腔疼痛的的妇女的的70％的。虽然的子宫内膜异位症的作出贡献，以慢性的盆腔疼...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 的试剂的名称 </td><td> 公司 </td><td> 目录编号 </td><td> 评论（可选） </td></tr><tr><td>亚甲基蓝</td><td>美国的（试剂级） </td><td> NDC0517-的0310-110 </td><td>在生理盐水中的混合1:200的</td></tr></tbody></table>

intraoperative detection of subtle endometriosis: a novel paradigm for detection and treatment of pelvic pain associated with the loss of peritoneal integrity

子宫内膜异位症是一种常见的的疾病的，影响到40％到70％的的慢性盆腔疼痛的（CPP）和/或不孕不育的的生殖-中年妇女，与的。的目的，这项研究中是，，以的一个蓝色的的染料（亚甲基蓝色的）的，以在与骨盆腔的疼痛，并怀疑的的子宫内膜异位症的的患者中，染色腹膜的的的表面在腹腔镜手术（L / S）期间，，以检测到的损失的腹膜的的完整性中演示了如何使用。将40具有CPP和第5疼痛的的妇女没有的的妇女进行了评价在这个试点项目的研究中。在的L / S期间，浓缩的染料;被喷洒到腹膜表面的，然后吸气和与乳酸化的林格液的解决方案漂洗的。的当地语系化的染料摄取的领域进行了评价提供的存在下，可见的的子宫内膜异位病灶和。的激烈的腹膜的荧光染色的领域手术范围是切除，和一​​些固定的在2.5％的缓冲的戊二醛中和通过扫描（SEM）电子显微术的检查。在与子宫内膜异位症的和慢性盆腔疼痛的的的妇女较的控件的（85％主场迎战40％的）为中，Blue染料摄取是更多的常见的的的。的的蓝色的STAI的的切除术NED的领域透露子宫内膜异位症的由扫描电镜和与正常的的，的非的-染色法的腹膜相比，以的腹膜的的细胞 - 细胞接触的损失的。受影响的的的腹膜被相关联的与可见的的子宫内膜异位症，在大多数，但并非所有的患者的的植入物的。据报道在80％的受试者中主观的的疼痛缓解。在扫描式电子显微镜的基础上，我们得出这样的结论子宫内膜细胞的远远超出了延伸，可见的植入物的的子宫内膜异位症的，，并出现，以扰乱的底层的的的间皮的的的。因此，，细微病变的子宫内膜异位症的的可能会会引起盆腔的疼痛，由的腹膜的的完整性的中断，允许月经来潮或排卵性的的的血液和，以底层的的的感官神经的相关联的的疼痛的因素访问的。完整的切除术的受影响的腹膜可能提供一个更好的的的的的为子宫内膜异位症的和CPP的的长的-长期的的治疗。这个简单的的的的技术的出现，以改善的微妙的的或不久的的无形的子宫内膜异位症的在与在L / S的CPP的和最小的的的视觉的调查结果的妇女中的检测，，，和可能会服务，以提升诊断的精确度为子宫内膜异位症的在腹腔镜检查JOURNAL。

一个例子的微妙的的子宫内膜异位症的那是几乎是看不见的的被中所示： 图1A中JOURNAL。在此之前到应用程序蓝色染料的一个不规则的点画腹膜的面积为受到了赞赏计算机辅助由的腹腔镜光的的反射。在图1B中，的外观后此相同的面积的染色示出了的膀胱（ 图1B）的相同的不规则的图案超过。一旦这个部腹膜的时间被手术切除（ 图1C）它被服从了?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

之亏损的腹膜的的完整性提供了一个新的的的的的范式，，以认识和对待慢性盆腔疼痛的，在与的子宫内膜异位症的的温和的形式的妇女，，并，可以很容易地使用的染料在的时间的腹腔镜检查的术中膀胱灌注检测到的的。

术中的微妙的子宫内膜异位症的检测：A新型范式为相关联的与的的腹膜的完整性之亏损盆腔疼痛的的的的检测和治疗的

Endometriosis is a  common disease affecting 40 to 70% of reproductive-aged women with chronic  pelvic pain (CPP) and/or infertility. The purpose of this ...

intraoperative-detection-subtle-endometriosis-novel-paradigm-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

15.8K 次观看.  Greenville Hospital System. 之亏损的腹膜的的完整性提供了一个新的的的的的范式，，以认识和对待慢性盆腔疼痛的，在与的子宫内膜异位症的的温和的形式的妇女，，并，可以很容易地使用的染料在的时间的腹腔镜检查的术中膀胱灌注检测到的的。

视频: Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Many women undergo cesarean delivery without problems, however some experience significant pain after cesarean section. Pain is associated with negative short-term and long-term effects on the mother. Prior to women undergoing surgery, can we predict who is at risk for developing significant postoperative pain and potentially prevent or minimize its negative consequences? These are the fundamental questions that a team from the University of Washington, Stanford University, the Catholic University in Brussels, Belgium, Santa Joana Women's Hospital in S&atilde;o Paulo, Brazil, and Rambam Medical Center in Israel is currently evaluating in an international research collaboration. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide optimal pain relief during and after cesarean section by offering individualized anesthetic care to women who appear to be more 'susceptible' to pain after surgery.
A significant number of women experience moderate or severe acute post-partum pain after vaginal and cesarean deliveries. 1 Furthermore, 10-15% of women suffer chronic persistent pain after cesarean section. 2 With constant increase in cesarean rates in the US 3 and the already high rate in Brazil, this is bound to create a significant public health problem. When questioning women's fears and expectations from cesarean section, pain during and after it is their greatest concern. 4 Individual variability in severity of pain after vaginal or operative delivery is influenced by multiple factors including sensitivity to pain, psychological factors, age, and genetics. The unique birth experience leads to unpredictable requirements for analgesics, from 'none at all' to 'very high' doses of pain medication. Pain after cesarean section is an excellent model to study post-operative pain because it is performed on otherwise young and healthy women. Therefore, it is recommended to attenuate the pain during the acute phase because this may lead to chronic pain disorders. The impact of developing persistent pain is immense, since it may impair not only the ability of women to care for their child in the immediate postpartum period, but also their own well being for a long period of time.
In a series of projects, an international research network is currently investigating the effect of pregnancy on pain modulation and ways to predict who will suffer acute severe pain and potentially chronic pain, by using simple pain tests and questionnaires in combination with genetic analysis. A relatively recent approach to investigate pain modulation is via the psychophysical measure of Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Control (DNIC). This pain-modulating process is the neurophysiological basis for the well-known phenomenon of 'pain inhibits pain' from remote areas of the body. The DNIC paradigm has evolved recently into a clinical tool and simple test and has been shown to be a predictor of post-operative pain.5 Since pregnancy is associated with decreased pain sensitivity and/or enhanced processes of pain modulation, using tests that investigate pain modulation should provide a better understanding of the pathways involved with pregnancy-induced analgesia and may help predict pain outcomes during labor and delivery. For those women delivering by cesarean section, a DNIC test performed prior to surgery along with psychosocial questionnaires and genetic tests should enable one to identify women prone to suffer severe post-cesarean pain and persistent pain. These clinical tests should allow anesthesiologists to offer not only personalized medicine to women with the promise to improve well-being and satisfaction, but also a reduction in the overall cost of perioperative and long term care due to pain and suffering. On a larger scale, these tests that explore pain modulation may become bedside screening tests to predict the development of pain disorders following surgery.

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

Diffuse noxious inhibitory control, temporal summation and wound hyperalgesia testing are demonstrated in the obstetric patient. These tests evaluate inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms of pain processing and are here utilized to evaluate endogenous analgesia at different time-points during pregnancy and the peripartum period to help reveal individual s risk for persistent pain.

用于预测手术后的疼痛的实验范式（PPOP）

Many women undergo cesarean delivery without problems, however some experience significant pain after cesarean section. Pain is associated with negative ...

科研

医学

Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology

The prognosis in virtually all solid tumors depends on the presence or absence of lymph node metastases.1-3 Surgical treatment most often combines radical excision of the tumor with a full lymphadenectomy in the drainage area of the tumor. However, removal of lymph nodes is associated with increased morbidity due to infection, wound breakdown and lymphedema.4,5 As an alternative, the sentinel lymph node procedure (SLN) was developed several decades ago to detect the first draining lymph node from the tumor.6 In case of lymphogenic dissemination, the SLN is the first lymph node that is affected (Figure 1). Hence, if the SLN does not contain metastases, downstream lymph nodes will also be free from tumor metastases and need not to be removed. The SLN procedure is part of the treatment for many tumor types, like breast cancer and melanoma, but also for cancer of the vulva and cervix.7 The current standard methodology for SLN-detection is by peritumoral injection of radiocolloid one day prior to surgery, and a colored dye intraoperatively. Disadvantages of the procedure in cervical and vulvar cancer are multiple injections in the genital area, leading to increased psychological distress for the patient, and the use of radioactive colloid.
Multispectral fluorescence imaging is an emerging imaging modality that can be applied intraoperatively without the need for injection of radiocolloid. For intraoperative fluorescence imaging, two components are needed: a fluorescent agent and a quantitative optical system for intraoperative imaging. As a fluorophore we have used indocyanine green (ICG). ICG has been used for many decades to assess cardiac function, cerebral perfusion and liver perfusion.8 It is an inert drug with a safe pharmaco-biological profile. When excited at around 750 nm, it emits light in the near-infrared spectrum around 800 nm. A custom-made multispectral fluorescence imaging camera system was used.9.
The aim of this video article is to demonstrate the detection of the SLN using intraoperative fluorescence imaging in patients with cervical and vulvar cancer. Fluorescence imaging is used in conjunction with the standard procedure, consisting of radiocolloid and a blue dye. In the future, intraoperative fluorescence imaging might replace the current method and is also easily transferable to other indications like breast cancer and melanoma.

Fluorescence imaging is a promising innovative modality for image-guided surgery in surgical oncology. In this video we describe the technical procedure for detection of the sentinel lymph node using fluorescence imaging as showcased in gynecologic oncologicy. A multispectral fluorescence camera system, together with the fluorescent agent indocyanine green, is applied.

多光谱实时荧光成像术在妇科肿瘤前哨淋巴结的检测

The prognosis in virtually all solid tumors depends on the presence or absence of lymph node metastases.1-3 Surgical treatment most often combines radical ...

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) for Cancer Therapy Monitoring

In molecular imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging (OI) are two of the most important and thus most widely used modalities1-3. PET is characterized by its excellent sensitivity and quantification ability while OI is notable for non-radiation, relative low cost, short scanning time, high throughput, and wide availability to basic researchers. However, both modalities have their shortcomings as well. PET suffers from poor spatial resolution and high cost, while OI is mostly limited to preclinical applications because of its limited tissue penetration along with prominent scattering optical signals through the thickness of living tissues.
 Recently a bridge between PET and OI has emerged with the discovery of Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI)4-6. CLI is a new imaging modality that harnesses Cerenkov Radiation (CR) to image radionuclides with OI instruments. Russian Nobel laureate Alekseyevich Cerenkov and his colleagues originally discovered CR in 1934. It is a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle travels at a superluminal speed in a dielectric medium7,8. The charged particle, whether positron or electron, perturbs the electromagnetic field of the medium by displacing the electrons in its atoms. After passing of the disruption photons are emitted as the displaced electrons return to the ground state. For instance, one 18F decay was estimated to produce an average of 3 photons in water5. 
 Since its emergence, CLI has been investigated for its use in a variety of preclinical applications including in vivo tumor imaging, reporter gene imaging, radiotracer development, multimodality imaging, among others4,5,9,10,11. The most important reason why CLI has enjoyed much success so far is that this new technology takes advantage of the low cost and wide availability of OI to image radionuclides, which used to be imaged only by more expensive and less available nuclear imaging modalities such as PET.
 Here, we present the method of using CLI to monitor cancer drug therapy. Our group has recently investigated this new application and validated its feasibility by a proof-of-concept study12. We demonstrated that CLI and PET exhibited excellent correlations across different tumor xenografts and imaging probes. This is consistent with the overarching principle of CR that CLI essentially visualizes the same radionuclides as PET. We selected Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech/Roche) as our therapeutic agent because it is a well-known angiogenesis inhibitor13,14. Maturation of this technology in the near future can be envisioned to have a significant impact on preclinical drug development, screening, as well as therapy monitoring of patients receiving treatments.

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging CLI for Cancer Therapy Monitoring

Use of Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) for monitoring preclinical cancer treatment is described here. This method takes advantage of Cerenkov Radiation (CR) and optical imaging (OI) to visualize radiolabeled probes and thus provides an alternative to PET in preclinical therapeutic monitoring and drug screening.

癌症治疗监测的切伦科夫发光成像（CLI）

In  molecular imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging (OI)  are two of the most important and thus most widely used modalities1-3. ...

Detection of Disease-associated &#945;-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated &#945;-synuclein

In addition to established methods like Western blot, new methods are needed to quickly and easily quantify disease-associated &#945;-synuclein (&#945;SD) in experimental models of synucleopathies. A transgenic mouse line (M83) over-expressing the human A53T &#945;S and spontaneously developing a dramatic clinical phenotype between eight and 22 months of age, characterized by symptoms including weight loss, prostration, and severe motor impairment, was used in this study. For molecular analyses of &#945;SD (disease-associated &#945;S) in these mice, an ELISA was designed to specifically quantify &#945;SD in sick mice. Analysis of the central nervous system in this mouse model showed the presence of &#945;SD mainly in the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. There were no differences in &#945;SD distribution between different experimental conditions leading to clinical disease, i.e., in uninoculated and normally aging transgenic mice and in mice inoculated with brain extracts from sick mice. The specific detection of &#945;SD immunoreactivity using an antibody against Ser129 phosphorylated &#945;S by ELISA essentially correlated with that obtained by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, similar results were observed with several other antibodies against the C-terminal part of &#945;S. The propagation of &#945;SD, suggesting the involvement of a &#8220;prion-like&#8221; mechanism, can thus be easily monitored and quantified in this mouse model using an ELISA approach.

Detection of Disease-associated &amp;#945;-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated &amp;#945;-synuclein

An ELISA offering a novel quantitative approach is described. It specifically detects disease-associated &#945;-synuclein (&#945;SD) in a transgenic mouse model (M83) of synucleinopathy using several antibodies against either the Ser129 phosphorylated &#945;S form or the C-terminal part of the protein.

发现疾病相关的α突触核蛋白通过增强ELISA在转基因小鼠表达人A53T的突变脑α突触核蛋白

In addition to established methods like Western blot, new methods are needed to quickly and easily quantify disease-associated &#945;-synuclein (&#945;SD) ...

Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance

Candida glabrata can rapidly acquire mutations that result in drug resistance, especially to azoles and echinocandins. Identification of genetic mutations is essential, as resistance detected in vitro can often be correlated with clinical failure. We examined the feasibility of using whole genome sequencing (WGS) for genome-wide analysis of antifungal drug resistance in C. glabrata. The aim was torecognize enablers and barriers in the implementation WGS and measure its effectiveness. This paper outlines the key quality control checkpoints and essential components of WGS methodology to investigate genetic markers associated with reduced susceptibility to antifungal agents. It also estimates the accuracy of data analysis and turn-around-time of testing.
Phenotypic susceptibility of 12 clinical, and one ATCC strain of C. glabrata was determined through antifungal susceptibility testing. These included three isolate pairs, from three patients, that developed rise in drug minimum inhibitory concentrations. In two pairs, the second isolate of each pair developed resistance to echinocandins. The second isolate of the third pair developed resistance to 5-flucytosine. The remaining comprised of susceptible and azole resistant isolates. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to echinocandin, azole and 5-flucytosine resistance were confirmed in resistant isolates through WGS using the next generation sequencing.&#160;Non-synonymous SNPs in antifungal resistance genes such as FKS1, FKS2, CgPDR1, CgCDR1 and FCY2 were identified. Overall, an average of 98% of the WGS reads of C. glabrata isolates mapped to the reference genome with about 75-fold read depth coverage. The turnaround time and cost were comparable to Sanger sequencing.
In conclusion, WGS of C. glabrata was feasible in revealing clinically significant gene mutations involved in resistance to different antifungal drug classes without the need for multiple PCR/DNA sequencing reactions. This represents a positive step towards establishing WGS capability in the clinical laboratory for simultaneous detection of antifungal resistance conferring substitutions.

Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance

This study implemented whole genome sequencing for analysis of mutations in genes conferring antifungal drug resistance in Candida glabrata. C. glabrata isolates resistant to echinocandins, azoles and 5-flucytosine, were sequenced to illustrate the methodology. Susceptibility profiles of the isolates correlated with presence or absence of specific mutation patterns in genes.

念珠菌光滑全基因组测序检测抗真菌耐药性标志物

Candida glabrata can rapidly acquire mutations that result in drug resistance, especially to azoles and echinocandins. Identification of genetic mutations ...

A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg

Acute Compartment Syndrome is a devastating consequence of musculoskeletal trauma. Currently the diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms, and while adjuncts such as invasive intra-compartmental pressure measurements are often used to corroborate the physical exam findings, there remains no reliable objective test to aid in the decision to perform a decompressive fasciotomy. In a cadaver model of compartment syndrome, an ultrasound (US) based method has been shown to be a reliable measurement of increased intra-compartmental pressure. An absolute pressure of &#62;100 mbar or a difference of 50 mbar in the CFFP between the legs can be considered pathologic. Using an ultrasound transducer, coupled with a pressure sensor, the pressure needed to flatten the superficial fascia of the anterior compartment of lower legs (Compartment Fascia Flattening Pressure [CFFP]) can be measured. The CFFP of the injured leg is compared to the CFFP of the uninjured leg. This US measured index can then serve as an adjunct to the physical exam in evaluating injured lower extremities and assessing the need for decompressive fasciotomy. The advantages of this protocol include: being a non-invasive method and an easily reproducible technique.

An ultrasound probe coupled with a pressure sensor is used to assess the intra-compartmental pressure of the leg by directly measuring the compartment fascia flattening pressure (CFFP). This non-invasive protocol will provide reliable assessment of the pressure inside the anterior muscular compartment of the lower leg.

一种检测腿部高室内压力的无创检测方法

Acute Compartment Syndrome is a devastating consequence of musculoskeletal trauma. Currently the diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms, and ...

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Nitric oxide (NO) activity in vivo is the combined results of its direct effects, the action of its derivatives generated from NO autoxidation, and the effects of nitrosated compounds. Measuring NO metabolites is essential to studying NO activity both at vascular levels and in other tissues, especially in the experimental settings where exogenous NO is administered. Ozone-based chemiluminescence assays allow precise measurements of NO and NO metabolites in both fluids (including plasma, tissue homogenates, cell cultures) and gas mixtures (e.g., exhaled breath). NO reacts with ozone to generate nitrogen dioxide in an excited state. The consequent light emission allows photodetection and the generation of an electric signal reflecting the NO content of the sample. Aliquots from the same sample can be used to measure specific NO metabolites, such as nitrate, nitrite, S-nitrosothiols, and iron-nitrosyl complexes. In addition, NO consumed by cell-free hemoglobin is also quantified with chemiluminescence analysis. An illustration of all these techniques is provided.

Here, we present protocols for detecting nitric oxide and its biologically relevant derivatives using chemiluminescence-based assays with high sensitivity.

基于化学发光的检测方法，用于检测自氧化和亚硝化化合物中的一氧化氮及其衍生物

Nitric oxide (NO) activity in vivo is the combined results of its direct effects, the action of its derivatives generated from NO autoxidation, and the ...

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is similar in color to the thyroid gland. The lack of effective animal models in preclinical research is a severe limitation for the development of PG identification techniques. This protocol allows for the establishment of a simple and effective rat model for PG identification. In this model, black iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are injected locally in the thyroid gland and rapidly diffuse within the thyroid gland but not the PG. A negatively stained PG and a positively stained thyroid gland can be easily identified by the naked eye without requiring external microscopes. The position of the PG can be identified by increasing the color contrast between the thyroid gland and the PG, based on the color of the black IONPs. This rat model is low-cost and convenient for PG identification, and the IONPs are a novel PG contrast agent.

To date, the development of parathyroid gland (PG) identification methods is limited by the lack of animal models in preclinical research. Here, we establish a simple and effective rat model for intraoperative PG imaging and evaluate its effectiveness by using iron oxide nanoparticles as a novel PG contrast agent.

建立简单有效的术中甲状旁腺成像大鼠模型

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is ...

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

Management of chronic pain remains challenging to this day, and current treatments are associated with adverse effects, including tolerance and addiction. Chronic neuropathic pain results from lesions or diseases in the somatosensory system. To investigate potential therapies with reduced side effects, animal pain models are the gold standard in preclinical studies. Therefore, well-characterized and well-described models are crucial for the development and validation of innovative therapies. 
Partial ligation of the sciatic nerve (pSNL) is a procedure that induces chronic neuropathic pain in mice, characterized by mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, ongoing pain, and changes in limb temperature, making this model a great fit to study neuropathic pain preclinically. pSNL is an advantageous model to study neuropathic pain as it reproduces many symptoms observed in humans with neuropathic pain. Furthermore, the surgical procedure is relatively fast and straightforward to perform. Unilateral pSNL of one limb allows for comparison between the ipsilateral and contralateral paws, as well as evaluation of central sensitization. 
To induce chronic neuropathic hypersensitivity, a 9-0 non-absorbable nylon thread is used to ligate the dorsal third of the sciatic nerve. This article describes the surgical procedure and characterizes the development of chronic neuropathic pain through multiple commonly used behavioral tests. As a plethora of innovative therapies are now being investigated to treat chronic pain, this article provides crucial concepts for standardization and an accurate description of surgeries required to induce neuropathic pain.

Partial sciatic nerve ligation induces long-lasting chronic neuropathic pain, characterized by exaggerated responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. This mouse model of neuropathic pain is commonly used to study innovative therapies for pain management. This article describes in detail the surgical procedure to improve standardization and reproducibility.

部分坐骨神经结扎术：慢性神经性疼痛的小鼠模型，用于研究新疗法的抗伤害感受作用

Management of chronic pain remains challenging to this day, and current treatments are associated with adverse effects, including tolerance and addiction. ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>靶向肌肉神经再支配治疗截肢后疼痛的程序

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain

Over the past decade, the field of prosthetics has witnessed significant progress, particularly in the development of surgical techniques to enhance the functionality of prosthetic limbs. Notably, novel surgical interventions have had an additional positive outcome, as individuals with amputations have reported neuropathic pain relief after undergoing such procedures. Subsequently, surgical techniques have gained increased prominence in the treatment of postamputation pain, including one such surgical advancement - targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR). TMR involves a surgical approach that reroutes severed nerves as a type of nerve transfer to &#34;target&#34; motor nerves and their accompanying motor end plates within nearby muscles. This technique originally aimed to create new myoelectric sites for amplified electromyography (EMG) signals to enhance prosthetic intuitive control. Subsequent work showed that TMR also could prevent the formation of painful neuromas as well as reduce postamputation neuropathic pain (e.g., Residual and Phantom Limb Pain). Indeed, multiple studies have demonstrated TMR&#39;s effectiveness in mitigating postamputation pain as well as improving prosthetic functional outcomes. However, technical variations in the procedure have been identified as it is adopted by clinics worldwide. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed step-by-step description of the TMR procedure, serving as the foundation for an international, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05009394), including nine clinics in seven countries. In this trial, TMR and two other surgical techniques for managing postamputation pain will be evaluated.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：截肢后疼痛手术治疗的进步和挑战

The protocol outlines the surgical procedure&#160;for the treatment of postamputation pain using Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR). TMR will be compared with two other surgical techniques, specifically Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) and neuroma excision, followed by immediate burying within muscle under the context of an international, randomized controlled trial.

靶向肌肉神经再支配：截肢后疼痛随机对照试验的手术方案

Over the past decade, the field of prosthetics has witnessed significant progress, particularly in the development of surgical techniques to enhance the ...