This work has been performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02&#8211;05CH11231. The financial support of F.M. by a ME-Fulbright fellowship and A.S. by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan are gratefully acknowledged.

注：在开始之前，检查所有相关的材料数据表（MSDS）。几个在合成和应用程序使用的化学品是有毒的。请遵守所有适当的安全措施，并使用足够的保护设备（白大褂，全长长裤，闭趾鞋，防护眼镜，手套）。处理液氮氮吸附测量（绝缘手套，面罩）时，请使用所有低温个人防护装备。 1.多孔聚合物的制备巨石散装和毛细管柱格式<ol><li>本体聚合物为整体式表征<ol><li>通过碱性氧化铝柱纯化苯乙烯，二乙烯基苯和甲基丙烯酸，以除去聚合抑制剂。放置10克碱性氧化铝在25毫升一次性塑料注射器玻璃棉纤维包装在注射器尖端的插头。通过该柱渗滤约10毫升的单体。 </li><li>加载单体（50毫克苯乙烯，100毫克二乙烯基苯和50毫克甲基丙烯酸）和孔隙形成剂（300毫克甲苯和300毫克异辛烷）在1毫升的玻璃小瓶中。添加聚合反应引发剂，4毫克的2,2&#39;-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN，1％，相对于单体）。 </li><li>通过超声均化10分钟。由通过液体鼓泡氮气10分钟除去溶解的氧。密封瓶盖用石蜡膜，并将其放置在水浴中，在60℃下进行6小时聚合该混合物。 </li><li>冷却至室温，并小心地打破小瓶。转移聚合物整料成纤维素提取套管。将抽提套管成索氏提取腔室，并将其组装到一个圆底烧瓶中，包含甲醇的量，这是提取室的至少三倍的体积。装配一个冷凝器到提取室的上部。通过煮沸甲醇进行索氏提取16小时，以确保完全除去未反应的单体和孔隙形成剂。 </li><li>干燥过夜，在真空烘箱中在60℃。确认羧基官能团的存在附加的PCP通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）。测量表面积通过氮气吸附孔率。 </li></ol></li><li>功能化石英毛细管的整体柱的制备<ol><li>切割2米的聚酰亚胺涂层的100微米ID熔融石英毛细管。它连接到一个0.25-0.50毫升玻璃注射器和用丙酮洗涤毛细管。通过用水冲洗毛细管除去丙酮。 </li><li>为了激活毛细管的内部二氧化硅涂层，使用注射泵流到一个的0.2M NaOH水溶液在0.25微升/分钟进行30分钟。用清水冲洗干净，直到出水呈中性。 </li><li>用pH试纸条，检查出水pH。为了质子毛细管的硅烷醇基团，泵送的0.2M aqueo通过毛细管我们HCl溶液以0.25微升/分钟进行30分钟。用清水冲洗干净，直到出水呈中性。冲洗用乙醇。 </li><li>在0.25微升泵20％（W / W）的3-（三甲氧基甲硅烷基）丙基甲基丙烯酸酯（pH值为5用乙酸调节）乙醇溶液/分钟1小时。在此步骤中，二氧化硅毛细管官能乙烯基为了将聚合物整料附着到毛细管内表面上。 </li><li>冲洗，用丙酮，干燥在氮气流中，在室温下过夜，使用前离开。切断毛细管成更短的片长20公分。 </li></ol></li><li>整体毛细管色谱柱的研制<ol><li>制备相同的聚合混合物为在用橡胶隔膜1毫升的玻璃小瓶本体聚合物整料（第1.1节）。加入引发剂1％AIBN相对于单体。通过超声均化10分钟。 </li><li>通过偶联一个非官能化的二氧化硅毛细管用氮气净化的聚合混合物以氮气流。 <ol><li>通过小瓶的橡胶隔片插入氮气流毛细管并沉浸入聚合混合物中，使氮气气泡通过液体。离开瓶盖略显宽松，以避免过压。吹扫10分钟。 </li><li>解除从聚合混合物中的氮气流毛细管到小瓶的顶部空间，并关闭紧瓶盖。通过隔膜加入聚合混合物中插入一个官能毛细管。产生成通过注入顶部空间的氮的毛细压力过量泵通过官能毛细管聚合混合物。 </li><li>从毛细管的流出物收集几滴聚合混合物，以确保其完全填充并用橡胶隔片关闭它。取毛细管出来的小瓶的非常仔细，并关闭毛细管的入口用橡胶隔膜。 </li></ol></li><li>聚合混合在60℃下包含在水浴毛细管6小时TURE。在室温下冷却并切断毛细管的两端的几毫米。通过使用HPLC泵在3微升/分30分钟，冲洗柱，用乙腈除去未反应单体和成孔剂。检查毛细管柱的反压。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.生长铁benzenetrycarboxylate的（FeBTC）PCP <ol><li>在FeBTC卫生部对本体聚合物为整体式增长的表征<ol><li>磨用研钵和研杵将预先干燥整料。 </li><li>浸入100毫克整料粉末在5毫升2毫的FeCl 3·6H 2 O的乙醇15分钟。用尼龙过滤器（0.22微米），并用乙醇洗涤粉末真空过滤。浸入整料粉末在5ml的乙醇2mM的1,3,5-苯三酸（BTC）15分钟。用尼龙过滤器（0.22微米），并用乙醇洗涤粉末真空过滤。</li><li>根据需要重复步骤2号。最终的金属 - 有机涂层的增长将受到施加的周期数来定义。通常情况下，在10和30个循环被执行。确认的新孔由氮吸附孔率的存在。测量的由热重分析（TGA）的附加金属位点的量。 </li></ol></li><li>在FeBTC卫生部对毛细管整体柱增长磷酸的浓缩<ol><li>使用注射泵。冲洗毛细管整料有2mM的FeCl 3·6H 2 O的乙醇15分钟，2微升/分钟。用乙醇进行15分钟，在2微升/分钟洗净。冲洗毛细管整料具有2mM的BTC在乙醇中15分钟，在2微升/分钟。用乙醇进行15分钟，在2微升/分钟洗净。 </li><li>根据需要重复步骤1。最终的金属 - 有机涂层的增长将通过执行循环的数目来限定。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.蛋白质的消化和E磷酸肽nrichment <ol><li>蛋白质消化<ol><li>溶解0.5非脂乳毫升在1毫升水中，并将其分成200微升馏分。 </li><li>对于蛋白质的消化添加160微升的1M碳酸氢铵和50微升45毫二硫苏糖醇对每个级分，以裂解二硫键。在恒温15分钟孵育在50℃下。 </li><li>逐渐加入50微升的碘乙酰胺的100mM的水溶液，同时将溶液冷却至室温。碘乙酰胺将阻止新的二硫键的形成。 </li><li>孵育在黑暗中进行15分钟，在室温下进行。加入1毫升去离子水。加入2微克胰蛋白酶消化的蛋白质在恒温在37℃下14小时。 </li><li>通过酸化终止消化，用10微升的1％三氟乙酸，并且将其放置在恒温5分钟，在室温下进行。存储消化的蛋白质在-20 C。 </li></ol></li><li>富集使用毛细管柱卫生部的磷酸化。 <ol><li>冲洗用100μl的4列：含有0.1％三氟乙酸进行10分钟的乙腈的1:1混合物以1微升/分钟的流速。泵通过柱子蛋白质的消化在2微升/分钟进行30分钟。 </li><li>含有0.1％三氟乙酸，10分钟，以1微升/分钟的流速乙腈的1:1混合物：用4再次洗出非磷酸化的肽。与水10分钟，以1微升/分钟的流速洗涤。 </li><li>使用泵送以1微升/分15分钟，250毫pH7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗脱磷酸肽。收集在小瓶中的洗脱剂和脱盐使用标准协议19的溶液。制备2毫克/毫升2,5-二羟基苯甲酸使用它作为基质为飞行时间的基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）。绘制2微升2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的进该尖端部以洗脱phosphopeptides并直接发现他们到MALDI板上。 </li><li>分析斑点通过MALDI-TOF-MS和通过用水和甲醇冲洗彻底再生柱子。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

原聚合物整料包含能够结合金属羧酸官能团。协调对原始材料的初始金属位点，我们能够以生长PCP涂层（ 图1A），结合了许多附加的金属位点成形的微孔网络。这使得所提出的卫生部材料萃取或纯化步骤如涉及金属物质，如固定的金属离子亲和层析（IMAC）技术的吸引力。使用对磷酸化肽的富集的毛细管柱的一般方法示于图1B。 大量粉末巨石的准备使?...

多孔配位聚合物（的PCP）是基于由有机配位体与重复在1，2或3个维度，可以是无定形或结晶1-3延伸协调实体联金属中心配位化合物。在最近几年中，此类多孔材料已引起了广泛的关注，因为它们的高孔隙率，宽化学可调性，并且它们的稳定性。主治医师已探索了广泛的应用，包括气体储存，气体分离，和催化3-6，和最近，主治医师的第一分析应用已经描述7。 因为它们的增强的化学功能和高孔隙率的PCP已针对其巨大潜力的纯化过程和色谱分离的提高，以及一些关于本主题的报告已经发表7-13。然而，初级保健医生的表现并不在目前的equivaleNT水平可能存在的色谱材料，由于通过这些固体填充床的大颗粒间的空隙快速扩散，因为它们通常是不规则形状的颗粒或晶体的形态。这个不规则分布填料导致低于预期的性能，以及高柱背压和不希望的峰形形貌14,15。 为了通过颗粒间的空隙，以解决快速扩散的问题，并伴随地提升的PCP的用于分析应用的性能的基础上，一个大孔聚合物整料16的混合材料的发展，它包含大孔的表面上的PCP会是可取的。聚合物整料是自包含的，单件材料，可以通过它们的气孔维持对流，这使得它们的最有效的替代品对珠粒填料，并已成功地由几个C商品化1<html> ompanies 17,18。多孔聚合物整料通常是基于一个单体的聚合和在致孔剂，这是典型的有机溶剂二元混合物的存在下，交联剂上。获得的单片材料具有microglobular结构和高的孔隙率和流动渗透性。 一种简单的方法来统一这些材料以制备含有五氯酚聚合物整料是基于在整体件的聚合混合物中直接加入作为合成的PCP的。这种方法导致的PCP大多埋在聚合物支架，和不活跃的最终材料14,15的进一步应用。不同的合成方法显然需要以，例如，开发的PCP，或晶体金属 - 有机骨架（MOFs）其中大部分包含在晶体内的孔是从聚合物整料的大孔可访问的均匀的膜。 吨“&gt;此处我们报告一个简单协议，用于基于与合适的官能团为的PCP的连接，可以很容易地实现为大孔聚合物载体上的金属 - 有机聚合物混合材料（卫生部）的制备方法的自包含单-piece聚合物整料与最佳的性能流通应用的列格式的聚合物合成过程之后是一个简单的室温溶液系&#160;方法上的整体件19-20的孔的内表面长出的PCP涂层。作为第一个例子，我们描述内的大孔聚（苯乙烯 - 二乙烯基苯 - 甲基丙烯酸）整料的制备的铁（III）benzenetricarboxylate（FeBTC）配位聚合物膜构成。这个方法是有效的用于制备的散装粉末以及毛细管柱和所描述的协议是很容易实现的其他的PCP。作为MOPHs作为功能材料的流动THROU的电位的例子GH应用，我们应用了开发FeBTC卫生部其中包含一个致密的涂层的Fe（III）的中心，以从消化蛋白质混合物利用磷酸和Fe的结合亲和力富集磷酸（三）。该开发协议21包括三个主要部分：大孔有机聚合物整体支持的准备;整料的孔的表面上的PCP涂层的增长;应用磷酸的富集。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyimide-coated capillaries</td>
			<td>Polymicro Technologies</td>
			<td>TSP100375</td>
			<td>100 &#956;m i.d.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 98%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>440159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Styrene, 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>W323306</td>
			<td>Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Divinylbenzene, 80%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>414565</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methacrylic acid, 98%</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt</td>
			<td>MK150659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluene, &#8805;99.5%</td>
			<td>EMD chemicals</td>
			<td>MTX0735-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isooctane, &#8805;99.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>650439</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2&#39;-azobisisobutyronitrile, 98%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>441090</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminium oxide (basic alumina)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>199443</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>236489</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,3,5-benzenetrycarboxylic acid, 95%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>482749</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile, &#8805;99.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>360457</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium bicarbonate, &#8805;99.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>9830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trifluoroacetic acid, &#8805;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>302031</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol, &#8805;99.8%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>2854</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodoacetamide, &#8805;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I1149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithiothreitol, &#8805;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>43819</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monobasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, &#8805;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>71505</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, &#8805;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>71643</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphoric acid, &#8805;85%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>438081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, &#8805;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>85707</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8003</td>
			<td>Bovine pancreas</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-casein</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C6905</td>
			<td>Bovine milk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZipTip pipette tips</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>ZTC18S096</td>
			<td>C18 resin</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of highly porous coordination polymer coatings on macroporous polymer monoliths for enhanced enrichment of phosphopeptides

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous polymer monoliths. The developed approach is based on the preparation of a macroporous polymer containing carboxylic acid functional groups and the subsequent step-by-step solution-based controlled growth of a layer of a porous coordination polymer on the surface of the pores of the polymer monolith. The prepared metal-organic polymer hybrid has a high specific micropore surface area. The amount of iron(III) sites is enhanced through metal-organic coordination on the surface of the pores of the functional polymer support. The increase of metal sites is related to the number of iterations of the coating process.
The developed preparation scheme is easily adapted to a capillary column format. The functional porous polymer is prepared as a self-contained single-block porous monolith within the capillary, yielding a flow-through separation device with excellent flow permeability and modest back-pressure. The metal-organic polymer hybrid column showed excellent performance for the enrichment of phosphopeptides from digested proteins and their subsequent detection using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The presented experimental protocol is highly versatile, and can be easily implemented to different organic polymer supports and coatings with a plethora of porous coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks for multiple purification and/or separation applications.

在有机聚合物整料的细孔表面的PCP生长的示意图示于图1。在该图中，我们示出了初始的Fe（III）原 ​​子保留在原聚合物整料的细孔表面配位的羧酸官能团。使用协议本文所述附加的有机配位体和Fe（III）离子被添加到表面，塑造聚合物整料内的多孔协调网络。 图1还示意性地示出了使用所制备的毛细管卫生部列作为用于流通支持富集磷酸肽。表面积和孔分布的测量，用?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides at JoVE.com

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

A procedure for the preparation of porous hybrid separation media composed of a macroporous polymer monolith internally coated by a high surface area microporous coordination polymer is presented.

对磷酸增强富集制备高度多孔配位聚合物涂层的孔聚合物石柱的

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous ...

preparation-highly-porous-coordination-polymer-coatings-on

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

10.0K 次观看.  E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A procedure for the preparation of porous hybrid separation media composed of a macroporous polymer monolith internally coated by a high surface area microporous coordination polymer is presented.

视频: Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

The behavior of confined colloidal suspensions with attractive interparticle interactions is critical to the rational design of materials for directed assembly1-3, drug delivery4, improved hydrocarbon recovery5-7, and flowable electrodes for energy storage8. Suspensions containing fluorescent colloids and non-adsorbing polymers are appealing model systems, as the ratio of the polymer radius of gyration to the particle radius&#160;and concentration of polymer control the range and strength of the interparticle attraction, respectively. By tuning the polymer properties and the volume fraction of the colloids, colloid fluids, fluids of clusters, gels, crystals, and glasses can be obtained9.&#160;Confocal microscopy, a variant of fluorescence microscopy, allows an optically transparent and fluorescent sample to be imaged with high spatial and temporal resolution in three dimensions. In this technique, a small pinhole or slit blocks the emitted fluorescent light from regions of the sample that are outside the focal volume of the microscope optical system. As a result, only a thin section of the sample in the focal plane is imaged. This technique is particularly well suited to probe the structure and dynamics in dense colloidal suspensions at the single-particle scale: the particles are large enough to be resolved using visible light and diffuse slowly enough to be captured at typical scan speeds of commercial confocal systems10. Improvements in scan speeds and analysis algorithms have also enabled quantitative confocal imaging of flowing suspensions11-16,37.&#160;In this paper, we demonstrate confocal microscopy experiments to probe the confined phase behavior and flow properties of colloid-polymer mixtures. We first prepare colloid-polymer mixtures that are density- and refractive-index matched. Next, we report a standard protocol for imaging quiescent dense colloid-polymer mixtures under varying confinement in thin wedge-shaped cells. Finally, we demonstrate a protocol for imaging colloid-polymer mixtures during microchannel flow.

Confocal microscopy is used to image quiescent and flowing colloid-polymer mixtures, which are studied as model systems for attractive suspensions. Image analysis algorithms are used to calculate structural and dynamic metrics for the colloidal particles that measure changes due to geometric confinement.

密闭静态和流动胶体聚合物混合物的共聚焦成像

The behavior of confined colloidal suspensions with attractive interparticle interactions is critical to the rational design of materials for directed ...

科研

化学

Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.

We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

大面积的制造自立性的超薄聚合物薄膜

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films.  Typically, ultrathin films are prepared ...

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is reported. The nanoparticles are formed by hydrophobic interaction of the semiconducting polymer MEH-PPV (poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]) with the fullerene PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) in the presence of a non-compatible solvent. MEH-PPV has a high extinction coefficient that leads to high rates of triplet formation, and efficient charge and energy transfer to the fullerene PCBM. The latter processes enhance the efficiency of the PDT system through fullerene assisted triplet and radical formation, and ultrafast deactivation of MEH-PPV excited stated. The results reported here show that this nanoparticle PDT sensitizing system is highly effective and shows unexpected specificity to cancer cell lines.

This protocol describes a method for the fabrication of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene. These nanoparticles were investigated for their potential use as a next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT).

光动力疗法与混合导电高分子/富勒烯纳米颗粒光敏剂

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next ...

Preparation of Macroporous Epitaxial Quartz Films on Silicon by Chemical Solution Deposition

This work describes the detailed protocol for preparing piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial quartz films on silicon(100) substrates. This is a three-step process based on the preparation of a sol in a one-pot synthesis which is followed by the deposition of a gel film on Si(100) substrates by evaporation induced self-assembly using the dip-coating technique and ends with a thermal treatment of the material to induce the gel crystallization and the growth of the quartz film. The formation of a silica gel is based on the reaction of a tetraethyl orthosilicate and water, catalyzed by HCl, in ethanol. However, the solution contains two additional components that are essential for preparing mesoporous epitaxial quartz films from these silica gels dip-coated on Si. Alkaline earth ions, like Sr2+ act as glass melting agents that facilitate the crystallization of silica and in combination with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) amphiphilic template form a phase separation responsible of the macroporosity of the films. The good matching between the quartz and silicon cell parameters is also essential in the stabilization of quartz over other SiO2 polymorphs and is at the origin of the epitaxial growth.

A protocol is presented for the preparation of piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial films of quartz on silicon by solution chemistry using dip-coating and thermal treatments in air.

化学溶液沉积在硅外延大孔石英薄膜的制备

This work describes the detailed protocol for preparing piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial quartz films on silicon(100) substrates. This is a three-step ...

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

We demonstrate a protocol for single-walled carbon nanotube functionalization using thermo-sensitive PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers in an aqueous solution. In a carbon nanotube/PEO105-PPO70-PEO105 (poloxamer 407) aqueous solution, the amphiphilic poloxamer 407 adsorbs onto the carbon nanotube surfaces and self-assembles into continuous layers, driven by intermolecular interactions between constituent molecules. The addition of 5-methylsalicylic acid changes the self-assembled structure from spherical-micellar to a cylindrical morphology. The fabricated poloxamer 407/carbon nanotube hybrid particles exhibit thermo-responsive structural features so that the density and thickness of poloxamer 407 layers are also reversibly controllable by varying temperature. The detailed structural properties of the poloxamer 407/carbon nanotube particles in suspension can be characterized by small-angle neutron scattering experiments and model fit analyses. The distinct curve shapes of the scattering intensities depending on temperature control or addition of aromatic additives are well described by a modified core-shell cylinder model consisting of a carbon nanotube core cylinder, a hydrophobic shell, and a hydrated polymer layer. This method can provide a simple but efficient way for the fabrication and in-situ characterization of carbon nanotube-based nano particles with a structure-tunable encapsulation.

A method for the functionalization of carbon nanotubes with structure-tunable polymeric encapsulation layers and structural characterization using small-angle neutron scattering is presented.

单壁碳纳米管与热可逆嵌段共聚物及表征功能化小角度中子散射

We demonstrate a protocol for single-walled carbon nanotube functionalization using thermo-sensitive PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers in an aqueous ...

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ethylene-propylene rubber, grafted with maleic anhydride, is thermo-reversibly cross-linked in two steps. The pending anhydride moieties are first modified with furfurylamine to graft furan groups to the rubber backbone. These pendant furan groups are then cross-linked with a bis-maleimide via a Diels-Alder coupling reaction. Both reactions can be performed under a broad range of experimental conditions and can easily be applied on a large scale. The material properties of the resulting Diels-Alder cross-linked rubbers are similar to a peroxide-cured ethylene/propylene/diene rubber (EPDM) reference. The cross-links break at elevated temperatures (&#62; 150 &#176;C) via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction and can be reformed by thermal annealing at lower temperatures (50-70 &#176;C). Reversibility of the system was proven with infrared spectroscopy, solubility tests and mechanical properties. Recyclability of the material was also shown in a practical way, i.e., by cutting a cross-linked sample into small parts and compression molding them into new samples displaying comparable mechanical properties, which is not possible for conventionally cross-linked rubbers.

A simple two-step approach involving rubber modification and cross-linking yields fully reworkable, elastic rubber products.

热可逆交联橡胶通过的Diels-Alder反应的化学制备与性能

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ...

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and absence of white light exposure. By instituting a controlled temperature ramp, the gelation of these materials can be precisely monitored as they proceed through this structural evolution, which effectively mirrors the conditions experienced during the solution deposition phase of organic electronic device fabrication. Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) along with appropriate fitting protocols we quantify the evolution of select structural parameters throughout this process. Thorough analysis indicates that continued light exposure throughout the gelation process significantly alters the structure of the ultimately formed gel. Specifically, the aggregation process of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) nano-scale aggregates is negatively affected by the presence of illumination, ultimately resulting in the retardation of growth in conjugated polymer microstructures and the formation of smaller scale macro-aggregate clusters.

A protocol for the analysis of gels formed from the optoelectronic conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) using small and ultra-small angle neutron scattering in both the presence and absence of illumination is presented.

利用中子散射监测光照对共轭高分子凝胶结构的影响

We demonstrate a protocol to effectively monitor the gelation process of a high concentration solution of conjugated polymer both in the presence and ...

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables the silk proteins to be compact and ordered by shearing and elongation forces. Here, a biomimetic microfluidic channel was designed to mimic the specific geometry of the spinning duct of the silkworm. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning doped with high concentration, was extruded through the microchannel to dry-spin fibers at ambient temperature and pressure. In the post-treated process, the as-spun fibers were drawn and stored in ethanol aqueous solution. Synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD) technology was used to investigate the microstructure of single RSF fibers, which were fixed to a sample holder with the RSF fiber axis normal to the microbeam of the X-ray. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystalline orientation of the fiber were calculated from the WAXD data. The diffraction arcs near the equator of the two-dimensional WAXD pattern indicate that the post-treated RSF fiber has a high orientation degree.

A protocol for the microfluidic spinning and microstructure characterization of regenerated silk fibroin monofilament is presented.

微流控干纺及再生丝素纤维的表征

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables ...

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for advanced characterization of organic electroactive compounds along with cyclic voltammetry (CV). In the case of fast reversible electrochemical processes, current is predominantly affected by the rate of diffusion, which is the slowest and limiting stage. EIS is a powerful technique that allows separate analysis of stages of charge transfer that have different AC frequency response. The capability of the method was used to extract the value of charge transfer resistance, which characterizes the rate of charge exchange on the electrode-solution interface. The application of this technique is broad, from biochemistry up to organic electronics. In this work, we are presenting the method of analysis of organic compounds for optoelectronic applications.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of species that undergo reversible oxidation or reduction in solution was used for determination of rate constants of oxidation or reduction.

电化学阻抗谱作为电化学速率常数估计的一种工具

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for advanced characterization of organic electroactive compounds along with cyclic voltammetry (CV). ...

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work.

Here, we present a method of the spectroscopic characterization of organic molecules by means of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on the nanosecond-to-millisecond timescale in oxygen-free conditions. Methods to efficiently remove oxygen from the samples and, thus, limit luminescence quenching are also described.

利用 iccd 摄像机对无氧环境下的三重收集有机化合物进行光物理表征

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...