La EmoCogMeter è stato sviluppato in collaborazione con MicroMovie Media GmbH (http://www.micromovie.com).

1. Soggetti Abbiamo reclutato 541 soggetti psicologicamente e somaticamente sani maschi e femmine (età 44.47 ± 9.41, range 18-89 anni; IQ 113.90 ± 12.73). Tutti i soggetti parlavano tedesco a livello madrelingua. Lo studio è stato effettuato in conformità con l&#39;ultima versione della Dichiarazione di Helsinki e approvato dal Consiglio di Amministrazione della Società Psicologica tedesco Institutional Review. Tutti i soggetti hanno dato consenso informato scritto prima di screening e sono state rimborsate per la partecipazione. 2. Disegno dello studio Il EmoCogMeter, un&#39;applicazione basata su iPad, comprende 7 test neuropsicologici ed è stato sviluppato per studiare le funzioni cognitive in diversi domini. Prima di ogni prova, una breve istruzione e la dimostrazione è stata visualizzati sullo schermo. Non c&#39;era nessuna istruzione verbale o feedback da parte dello sperimentatore. Soggetti necessari circa 25-30 minuti per completare il testing sessione. <ol><li> Test neuropsicologici <ol><li> Apprendimento e memoria <ol><li> Memory Span Presentare ai partecipanti una serie di cifre e chiedere loro di inserire i numeri subito dopo. Inizia con 2 cifre e se i partecipanti hanno successo, dare un elenco di numeri più a lungo. <ol><li> Terminare l&#39;operazione sia dopo 5 minuti, o anche prima, se i soggetti ricordano con successo 9 cifre. Registrare il digit span e il numero di prove intermedi necessari per raggiungere tale livello. </li></ol></li><li> Memoria di lavoro Partecipanti sono visualizzare sequenze di parole positive, negative e neutre e rispondere se una parola è la stessa di quella presentata due prove prima. <ol><li> Terminare l&#39;operazione dopo 5 minuti e registrare il numero di risposte corrette (hits), false risposte, e la latenza media delle risposte. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Attenzione e concentrazione <ol><li> Selective Attenzione Applicare una variante del compito Stroop e chiedere soggetti rispondere se il nome scritto colore corrisponde al colore di inchiostro è stato visualizzato trovi <ol><li> Terminare l&#39;operazione dopo 3 minuti e registrare il numero di risposte corrette (hits), false risposte, perse le risposte, e la latenza media delle risposte. </li></ol></li><li> Sostenuta Attenzione Utilizzare un compito che comprende una piccola componente di memoria di lavoro. Presentare un cerchio costituito da piccoli cerchi blu e giallo, illuminato in un ordine pseudo-casuale nel centro dello schermo. <ol><li> Istruire i soggetti per rilevare e rispondere a sequenze di blu-giallo-giallo. Terminare l&#39;operazione dopo 4 minuti e registrare il numero di risposte corrette (hits), false risposte, e perse le risposte. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Funzioni esecutive <ol><li> Trail Making Test B Sonda compito di commutazione e richiedono soggetti in sequenza e in alternativa collegare 13 numeros e 12 lettere sullo schermo. Non visualizzare la connessione se il soggetto ha commesso un errore e non continuare l&#39;attività prima che sia selezionata la connessione corretta. <ol><li> Terminare l&#39;operazione dopo 90 secondi se non viene completato con successo fino ad allora. Registrare il tempo totale necessario per completare l&#39;operazione. </li></ol></li><li> Torre di Hanoi Valutare pianificazione e la capacità di raggiungere un obiettivo attraverso una serie di passaggi intermedi. Utilizzare una versione con tre canne e quattro dischi di seguito piccole dimensioni. <ol><li> Informare i soggetti che devono spostare l&#39;intera pila di dischi ad un altro asta obbedendo alle regole seguenti: (1) un solo disco può essere spostato in un momento. (2) Ogni mossa consiste nel prendere il disco superiore da una delle aste e facendolo scorrere su un&#39;altra asta, sopra gli altri dischi eventualmente già presenti su tale asta. (3) n disco può essere posizionato sopra un disco più piccolo. </li><li> Terminare la prova se i soggetti non riescono a raggiungere l&#39;obiettivo dopo 4 min. RECORD il tempo necessario per risolvere il compito e il numero di mosse necessarie per soluzione. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Velocità di elaborazione Simbolo Lettera Modalità di prova Soggetti presenti con 9 lettere e simboli geometrici corrispondenti nella parte superiore dello schermo. Visualizzare righe di lettere nella parte inferiore e istruire i soggetti per spostare il simbolo corrispondente in ogni lettera il più velocemente possibile. <ol><li> Registrare il numero di risposte corrette (colpi), falsi risposte, perse le risposte e la latenza media di risposte entro i termini previsti (90 sec). </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> L&#39;analisi statistica Per le prove di sondaggio memoria di lavoro, l&#39;attenzione selettiva e attenzione sostenuta abbiamo definito un rapporto di precisione ((hits-false) / target) x 100. Tutti i dati sono stati analizzati utilizzando analisi multivariate della varianza (MANOVAs) con l&#39;fattori tra soggetti di età e di genere. Correzioni GreenhouseGeisser erano applicabilied ove necessario. Se MANOVAs rivelato significativi principali o di interazione effetti, ulteriori analisi statistiche sono state condotte utilizzando confronti t-test. </li></ol>

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L&#39;obiettivo principale di questo studio era di valutare l&#39;usabilità di un&#39;applicazione basata su tablet-computer indagare gli effetti dell&#39;età sulle funzioni cognitive tutta la durata della vita. Come ipotizzato, i soggetti hanno mostrato un declino relativo all&#39;età nella maggior parte dei domini neuropsicologici. Per alcune funzioni cognitive, come la capacità di memoria, di lavoro accuratezza memoria e l&#39;attenzione selettiva, il declino sembra verificarsi più tardi nella vita, come è stat...

Invecchiamento umano è associata con il declino cognitivo in tutti i settori, ma potrebbe essere particolarmente pronunciato per le funzioni associate alla corteccia prefrontale e dei lobi temporali mediali, quali la memoria di lavoro (WM), memoria episodica, e le funzioni esecutive, (Bäckman et al. 1 , Brehmer et al. 2, Shing et al. 3, West 4). Corrispondentemente, studi di brain imaging hanno mostrato che la riduzione del volume sono più importanti nelle aree prefrontali e mediotemporal (Raz et al. 5,6) e che il funzionamento alterato all&#39;interno e tra queste regioni potrebbero contribuire a cambiamenti cognitivi legati all&#39;età (Sander et al. 7 , Park e Reuter-Lorenz 8). Studi di imaging molecolare indicano che le perdite dopamina legati all&#39;età potrebbero essere potenti mediatori di danno in più compiti cognitivi (Bäckman et al 9, 10,.. Erixon-Lindroth et al 11 </sup&gt;, Volkow et al. 12). Non è necessario dimostrare che le competenze percettive e cognitive in età avanzata potrebbero essere rafforzate da stimoli emotivi. La tendenza per gli anziani a svolgere meglio su stimoli a valenza positiva per quanto riguarda le misure di attenzione, riconoscimento e valorizzazione della memoria emozionale è stato definito l&#39;effetto positività legata all&#39;età (Charles et al. 13, Mather e Cavaliere 14, Löckenhoff e Carstensen 15 , Gruhn et al. 16, Isaacowitz et al. 17) e potrebbe riflettere una differenza di obiettivi motivazionali come la fine della vita si avvicina (Carstensen e Löckenhoff 18). Test neuropsicologici delle funzioni cognitive è di solito effettuata sia per mezzo di test carta e matita o test basati su computer su workstation, e potrebbe rivelarsi difficile durante il test i soggetti più anziani. In primo luogo, le abilità motorie deteriorate potrebbero limitare l&#39;uso di patest per e matita e, dall&#39;altro, i soggetti più anziani spesso non hanno familiarità con le tastiere, tappetini per il mouse o altri dispositivi di input applicati durante i test neuropsicologici computer-based. Di conseguenza, i soggetti più anziani spesso mostrano scarsa motivazione o la conformità durante i test neuropsicologici, che potrebbe compromettere le prestazioni e diminuire la validità dei risultati. Inoltre, i test carta e matita e un test informatizzati sulle workstation richiede presenza permanente dello sperimentatore per istruzione e risposte nonché per la documentazione dei risultati, che vengono poi raramente trasferite a un database e quindi accessibile solo a una numero limitato di persone. Quindi, questo approccio &quot;convenzionale&quot; per i legami di test neuropsicologici importanti risorse umane aumenta la probabilità di errori durante il trasferimento dei risultati, limita l&#39;accesso ai dati, e rallenta il flusso di lavoro. Il nostro obiettivo era quello di testare un&#39;applicazione basata tablet per la ricerca di sédomini neuropsicologici Veral. Abbiamo usato un&#39;applicazione iPad come abbiamo ipotizzato, che un semplice strumento così potrebbe essere un metodo rapido ed efficace per lo screening e monitorare deficit cognitivi in ​​ambito clinico e ambulatoriali. Indipendentemente dall&#39;età, i soggetti devono essere messi in grado di eseguire le attività senza istruzioni o feedback da uno sperimentatore e dovrebbe essere in grado di completare i test. Indipendentemente dall&#39;età, i soggetti devono essere messi in grado di eseguire le attività senza istruzioni o feedback da uno sperimentatore. Abbiamo ipotizzato che il touchpad permetterebbe un uso più intuitivo rispetto ad altri dispositivi di risposta (pad ad esempio il mouse o la tastiera), in particolare per i soggetti più anziani, che non hanno familiarità con i computer. Conformità accresciuta e motivazione per l&#39;esecuzione delle attività potrebbero aumentare la validità dei risultati, mentre i benefici per lo sperimentatore dovrebbe includere una procedura di prova standardizzata e risparmio di tempo, un trasferimento sicuro dei risultati dei test in un database e la facilitazione di memorizzazione dei dati e analisisis.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="732">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Wortschatz-Test (WST)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.testzentrale.de/programm/wortschatztest.html</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Assessment of Intelligence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL)</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">V&#245; et al., 2009</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Stimuli for working memory task</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Predictive Analysis SoftWare, version 18.0</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Statistical Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">iPad</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://www.apple.com/de</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EmoCogMeter</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">http://anem.charite.de/anem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;"></td>
			<td style="width:231px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of age-related changes in cognitive functions using emocogmeter, a novel tablet-computer based approach

L&#39;obiettivo principale di questo studio era di valutare l&#39;usabilità di un&#39;applicazione basata su tablet-computer (EmoCogMeter) nell&#39;indagare gli effetti dell&#39;età sulle funzioni cognitive nel corso della vita in un campione di 378 soggetti sani (età 18-89 anni). Coerentemente con i risultati precedenti abbiamo trovato un declino cognitivo correlato all&#39;età in una vasta gamma di domini neuropsicologici (memoria, attenzione, funzioni esecutive), dimostrando così la fruibilità della nostra applicazione basata su tablet. Indipendentemente esperienza computer prima, soggetti di tutte le età sono stati in grado di eseguire le attività senza istruzioni o feedback da uno sperimentatore. Maggiore motivazione e il rispetto dimostrato di essere vantaggioso per le prestazioni compito, quindi potenzialmente aumentare la validità dei risultati. I nostri risultati promettenti sottolineano il grande potenziale clinico e pratico di un&#39;applicazione basata su tablet per il rilevamento e il monitoraggio di disfunzione cognitiva.

I dati di 19 soggetti non potrebbero essere registrati a causa di problemi tecnici. Tutti i soggetti rimanenti (N = 522) hanno completato i test e sono stati raggruppati in tre fasce di età (giovani: 18-30 anni; mezza età: 31-59 anni, età: 60-89 anni). I partecipanti a questi gruppi sono stati abbinati in base al genere e IQ risultante in un campione di N = 378 (cfr. tabella 1). Performance per tutti i test neuropsicologici nei 3 gruppi di età è sintetizzata nella Tabella 2. <p...

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Abbiamo testato l&#39;usabilità di un&#39;applicazione basata su tablet-computer (EmoCogMeter) nell&#39;indagare gli effetti dell&#39;età sulla cognizione. I risultati mostrano un declino cognitivo legato all&#39;età, dimostrando così la fruibilità della nostra applicazione. I risultati sottolineano il grande potenziale clinico e pratico di un&#39;applicazione basata su tablet per il rilevamento e il monitoraggio di disfunzione cognitiva.

Valutazione dei cambiamenti legati all&#39;età delle funzioni cognitive Utilizzando EmoCogMeter, un nuovo approccio Tablet Computer Based

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

13.5K Views.  Freie Universität Berlin.  Abbiamo testato l'usabilità di un'applicazione basata su tablet-computer (EmoCogMeter) nell'indagare gli effetti dell'età sulla cognizione. I risultati mostrano un declino cognitivo legato all'età, dimostrando così la fruibilità della nostra applicazione. I risultati sottolineano il grande potenziale clinico e pratico di un'applicazione basata su tablet per il rilevamento e il monitoraggio di disfunzione cognitiva. 

Video: Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present an operant system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors in a more clinically relevant way by not relying on reflex-based measures of nociception. Food fasted, hairless (or shaved) rodents are placed into a Plexiglas chamber which has two Peltier-based thermodes that can be programmed to any temperature between 7 &deg;C and 60 &deg;C. The rodent is trained to make contact with these in order to access a reward bottle. During a session, a number of behavioral pain outcomes are automatically recorded and saved. These measures include the number of reward bottle activations (licks) and facial contact stimuli (face contacts), but custom measures like the lick/face ratio (total number of licks per session/total number of contacts) can also be created. The stimulus temperature can be set to a single temperature or multiple temperatures within a session. The OPAD is a high-throughput, easy to use operant assay which will lead to better translation of pain research in the future as it includes cortical input instead of relying on spinal reflex-based nociceptive assays.

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present a user-friendly, high-throughput operant system for the evaluation of pain behaviors in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) can assess pain through a reward/conflict paradigm thus providing a more humane way of testing. This protocol will yield more clinically relevant and translational data from rodents.

L&#39;utilizzo del dispositivo di valutazione del dolore orofacciale operante (opad) per misurare i cambiamenti nel comportamento nocicettivo

We present an operant  system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial  Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors ...

Ricerca

Comportamento

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

La Task Congruenza crossmodali come un mezzo per ottenere una misura comportamentale Obiettivo della mano di gomma Illusion Paradigma

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, participants switch from sorting cards one way, such as shape, to sorting them a different way, such as color. Adjusting behavior in this way exacts a small performance cost, or switch cost, such that responses are typically slower and more error-prone on switch trials in which the sorting rule changes as compared to repeat trials in which the sorting rule remains the same. The ability to flexibly adjust behavior is often said to develop gradually, in part because behavioral costs such as switch costs typically decrease with increasing age. Why aspects of higher-order cognition, such as behavioral flexibility, develop so gradually remains an open question. One hypothesis is that these changes occur in association with functional changes in broad-scale cognitive control networks. On this view, complex mental operations, such as switching, involve rapid interactions between several distributed brain regions, including those that update and maintain task rules, re-orient attention, and select behaviors. With development, functional connections between these regions strengthen, leading to faster and more efficient switching operations. The current video describes a method of testing this hypothesis through the collection and multivariate analysis of fMRI data from participants of different ages.

This video presents a method of examining age-related changes in functional connectivity of cognitive control networks engaged by targeted tasks/processes. The technique is based on multi-variate analysis of fMRI data.

Un metodo per indagare le differenze di età-correlate nella connettività funzionale delle reti di controllo cognitivo associato al cambiamento dimensionale Carta ordine di Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be clearly outlined in a step-by-step manner. Navigational skills are important when trying to find symbols within a speech-generating device (SGD) that has a dynamic screen and taxonomical organization. The following skills have been found to impact children&#8217;s ability to find symbols when navigating within the levels of an SGD: sustained attention, categorization, cognitive flexibility, and fluid reasoning1,2. According to past studies, working memory was not correlated with navigation1,2.
The materials needed for this method include a computerized tablet, an augmentative and alternative communication application, a booklet of symbols, and the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R)3. This method has been used in two previous studies. Robillard, Mayer-Crittenden, Roy-Charland, Minor-Corriveau and B&#233;langer1 assessed typically developing children, while Rondeau, Robillard and Roy-Charland2 assessed children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The direct observation of this method will facilitate the replication of this study for researchers. It will also help clinicians that work with children who have complex communication needs to determine the children&#8217;s ability to navigate an SGD with taxonomical categorization.

Children who have complex communication needs can benefit from the use of a speech-generating device (SGD). Cognitive skills were identified as having an impact on the ability to navigate between levels of SGDs. This protocol describes the steps needed for Speech-language Pathologists to assess cognitive skills and navigational abilities.

Metodologia pratica di compiti cognitivi All&#39;interno di una valutazione di navigazione

This paper describes an approach for measuring navigation accuracy relative to cognitive skills. The methodology behind the assessment will thus be ...

Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III).
The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called &#34;stimulus mouse&#34;).
In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse.
The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/52508/52508fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.

This protocol describes a method to quantify mouse sociability. Mice are videotaped as they move and interact in a special cage. Movie processing allows for the automated quantification of sociability with excellent accuracy and reliability.

Valutazione sperimentale del mouse Socialità con un approccio Image Processing automatizzata

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys maintained in semi-free ranging conditions. Data accumulated during the last five years have consistently demonstrated the efficiency of this protocol to investigate individual/physical cognition in monkeys, and have further shown that this procedure reduces stress level during animal testing3. This paper demonstrates that networks of ALDM can also be used to investigate different facets of social cognition and in-group expressed behaviors in monkeys, and describes three illustrative protocols developed for that purpose. The first study demonstrates how ethological assessments of social behavior and computerized assessments of cognitive performance could be integrated to investigate the effects of socially exhibited moods on the cognitive performance of individuals. The second study shows that batteries of ALDM running in parallel can provide unique information on the influence of the presence of others on task performance. Finally, the last study shows that networks of ALDM test units can also be used to study issues related to social transmission and cultural evolution. Combined together, these three studies demonstrate clearly that ALDM testing is a highly promising experimental tool for bridging the gap in the animal literature between research on individual cognition and research on social cognition.

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) aimed at testing individual cognitive abilities in semi-free ranging monkeys. The main goal of our protocol is to use a network of ALDM test units to study social cognition in non-human primates.

Valutazione della cognizione sociale in primati non umani Uso di una rete di computerizzato Automated Learning dispositivo Systems (ALDM) prova

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for extracting crucial information about the mechanism of the human brain, such methods remain insufficient to provide information about physiological processes reflecting cognitive and emotional functions at the subcortical level. In this respect, modern invasive clinical approaches in humans, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), offer a tremendous possibility to record subcortical brain activity, namely local field potentials (LFPs) representing coherent activity of neural assemblies from localized basal ganglia or thalamic regions. Notwithstanding the fact that invasive approaches in humans are applied only after medical indication and thus recorded data correspond to altered brain circuits, valuable insight can be gained regarding the presence of intact brain functions in relation to brain oscillatory activity and the pathophysiology of disorders in response to experimental cognitive paradigms. In this direction, a growing number of DBS studies in patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) target not only motor functions but also higher level processes such as emotions, decision-making, attention, memory and sensory perception. Recent clinical trials also emphasize the role of DBS as an alternative treatment in neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Consequently, we focus on the use of combined invasive (LFP) and non-invasive (EEG) human brain recordings in assessing the role of cortical-subcortical structures in cognitive and emotional processing trough experimental paradigms (e.g. speech stimuli with emotional connotation or paradigms of cognitive control such as the Flanker task), for patients undergoing DBS treatment.

The present protocol aims at assessing cognitive-emotional functions in the basal ganglia by simultaneous neurophysiological recording of local field potentials and non-invasive brain cortical activity (EEG). The procedure is exemplified by the use of paradigms involving speech stimuli with emotional connotation or the Flanker task involving cognitive control.

Invasiva sottocorticali e superficie non invasiva neurofisiologiche registrazioni per la valutazione delle cognitivo ed emotivo funzioni combinate negli esseri umani

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ...

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making. As such, blood glucose, the body's primary energy source, has been of special interest to researchers for years. Fluctuations in blood glucose have been linked to a variety of changes in cognitive and behavioral processes, such as self-control, political attitudes, and eating behavior. To help meet growing interest in the links between bodily energy need and these processes, this manuscript offers a simple methodology to experimentally manipulate blood glucose using a fasting procedure followed by administration of a sugar-sweetened, unsweetened, or artificially-sweetened beverage. This is followed by presentation of a method for measuring resulting changes in implicit cognition using a lexical decision-task. In this task, participants are asked to identify whether strings of letters are words or non-words and response latencies are recorded. Sample results from a recent publication are presented as an example of the applications for the experimental manipulation of blood glucose and the lexical decision task measures.

The authors introduce a method for manipulating blood glucose and measuring resulting changes in cognitive accessibility of target words using a lexical decision task.

Un metodo per la manipolazione di glucosio nel sangue ed effetti misurando i cambiamenti nella cognitiva Accessibilità di Target stimoli

Much research in social psychology has investigated the impact of bodily energy need on cognition and decision-making.  As such, blood glucose, the body's ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-tracking di controllo per valutare le funzioni cognitive in pazienti con Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human auditory development for these age groups. This paper describes an observer-based procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity with a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Young children are trained to perform a play-based, motor response (e.g., putting a block in a bucket) whenever they hear a target signal. An experimenter observes the child&#39;s behavior and makes a judgment about whether the signal was presented during the first or second observation interval; the experimenter is blinded to the true signal interval, so this judgment is based solely on the child&#39;s behavior. These procedures were used to test 2 to 4 year-olds (n = 33) with no known hearing problems. The signal was a 1,000 Hz warble tone presented in quiet, and the signal level was adjusted to estimate a threshold corresponding to 71%-correct detection. A valid threshold was obtained for 82% of children. These results indicate that the two-interval procedure is both feasible and reliable for use with toddlers and preschoolers. The two-interval, observer-based procedure described in this paper is a powerful tool for evaluating hearing in young children because it guards against response bias on the part of the experimenter.

This paper describes a procedure for measuring hearing sensitivity in 2 to 4 year-old children. Children are trained to perform play-based responses when they hear a target signal. Thresholds are then estimated in a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, based on observations of the child&#39;s behaviors.

Valutazione del comportamento di udito in 2-4 anni i bambini: una procedura in due intervalli, a base di Observer Utilizzando condizionata Risposte Giocare a base di

Collecting reliable behavioral data from toddlers and preschoolers is challenging. As a result, there are significant gaps in our understanding of human ...