This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and Simon Fraser University. This work made use of 4D LABS shared facilities supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund (BCKDF) and Simon Fraser University.

1.合成了NaYF 4 /镱3+ / ER 3+上变频纳米粒子（UCNP）的<ol><li>设置该装置如下： <ol><li>将250毫升的加热套定期搅拌板和插套到热电偶。 </li><li>放置一个250ml圆底烧瓶配备有磁力搅拌棒上的加热罩以适当的夹紧。 </li><li>附加一个空气适配器到圆底烧瓶的左颈部和该空气适配器连接到的Schlenk线与塑料管。 </li><li>附加的玻璃适配器到圆底烧瓶的右颈部和固定温度计适配器到玻璃适配器。将温度探针插入通过温度计适配器烧瓶中，将其插入热电偶。 </li><li>附加一个蒸馏头到圆底烧瓶的中间颈部。放置在蒸馏头的顶部的止动。连接头至冷凝器，然后通过真空distillat离子适配器和50毫升圆底烧瓶中。真空蒸馏适配器连接，通过塑料管鼓泡。 </li></ol></li><li>权衡1.17克（3.9毫摩尔）的乙酸钇，0.439克的镱乙酸和0.0727克的铒乙酸（0.1毫摩尔），并将其放置在反应圆底烧瓶中。 </li><li>加入30 ml的油酸和75ml十八烯向烧瓶用量筒。 </li><li>冲洗，用5毫升甲醇，以确保没有油酸和十八碳烯粘到反应烧瓶的侧面圆底烧瓶内的反应的一侧。 </li><li>反应烧瓶连接到双歧管的Schlenk线，并打开相应的阀，以保持反应烧瓶连接到氮气管线。 </li><li>打开热电偶，设定温度至80℃，并且系统逐渐加热到该温度。在80℃和所有的起始原料都溶解后，除去加热套和使反应冷却到30℃。 </li><li>当温度达到30℃时，取下蒸馏头，从左侧颈切换空气适配器到中间颈部和封闭左颈部用塞子。慢慢转动阀上的Schlenk线从氮气管线到真空管引入真空到反应烧瓶中。所有的低沸点组分将在从此时反应拉出。 </li><li>当溶液停止鼓泡，，升温至115℃以5℃/分钟的速度移动。 </li><li>一旦温度达到115℃，保持此温度15分钟，然后取出加热套和冷却该反应至50℃。之后，快速切换设置回原始形式通过重新连接该蒸馏头到中间颈部和空气适配器向左侧头部。 </li><li>在冷却过程中称出0.74克的NaOH（12.5毫摩尔）和0.50克的NH 4 F（20.0毫摩尔），并溶解它们在50毫升甲醇中通过超声处理。 </li><li>超声处理后，将溶液倒入圆底烧瓶中的反应和漂洗烧瓶的侧面，用5毫升甲醇。 </li><li>离开溶液在50℃下搅拌30分钟。 </li><li>提高温度至75℃，蒸馏甲醇。 </li><li>在蒸馏过程中，空收集瓶必要时。后蒸馏完成后，加热反应至300℃在氮气保护下尽可能快。 </li><li>一旦温度达到300℃，保持这个温度1小时。如果需要的话，用铝箔覆盖的设置，以帮助保持温度。然后除去热源，并允许该反应冷却到室温。 </li><li>一旦它被冷却到室温，平分该溶液分为三个离心管（50ml试管，每每个管大约35个ml的溶液），和顶部上的管，以50 ml的规模使用无水乙醇。离心机所有的t他铝管3,400 XG 15分钟。离心后，将UCNPs应在管的侧面观察，为白色沉淀物。 </li><li>弃去上清液并再分散UCNPs粒料在己烷（7.5 ml的每各管己烷），然后补足管，用乙醇至50ml刻度的。离心管再次在3400×g离心15分钟。 </li><li>一旦离心完成后，弃去上清液并再分散的固体UCNPs在30ml 氯仿中供进一步使用。 </li></ol> 2.装配水分散性Nanoassemblies含有有机染料分子和上变频纳米粒子<ol><li>溶解的聚（苯乙烯-马来中高音酐）25毫克（0.0147毫摩尔）（PSMA）在3ml 氯仿的成闪烁小瓶配有磁力搅拌棒。这个量是经过多次试验优化的数量。 </li><li>添加上变频的250微升（47毫克/毫升）的纳米颗粒的氯仿贮存液至scintillation小瓶。 </li><li>盖上小瓶，并将其放置在磁力搅拌板上，搅拌该溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。 </li><li>称取聚醚160毫克（0.0773毫摩尔）胺2070和溶解在1毫升氯仿中。然后用移液管一次性添加该溶液至闪烁瓶中。该解决方案将变成浅黄色，表示聚醚胺2070与上PSMA酸酐基团反应。 </li><li>继续搅拌该溶液在室温下过夜。 </li><li>测量的有机染料分子的数量适当然后分配入闪烁小瓶中一次性，搅拌1小时，所得溶液。 <ol><li>对于样本TPP-NP（nanoassembly含聚合物外壳，四苯基卟啉和上变频纳米颗粒），直接增加1毫克四苯基卟啉的闪烁瓶中。对于样本DAE-UCNP（nanoassembly含聚合物外壳，二芳基乙烯分子和上变频纳米粒子多个），二芳基乙烯的每个分子的数量是2×10 -7摩尔。添加两个二芳基乙烯分子导入反应溶液中。该卷两个二芳基乙烯分子是：DAE-1O（1.8毫米），111微升和DAE-20（1.6毫米），125微升。 </li></ol></li><li>在减压下除去，在CHCl 3溶剂使用旋转蒸发器，再加入3 ml的0.001 M个NaOH水溶液（pH值≈11）的闪烁瓶中，然后超声处理小瓶直到乳状悬浮液形成。 </li><li>将小瓶背面旋转蒸发器上，并小心地除去剩余氯仿 ，直到悬浮液变成透明溶液。 </li><li>从闪烁瓶中将该溶液转移到2个1.5毫升锥形离心管中，然后离心该溶液在20600×g离心25分钟。 </li><li>弃去上清液，然后共3 ml的去离子H 2 O的的添加到两管（每管1.5毫升）中，超声处理管再分散粒料在去离子H 2 O </li><li>再次离心两管在20600×g离心25分钟。 </li><li>弃去上清液，然后共3毫升去离子H 2 O的的添加到两管（每管1.5毫升）中。超声处理管再分散颗粒在去离子H 2 O </li><li>通过0.2μm注射器过滤器过滤该水性分散体的纳米颗粒样品以获得用于进一步测试的最终样品。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

根据此协议中合成的纳米颗粒具有从20至25纳米的中心在左右22.5纳米。-26,27-它们可以被分类为球形颗粒与α-NaYF 4主晶格结构的尺寸分布。还有在这个协议中的两个关键步骤。在UCNP合成，关键的是要维持加热温度和时间尽可能精确，以保证颗粒尺寸分布窄。同时加入的NaOH和NH 4 F一起在反应没有产生纳米颗粒的良好分布尺寸和良好的形态的开头添加镧系元素离子。加入的NaOH?...

今天，仍然是一个迫切需要开发新型生物成像剂。许多新的荧光探针已经有案可稽1-6然而，在图像分辨率实质性改进仍然是一个挑战。7的一个实际方法是直接调制“光”发射状态和一个“暗”淬火状态之间的荧光探针。 8-12这种特殊方法已被应用到开发的技术，如受激发射损耗（STED）显微镜13和随机光学重构显微术（STORM）14 来调制荧光另一种方法是为耦合光响应性的发色团一起用荧光探针。15,16切换两种异构体，即只有一个异构体可以作为有效的能量转移受体之间的光响应发色团，允许控制从第荧光猝灭通过荧光共振能量转移（FRET）等机制Ë探头。的结果是创建的发射状态，并且可以由光响应发色团，以不同波长的光的曝光交替急冷状态。 光响应二芳基乙烯的发色团可以为无色开环异构体和着色环封闭异构体照射时，用紫外和可见光之间发生可逆切换。17-19的两种异构体的闭环异构体的化妆和可调谐吸收光谱的热稳定性二芳基乙烯非常好的候选者可控的FRET受体20-23的镧系元素掺杂的NaYF 4纳米颗粒上变换是用于生物成像是有用的。24这些纳米颗粒吸收的近红外光并发光，在可见光谱的几个区域。荧光调制通过组合光响应二芳基乙烯的发色团和纳米颗粒的例子已预先viously报告由我们的组25-27然而，在每个实施例中描述的系统需要一个额外的合成修饰的二芳基乙烯附着到纳米颗粒的表面，其中复杂更多样化的系统的开发。 在这里我们展示了一个简单的“即插即玩”的方法准备使用自组装策略水分散性有机染料分子和光响应上变频纳米粒子。聚合物的选择;聚（苯乙烯-马来中高音酐）和聚醚胺2070同时提供疏水性和亲水性的环境。的聚合物帮助疏水部分以保持正常的水不溶性有机分子，并上变频纳米颗粒一起，而该聚合物的亲水区是用于保持水溶解度的关键。首先，我们将展示由热核方法合成上变频纳米粒子。然后，我们将证明豪瓦特的有机分子，并上变频纳米颗粒的聚合物壳的疏水区内包封和保持稳定在水介质中通过简单地共同搅拌该升压变换纳米颗粒，聚合物和不同的有机染料分子的溶液，接着通过一种方便的处理过程。我们还演示了如何调制使用外部光线照射组件的荧光发射。我们预计，采用这种“即插即用”的方法，使水分散性nanoassemblies将继续扩大范围。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>yttrium acetate</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>326046</td>
			<td>Yttrium(III) acetate hydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ytterbium acetate</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>544973</td>
			<td>&#160;Ytterbium(III) acetate hydrate&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>erbium acetate</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>325570</td>
			<td>Erbium(III) acetate hydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oleic acid</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>75096</td>
			<td>analytical standard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>octadecene</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>O806&#160;</td>
			<td>Technical grade&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>S5881&#160;</td>
			<td>reagent grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NH4F</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>216011</td>
			<td>ACS reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>4422699</td>
			<td>Average Mn= 1700</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>JeffAmine 2070</td>
			<td>Huntsman</td>
			<td>M-2070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Varian Carry 300</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>JDSU NIR laser</td>
			<td>JSDU</td>
			<td>L4-9897510-100M</td>
			<td>980 nm diode laser</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a 'plug and play' method to create water-dispersible nanoassemblies containing an amphiphilic polymer, organic dyes and upconverting nanoparticles

In this protocol, we first describe a procedure to synthesize lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). We then demonstrate how to generate amphiphilic polymers in situ, and describe a protocol to encapsulate the prepared UCNPs and different organic dye molecules (porphyrins and diarylethenes) using polymer shells to form stable water-dispersible nanoassemblies. The nanoassembly samples containing both the UCNPs and the diarylethene organic dyes have interesting photochemical and photophysical properties. Upon 365 nm UV irradiation, the diarylethene group undergoes a visual color change. When the samples are irradiated with visible light of another specific wavelength, the color fades and the samples return to the initial colorless state. The samples also emit visible light from the UCNPs upon irradiation with 980 nm near-infrared light. The emission intensity of the samples can be tuned through alternate irradiation with UV and visible light. Modulation of fluorescence can be performed for many cycles without observable degradation of the samples. This versatile encapsulation procedure allows for the transfer of hydrophobic molecules and nanoparticles from an organic solvent to an aqueous medium. The polymer helps to maintain a lipid-like microenvironment for the organic molecules to aid in preservation of their photochemical behavior in water. Thus this method is ideal to prepare water-dispersible photoresponsive systems. The use of near-infrared light to activate upconverting nanoparticles allows for lower energy light to be used to activate photoreactions instead of more harmful ultraviolet light.

吸收光谱和荧光光谱采集样品DAE-UCNP。吸收光谱被用于封闭二芳基乙烯的发色团和上变频纳米颗粒之间比较光谱重叠。样品（两者TPP-UCNP和DAE-UCNP）的照片也被包括在内以证明有机染料分子和上变频纳米颗粒，其位于水相中的两亲聚合物壳中成功封装。光化学和荧光的调制也显示出由在不同的光源的样品照明。 化学理论“相似相溶”解释了为什么当在氯仿中卟啉或UCNPs的等分试...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

A &#039;Plug and Play&#039; Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Organic dye molecules and oleic acid coated upconverting nanoparticles are not water-soluble. This protocol describes a &#8216;plug and play&#8217; method that enables the transfer of organic dye molecules and upconverting particles from their initial hydrophobic solvent to water.

A&#39;即插即用&#39;的方法来创建水分散性Nanoassemblies包含两亲聚合物，有机染料和上变频纳米粒子

In this protocol, we first describe a procedure to synthesize lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). We then demonstrate how to generate ...

a-plug-play-method-to-create-water-dispersible-nanoassemblies

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

9.8K 次观看.  Simon Fraser University. Organic dye molecules and oleic acid coated upconverting nanoparticles are not water-soluble. This protocol describes a ‘plug and play’ method that enables the transfer of organic dye molecules and upconverting particles from their initial hydrophobic solvent to water. 

视频: A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Analysis of Volatile and Oxidation Sensitive Compounds Using a Cold Inlet System and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry

This video presents a protocol for the mass spectrometrical analysis of volatile and oxidation sensitive compounds using electron impact ionization. The analysis of volatile and oxidation sensitive compounds by mass spectrometry is not easily achieved, as all state-of-the-art mass spectrometric methods require at least one sample preparation step, e.g., dissolution and dilution of the analyte (electrospray ionization), co-crystallization of the analyte with a matrix compound (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization), or transfer of the prepared samples into the ionization source of the mass spectrometer, to be conducted under atmospheric conditions. Here, the use of a sample inlet system is described which enables the analysis of volatile metal organyls, silanes, and phosphanes using a sector field mass spectrometer equipped with an electron impact ionization source. All sample preparation steps and the sample introduction into the ion source of the mass spectrometer take place either under air-free conditions or under vacuum, enabling the analysis of compounds highly susceptible to oxidation. The presented technique is especially of interest for inorganic chemists, working with metal organyls, silanes, or phosphanes, which have to be handled using inert conditions, such as the Schlenk technique. The principle of operation is presented in this video.

This video presents a protocol for the mass spectrometrical analysis of volatile and oxidation sensitive compounds using electron impact ionization. The presented technique is especially of interest for inorganic chemists, working with metal organyls, silanes, or phosphanes which have to be handled using inert conditions, such as the Schlenk technique.

挥发和氧化敏感的化合物使用冷进气系统和电子轰击质谱分析

This video presents a protocol for the mass spectrometrical analysis of volatile and oxidation sensitive compounds using electron impact ionization. The ...

科研

化学

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and technological applications. Their signature property is their ultrahigh porosity, which however imparts a series of challenges when it comes to both constructing them and working with them. Securing desired MOF chemical and physical functionality by linker/node assembly into a highly porous framework of choice can pose difficulties, as less porous and more thermodynamically stable congeners (e.g., other crystalline polymorphs, catenated analogues) are often preferentially obtained by conventional synthesis methods. Once the desired product is obtained, its characterization often requires specialized techniques that address complications potentially arising from, for example, guest-molecule loss or preferential orientation of microcrystallites. Finally, accessing the large voids inside the MOFs for use in applications that involve gases can be problematic, as frameworks may be subject to collapse during removal of solvent molecules (remnants of solvothermal synthesis). In this paper, we describe synthesis and characterization methods routinely utilized in our lab either to solve or circumvent these issues. The methods include solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries, and materials activation (cavity evacuation) by supercritical CO2 drying. Finally, we provide a protocol for determining a suitable pressure region for applying the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis to nitrogen isotherms, so as to estimate surface area of MOFs with good accuracy.

Synthesis, activation, and characterization of intentionally designed metal-organic framework materials is challenging, especially when building blocks are incompatible or unwanted polymorphs are thermodynamically favored over desired forms. We describe how applications of solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries and activation via supercritical CO2 drying, can address some of these challenges.

功能化的合成与表征金属 - 有机骨架

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like oligomeric clusters of these yellow nanoparticles of narrow size distribution are synthesized under ambient conditions via two methods. The delay-time method controls the number of subunits in the oligoclusters by varying the time between the addition of HAuCl4 to alkaline solution and the subsequent addition of reducing agent, NaSCN. The yellow oligoclusters produced range in size from ~3 to ~25 nm. This size range can be further extended by an add-on method utilizing hydroxylated gold chloride (Na+[Au(OH4-x)Clx]-) to auto-catalytically increase the number of subunits in the as-synthesized oligocluster nanoparticles, providing a total range of 3 nm to 70 nm. The crude oligocluster preparations display narrow size distributions and do not require further fractionation for most purposes. The oligoclusters formed can be concentrated &#62;300 fold without aggregation and the crude reaction mixtures remain stable for weeks without further processing. Because these oligomeric clusters can be concentrated before derivatization they allow expensive derivatizing agents to be used economically. In addition, we present two models by which predictions of particle size can be made with great accuracy.

We describe a simple method for producing highly stable oligomeric clusters of gold nanoparticles via the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). The oligoclusters have a narrow size distribution and can be produced with a wide range of sizes and surface coats.

根据环境条件的金纳米粒子的稳定低聚簇的大小控制合成的一种简便方法

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions

A comprehensive understanding of signaling pathways requires detailed knowledge regarding ligand-receptor interaction. This article describes two fast and reliable point-by-point protocols of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the investigation of ligand-receptor interactions: the direct ligand-receptor interaction assay (LRA) and the competition LRA. As a case study, the ELISA based analysis of the interaction between different lambda interferons (IFNLs) and the alpha subunit of their receptor (IL28RA) is presented: the direct LRA is used for the determination of dissociation constants (KD values) between receptor and IFN ligands, and the competition LRA for the determination of the inhibitory capacity of an oligopeptide, which was designed to compete with the IFNLs at their receptor binding site. Analytical steps to estimate KD and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values are described. Finally, the discussion highlights advantages and disadvantages of the presented method and how the results enable a better molecular understanding of ligand-receptor interactions.

The presented protocols describe two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based techniques for the rapid investigation of ligand-receptor interactions: The first assay allows the determination of dissociation constant between ligand and receptor. The second assay enables a rapid screening of blocking peptides for ligand-receptor interactions.

的ELISA基结合和竞争法快速测定配体 - 受体相互作用

A comprehensive understanding of signaling pathways requires detailed knowledge regarding ligand-receptor interaction. This article describes two fast and ...

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ethylene-propylene rubber, grafted with maleic anhydride, is thermo-reversibly cross-linked in two steps. The pending anhydride moieties are first modified with furfurylamine to graft furan groups to the rubber backbone. These pendant furan groups are then cross-linked with a bis-maleimide via a Diels-Alder coupling reaction. Both reactions can be performed under a broad range of experimental conditions and can easily be applied on a large scale. The material properties of the resulting Diels-Alder cross-linked rubbers are similar to a peroxide-cured ethylene/propylene/diene rubber (EPDM) reference. The cross-links break at elevated temperatures (&#62; 150 &#176;C) via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction and can be reformed by thermal annealing at lower temperatures (50-70 &#176;C). Reversibility of the system was proven with infrared spectroscopy, solubility tests and mechanical properties. Recyclability of the material was also shown in a practical way, i.e., by cutting a cross-linked sample into small parts and compression molding them into new samples displaying comparable mechanical properties, which is not possible for conventionally cross-linked rubbers.

A simple two-step approach involving rubber modification and cross-linking yields fully reworkable, elastic rubber products.

热可逆交联橡胶通过的Diels-Alder反应的化学制备与性能

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ...

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient radiolabeling of DBCO-group-functionalized gold nanoparticles using a copper-free click reaction. Radioiodination of the stannylated precursor (2) was carried out by using [125I]NaI and chloramine T as an oxidant at room temperature for 15 min. After HPLC purification of the crude product, the purified 125I-labeled azide (1) was obtained with high radiochemical yield (75 &plusmn; 10%, n = 8) and excellent radiochemical purity (&gt;99%). For the synthesis of radiolabeled 13-nm-sized gold nanoparticles, the DBCO-functionalized gold nanoparticles (3) were prepared by using a thiolated polyethylene glycol polymer. A copper-free click reaction between 1 and 3 gave the 125I-labeled gold nanoparticles (4) with more than 95% of radiochemical yield as determined by radio-thin-layer chromatography (radio-TLC). These results clearly indicate that the present radiolabeling method using a strain-promoted copper-free click reaction will be useful for the efficient and convenient radiolabeling of DBCO-group-containing nanomaterials.

An Optimized Protocol for the Efficient Radiolabeling of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a 125I-labeled Azide Prosthetic Group

A detailed procedure for the synthesis of a 125I-labeled azide and the radiolabeling of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-group-conjugated, 13-nm-sized gold nanoparticles using a copper-free click reaction is described.

一个优化的协议通过使用金纳米粒子的放射性标记效率<sup&gt; 125</sup&gt;我标记的叠氮辅基

Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for the radiosynthesis of a 125I-labeled azide prosthetic group and its application to the efficient ...

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness

We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a free-radical polymerization strategy to enable the modulation of the nanotube surface properties and produce supramolecular self-assembly of the nanostructures. First, a selective hydroxylation of the pristine nanotubes through a biphasic catalytically mediated oxidation reaction creates superficially distributed reactive sites at the sidewalls. The latter reactive sites are subsequently modified with methacrylic moieties using a silylated methacrylic precursor to create polymerizable sites. Those polymerizable groups can address further polymerization of styrene to produce a hybrid nanomaterial containing PS chains grafted to the nanotube sidewalls. The polymer-graft content, amount of silylated methacrylic moieties introduced and hydroxylation modification of the nanotubes are identified and quantified by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The presence of reactive functional groups hydroxyl and silylated methacrylate are confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Polystyrene-grafted carbon nanotube solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) provide wall-to-wall collinearly self-assembled nanotubes when cast samples are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Those self-assemblies are not obtained when suitable blanks are similarly cast from analogous solutions containing non-grafted counterparts. Therefore, this method enables the modification of the nanotube anisotropic patchiness at the sidewalls which results into spontaneous auto-organization at the nanoscale.

A procedure for the synthesis of polystyrene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes using successive chemical modification steps to selectively introduce the polymer chains to the sidewalls and their self-assembly via anisotropic patchiness is presented.

用聚苯乙烯接枝多壁纳米碳纳米管使自组装和各向异性斑块

We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a ...

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work.

Here, we present a method of the spectroscopic characterization of organic molecules by means of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on the nanosecond-to-millisecond timescale in oxygen-free conditions. Methods to efficiently remove oxygen from the samples and, thus, limit luminescence quenching are also described.

利用 iccd 摄像机对无氧环境下的三重收集有机化合物进行光物理表征

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...

Raman and IR Spectroelectrochemical Methods as Tools to Analyze Conjugated Organic Compounds

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule on the vibrational level of energy. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry can be used for advanced characterization of the structural changes in the organic electroactive compounds. Here, the step-by-step analysis by means of Raman and IR spectroelectrochemistry is shown. Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical techniques provide complementary information about structural changes occurring during an electrochemical process, i.e. allows for the investigation of redox processes and their products. The examples of IR and Raman spectroelectrochemical analysis are presented, in which the products of the redox reactions, both in solution and solid state, are identified.

A protocol of step-by-step Raman and IR spectroelectrochemical analysis is presented.

拉曼光谱和红外光谱电化学法作为分析共轭有机化合物的工具

In the presented work, two spectroelectrochemical techniques are discussed as tools for the analysis of the structural changes occurring in the molecule ...

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Here, we describe an effective protocol that combines photoredox Ni/Ir catalysis with the use of a Zn-alkoxide for efficient ring-opening polymerization, allowing for the synthesis of isotactic poly(&#945;-hydroxy acids) with expected molecular weights (&#62;140 kDa) and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn &#60; 1.1). This ring-opening polymerization is mediated by Ni and Zn complexes in the presence of an alcohol initiator and a photoredox Ir catalyst, irradiated by a blue LED (400 - 500 nm). The polymerization is performed at a low temperature (-15 &#176;C) to avoid undesired side reactions. The complete monomer consumption can be achieved within 4 - 8 hours, providing a polymer close to the expected molecular weight with narrow molecular weight distribution. The resulted number-average molecular weight shows a linear correlation with the degree of polymerization up to 1000. The homodecoupling 1H NMR study confirms that the obtained polymer is isotactic without epimerization. This polymerization reported herein offers a strategy for achieving rapid, controlled O-carboxyanhydrides polymerization to prepare stereoregular poly(&#945;-hydroxy acids) and its copolymers bearing various functional side-chain groups.

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

A protocol for the controlled photoredox ring-opening polymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides mediated by Ni/Zn complexes is presented.

镍/锌配合物介导的O-Carboxyanhydrides 的控制 Photoredox 环开聚合

Here, we describe an effective protocol that combines photoredox Ni/Ir catalysis with the use of a Zn-alkoxide for efficient ring-opening polymerization, ...