该EmoCogMeter是与MicroMovie传媒有限公司（http://www.micromovie.com）合作开发的。

1。主题我们招募了541心理和体细胞的健康男性和女性受试者（年龄44.47±9.41，范围为18-89岁;智商113.90±12.73）。所有受试者在母语水平说德语。该研究是根据赫尔辛基宣言的最新版本，并通过德国心理学会的机构审查委员会。所有受试者签署知情同意书前筛查，并报销参与。 2。研究设计该EmoCogMeter，一个iPad的应用程序，包括7个神经心理测试和开发在一些领域探讨认知功能。在此之前每个测试中，一个短指令和示范被显示在屏幕上。有从实验者没有口头指示或反馈。受试者需要大约25-30分钟就可以完成测试ING会话。 <ol><li> 神经心理测验 <ol><li> 学习和记忆 <ol><li> 记忆广度 目前，参加了一系列的数字，并要求他们输入的数字随即。开始2位数，如果参与者是成功的，给一个较长的号码清单。 <ol><li>结束任务后，要么5分钟，或更早，如果受试者成功召回9位数字。记录数字广度和达到这一水平所需的总的试验次数。 </li></ol></li><li> 工作记忆 有与会者看到的正面，负面和中性词序列和回应，如果一个字是一样的人之前提出两项试验。 <ol><li>结束5分钟后，该任务并记录的正确反应（点击），假响应和响应的平均延迟的数目。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 注意力和集中 <ol><li> 选择性安泰信化 套用Stroop任务的一个变种，并要求受试者如果写颜色名称对应颜色的墨水它显示英寸回应<ol><li>最后3分钟后的任务并记录的正确反应（点击），假响应，错过的响应，和响应的平均延迟的数目。 </li></ol></li><li> 持续关注 使用任务，其中包括一个小型的工作记忆体元件。提出了一个圈，并备​​有小型蓝色和黄色的圆圈，在照射在屏幕​​中心的伪随机顺序。 <ol><li>指示对象来检测和蓝 - 黄 - 黄序列响应。最后4分钟后的任务并记录正确反应（点击），假响应的数量，以及错过的响应。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 行政职能 <ol><li> 开拓者测验B 探测任务切换，并要求受试者为依次交替连接13号s和12个字母在屏幕上。不显示连接，如果这个问题犯了一个错误，并且不要继续任务选择正确的连接之前。 <ol><li> 90秒后结束任务，如果它未成功完成到那时。录制完成任务所需的总时间。 </li></ol></li><li> 汉诺塔 评估规划，并通过一系列的中间步骤，以实现目标的能力。使用版本三杆和四盘随后更小的尺寸。 <ol><li>告知他们必须通过遵守以下规则碟片的整个堆栈移动到另一个杆科目：（1）只有一个磁盘可以在同一时间移动。 （2）每个移动包括从杆中的一个取上盘和它滑动到另一棒，就可能已经存在于该杆的另一磁盘的上方。 （3）无磁盘可以被放置在一个较小的磁盘的上方。 </li><li>结束测试，如果失败，科目4分钟后达到的目标。 ŘECORD解决任务和所需要的解决方案的移动次数所需的时间。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 处理速度 符号字母的方式测试 本主题与9的字母和对应的几何符号在屏幕的上部。显示行下部字母和指导受试者移动相应的符号每个字母下尽可能快。 <ol><li>记录正确反应数（命中），假响应，错过的响应和响应的平均潜伏期在允许的时间内（90秒）。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 统计分析 探测工作记忆，选择性注意和持续性注意测试中我们定义的准确率（（命中假）/目标）×100。采用多元方差分析（MANOVAs）所有数据进行分析的因素年龄组和性别之间的受试者。 GreenhouseGeisser更正为APPLI编辑在适当情况下。如果MANOVAs透露显著主或交互效应，进一步的统计分析采用t检验进行比较。 </li></ol>

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作者什么都没有透露。

本研究的主要目的是评估在调查的年龄对整个生命周期认知功能影响的平板电脑的应用程序的可用性。由于假设，受试者表现出最神经域的年龄相关的下降。对于某些认知功能，如记忆广度，工作记忆准确性和选择性注意，会出现下降以后的生活中发生，因为它是比较中年和老年人的主体时，仅观察到。其他认知功能，主要是反应潜伏期，持续关注，处理速度和执行功能似乎已经受到影响中年。?...

人体衰老与认知功能下降在所有领域有关，但可能会特别明显与前额叶皮层和内侧颞叶，如工作记忆（WM），情景记忆和执行功能相关的功能，（贝克曼等。1 ，Brehmer 等。2，盛等人。3，西4）。相应地，脑成像研究表明，体积减少是最突出的前额和mediotemporal区域（拉兹等 5,6）和内和之间的这些区域是改变的功能可能有助于与年龄相关的认知变化（Sander 等人 7 ，公园和路透社-洛伦茨8）。分子影像学研究表明，与年龄相关的多巴胺的损失可能是减值的多个认知任务的功能强大的介质（贝克曼等[9，10;。Erixon-Lindroth等[11] </sup&gt;，沃尔科夫等人 12）。有相当多的证据表明，在老年感知和认知能力可能受情绪刺激增强。老年人与有关的注意措施积极效价的刺激有更好的表现的倾向，识别和情绪记忆增强，被称为与年龄相关的积极影响（查尔斯等人 13，马瑟和骑士14，Löckenhoff和卡斯特森15 ，Grühn 等 16 Isaacowitz 等 17），可能反映了激励目标，生命的尽头差异接近（卡斯特森和Löckenhoff18）。 认知功能神经心理学测试通常是由对工作站纸和铅笔测试或基于计算机的测试手段进行的任何及测试年长者时，可能会很困难。首先，削弱运动技能可能会限制使用的PA每次和纸笔测试，其次，年长者往往不熟悉键盘，鼠标垫，或基于计算机的神经心理学测试过程中施加其它输入设备。因此，年长者常表现不佳的动机或合规过程中神经心理测试，这可能会损害性能，并降低了结果的有效性。此外，纸和铅笔测试以及在工作站上基于计算机的测试要求实验者的指令和反馈的永久考勤以及对结果的文件，然后再很少转移到一个数据库，因此只对一个非常数量的人的限制。因此，转让结果时，这种“传统”的方式来神经心理测试联系起来相当的人力资源增加了出错的概率，限制数据访问，并减缓了工作流程。 我们的目的是测试本身的调查，平板电脑的应用程序贝拉尔神经心理学领域。我们使用一个iPad应用程序作为我们推测，这样一个简单的工具可能是一个快速而有效的方法来筛查和在临床和门诊追踪认知缺陷。不论年龄大小，应启用科目来执行任务，而无需从实验者指令或反馈，应该能够完成测试。不论年龄大小，应启用科目不从实验者指令或反馈执行的任务。我们推测，该触控板会允许一个更直观的使用比其他反应设备（ 如鼠标垫或键盘），特别是年长者，谁不熟悉电脑。提高合规性和动力性能的任务可能会增加结果的有效性，而对于实验者利益应包括标准化的和节省时间的测试程序，测试结果的安全传输到数据存储和ANALY的数据库和便利化SIS。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="732">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Wortschatz-Test (WST)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.testzentrale.de/programm/wortschatztest.html</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Assessment of Intelligence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">V&#245; et al., 2009</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Stimuli for working memory task</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Predictive Analysis SoftWare, version 18.0</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Statistical Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">iPad</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.apple.com/de</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EmoCogMeter</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://anem.charite.de/anem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of age-related changes in cognitive functions using emocogmeter, a novel tablet-computer based approach

本研究的主要目的是评估调查对认知功能在整个生命周期的378名健康受试者（年龄范围18-89岁）样品中的年龄效应的平板电脑的应用程序（EmoCogMeter）的可用性。与以前的研究结果，我们发现在多种神经心理学领域（记忆力，注意力，执行功能）的与年龄有关的认知衰退，从而证明我们的平板电脑的应用程序的可用性。无论电脑前的经验，所有年龄组的受试者能够在没有实验者指令或反馈执行的任务。增加的动力和符合证明是有益的任务绩效，从而无形中增加了结果的有效性。我们有前途的研究结果强调的检测和监控的认知功能障碍的平板电脑的应用程序的重要的临床和实用潜力。

从19个科目的数据不能因技术问题记录。所有剩余的受试者（n = 522）完成了测试和聚为3个年龄组（年轻：18-30岁;中年人：31-59岁;岁：60-89岁）。在这些群体参加者按照性别和智商导致在N = 378样本大小（ 见表1）匹配。在3个年龄组的所有神经心理测验的性能列于表2。 学习和记忆 记忆广度 有年龄对数?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach at JoVE.com

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

我们在调查中年龄对认知的影响测试了平板电脑的应用程序（EmoCogMeter）的可用性。结果表明，与年龄有关的认知衰退，从而证明我们的应用程序的可用性。研究结果强调的检测和监控的认知功能障碍的平板电脑的应用程序的重要的临床和实用潜力。

与年龄相关的变化认知功能使用EmoCogMeter，新型平板计算机基础法评估

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

assessment-age-related-changes-cognitive-functions-using-emocogmeter

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

13.5K 次观看.  Freie Universität Berlin. 我们在调查中年龄对认知的影响测试了平板电脑的应用程序（EmoCogMeter）的可用性。结果表明，与年龄有关的认知衰退，从而证明我们的应用程序的可用性。研究结果强调的检测和监控的认知功能障碍的平板电脑的应用程序的重要的临床和实用潜力。 

视频: Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present an operant system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors in a more clinically relevant way by not relying on reflex-based measures of nociception. Food fasted, hairless (or shaved) rodents are placed into a Plexiglas chamber which has two Peltier-based thermodes that can be programmed to any temperature between 7 &deg;C and 60 &deg;C. The rodent is trained to make contact with these in order to access a reward bottle. During a session, a number of behavioral pain outcomes are automatically recorded and saved. These measures include the number of reward bottle activations (licks) and facial contact stimuli (face contacts), but custom measures like the lick/face ratio (total number of licks per session/total number of contacts) can also be created. The stimulus temperature can be set to a single temperature or multiple temperatures within a session. The OPAD is a high-throughput, easy to use operant assay which will lead to better translation of pain research in the future as it includes cortical input instead of relying on spinal reflex-based nociceptive assays.

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present a user-friendly, high-throughput operant system for the evaluation of pain behaviors in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) can assess pain through a reward/conflict paradigm thus providing a more humane way of testing. This protocol will yield more clinically relevant and translational data from rodents.

使用操作性口面疼痛评估设备（OPAD）测量伤害行为的变化

We present an operant  system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial  Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors ...

科研

行为学

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

一致性的任务作为一种手段来获取目标行为的措施中的橡胶手错觉范式Crossmodal

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, participants switch from sorting cards one way, such as shape, to sorting them a different way, such as color. Adjusting behavior in this way exacts a small performance cost, or switch cost, such that responses are typically slower and more error-prone on switch trials in which the sorting rule changes as compared to repeat trials in which the sorting rule remains the same. The ability to flexibly adjust behavior is often said to develop gradually, in part because behavioral costs such as switch costs typically decrease with increasing age. Why aspects of higher-order cognition, such as behavioral flexibility, develop so gradually remains an open question. One hypothesis is that these changes occur in association with functional changes in broad-scale cognitive control networks. On this view, complex mental operations, such as switching, involve rapid interactions between several distributed brain regions, including those that update and maintain task rules, re-orient attention, and select behaviors. With development, functional connections between these regions strengthen, leading to faster and more efficient switching operations. The current video describes a method of testing this hypothesis through the collection and multivariate analysis of fMRI data from participants of different ages.

This video presents a method of examining age-related changes in functional connectivity of cognitive control networks engaged by targeted tasks/processes. The technique is based on multi-variate analysis of fMRI data.

针对调查中的认知控制网络与关联维度变化卡片分类性能的功能连通性年龄相关性差异的方法

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be clearly outlined in a step-by-step manner. Navigational skills are important when trying to find symbols within a speech-generating device (SGD) that has a dynamic screen and taxonomical organization. The following skills have been found to impact children&#8217;s ability to find symbols when navigating within the levels of an SGD: sustained attention, categorization, cognitive flexibility, and fluid reasoning1,2. According to past studies, working memory was not correlated with navigation1,2.
The materials needed for this method include a computerized tablet, an augmentative and alternative communication application, a booklet of symbols, and the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R)3. This method has been used in two previous studies. Robillard, Mayer-Crittenden, Roy-Charland, Minor-Corriveau and B&#233;langer1 assessed typically developing children, while Rondeau, Robillard and Roy-Charland2 assessed children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The direct observation of this method will facilitate the replication of this study for researchers. It will also help clinicians that work with children who have complex communication needs to determine the children&#8217;s ability to navigate an SGD with taxonomical categorization.

Children who have complex communication needs can benefit from the use of a speech-generating device (SGD). Cognitive skills were identified as having an impact on the ability to navigate between levels of SGDs. This protocol describes the steps needed for Speech-language Pathologists to assess cognitive skills and navigational abilities.

认知任务的实用方法在一个导航评估

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be ...

Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III).
The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called &#34;stimulus mouse&#34;).
In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse.
The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52508/52508fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.

This protocol describes a method to quantify mouse sociability. Mice are videotaped as they move and interact in a special cage. Movie processing allows for the automated quantification of sociability with excellent accuracy and reliability.

使用自动图像处理方法鼠标社交性的实验评估

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys maintained in semi-free ranging conditions. Data accumulated during the last five years have consistently demonstrated the efficiency of this protocol to investigate individual/physical cognition in monkeys, and have further shown that this procedure reduces stress level during animal testing3. This paper demonstrates that networks of ALDM can also be used to investigate different facets of social cognition and in-group expressed behaviors in monkeys, and describes three illustrative protocols developed for that purpose. The first study demonstrates how ethological assessments of social behavior and computerized assessments of cognitive performance could be integrated to investigate the effects of socially exhibited moods on the cognitive performance of individuals. The second study shows that batteries of ALDM running in parallel can provide unique information on the influence of the presence of others on task performance. Finally, the last study shows that networks of ALDM test units can also be used to study issues related to social transmission and cultural evolution. Combined together, these three studies demonstrate clearly that ALDM testing is a highly promising experimental tool for bridging the gap in the animal literature between research on individual cognition and research on social cognition.

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) aimed at testing individual cognitive abilities in semi-free ranging monkeys. The main goal of our protocol is to use a network of ALDM test units to study social cognition in non-human primates.

社会认知的非人类灵长类动物评估使用电脑自动学习设备（ALDM）测试系统的网络

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for extracting crucial information about the mechanism of the human brain, such methods remain insufficient to provide information about physiological processes reflecting cognitive and emotional functions at the subcortical level. In this respect, modern invasive clinical approaches in humans, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), offer a tremendous possibility to record subcortical brain activity, namely local field potentials (LFPs) representing coherent activity of neural assemblies from localized basal ganglia or thalamic regions. Notwithstanding the fact that invasive approaches in humans are applied only after medical indication and thus recorded data correspond to altered brain circuits, valuable insight can be gained regarding the presence of intact brain functions in relation to brain oscillatory activity and the pathophysiology of disorders in response to experimental cognitive paradigms. In this direction, a growing number of DBS studies in patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) target not only motor functions but also higher level processes such as emotions, decision-making, attention, memory and sensory perception. Recent clinical trials also emphasize the role of DBS as an alternative treatment in neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Consequently, we focus on the use of combined invasive (LFP) and non-invasive (EEG) human brain recordings in assessing the role of cortical-subcortical structures in cognitive and emotional processing trough experimental paradigms (e.g. speech stimuli with emotional connotation or paradigms of cognitive control such as the Flanker task), for patients undergoing DBS treatment.

The present protocol aims at assessing cognitive-emotional functions in the basal ganglia by simultaneous neurophysiological recording of local field potentials and non-invasive brain cortical activity (EEG). The procedure is exemplified by the use of paradigms involving speech stimuli with emotional connotation or the Flanker task involving cognitive control.

在人类联合微创皮层下和非侵入性的表面神经生理学录音认知的评估和情感作用

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ...

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making. As such, blood glucose, the body's primary energy source, has been of special interest to researchers for years. Fluctuations in blood glucose have been linked to a variety of changes in cognitive and behavioral processes, such as self-control, political attitudes, and eating behavior. To help meet growing interest in the links between bodily energy need and these processes, this manuscript offers a simple methodology to experimentally manipulate blood glucose using a fasting procedure followed by administration of a sugar-sweetened, unsweetened, or artificially-sweetened beverage. This is followed by presentation of a method for measuring resulting changes in implicit cognition using a lexical decision-task. In this task, participants are asked to identify whether strings of letters are words or non-words and response latencies are recorded. Sample results from a recent publication are presented as an example of the applications for the experimental manipulation of blood glucose and the lexical decision task measures.

The authors introduce a method for manipulating blood glucose and measuring resulting changes in cognitive accessibility of target words using a lexical decision task.

一种操纵血糖和目标刺激的认知辅助测量带来的变化法

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making.  As such, blood glucose, the body's ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

眼跟踪控制，以评估患者的认知功能与肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human auditory development for these age groups. This paper describes an observer-based procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity with a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Young children are trained to perform a play-based, motor response (e.g., putting a block in a bucket) whenever they hear a target signal. An experimenter observes the child&#39;s behavior and makes a judgment about whether the signal was presented during the first or second observation interval; the experimenter is blinded to the true signal interval, so this judgment is based solely on the child&#39;s behavior. These procedures were used to test 2 to 4 year-olds (n = 33) with no known hearing problems. The signal was a 1,000 Hz warble tone presented in quiet, and the signal level was adjusted to estimate a threshold corresponding to 71%-correct detection. A valid threshold was obtained for 82% of children. These results indicate that the two-interval procedure is both feasible and reliable for use with toddlers and preschoolers. The two-interval, observer-based procedure described in this paper is a powerful tool for evaluating hearing in young children because it guards against response bias on the part of the experimenter.

This paper describes a procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity in 2 to 4 year-old children. Children are trained to perform play-based responses when they hear a target signal. Thresholds are then estimated in a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, based on observations of the child&#39;s behaviors.

2听证会，以4岁儿童的行为评估：两区间，观测为基础的应用程序基于条件性播放响应

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human ...