This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and Simon Fraser University. This work made use of 4D LABS shared facilities supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund (BCKDF) and Simon Fraser University.

1.合成了NaYF 4 /镱3+ / ER 3+上变频纳米粒子（UCNP）的<ol><li>设置该装置如下： <ol><li>将250毫升的加热套定期搅拌板和插套到热电偶。 </li><li>放置一个250ml圆底烧瓶配备有磁力搅拌棒上的加热罩以适当的夹紧。 </li><li>附加一个空气适配器到圆底烧瓶的左颈部和该空气适配器连接到的Schlenk线与塑料管。 </li><li>附加的玻璃适配器到圆底烧瓶的右颈部和固定温度计适配器到玻璃适配器。将温度探针插入通过温度计适配器烧瓶中，将其插入热电偶。 </li><li>附加一个蒸馏头到圆底烧瓶的中间颈部。放置在蒸馏头的顶部的止动。连接头至冷凝器，然后通过真空distillat离子适配器和50毫升圆底烧瓶中。真空蒸馏适配器连接，通过塑料管鼓泡。 </li></ol></li><li>权衡1.17克（3.9毫摩尔）的乙酸钇，0.439克的镱乙酸和0.0727克的铒乙酸（0.1毫摩尔），并将其放置在反应圆底烧瓶中。 </li><li>加入30 ml的油酸和75ml十八烯向烧瓶用量筒。 </li><li>冲洗，用5毫升甲醇，以确保没有油酸和十八碳烯粘到反应烧瓶的侧面圆底烧瓶内的反应的一侧。 </li><li>反应烧瓶连接到双歧管的Schlenk线，并打开相应的阀，以保持反应烧瓶连接到氮气管线。 </li><li>打开热电偶，设定温度至80℃，并且系统逐渐加热到该温度。在80℃和所有的起始原料都溶解后，除去加热套和使反应冷却到30℃。 </li><li>当温度达到30℃时，取下蒸馏头，从左侧颈切换空气适配器到中间颈部和封闭左颈部用塞子。慢慢转动阀上的Schlenk线从氮气管线到真空管引入真空到反应烧瓶中。所有的低沸点组分将在从此时反应拉出。 </li><li>当溶液停止鼓泡，，升温至115℃以5℃/分钟的速度移动。 </li><li>一旦温度达到115℃，保持此温度15分钟，然后取出加热套和冷却该反应至50℃。之后，快速切换设置回原始形式通过重新连接该蒸馏头到中间颈部和空气适配器向左侧头部。 </li><li>在冷却过程中称出0.74克的NaOH（12.5毫摩尔）和0.50克的NH 4 F（20.0毫摩尔），并溶解它们在50毫升甲醇中通过超声处理。 </li><li>超声处理后，将溶液倒入圆底烧瓶中的反应和漂洗烧瓶的侧面，用5毫升甲醇。 </li><li>离开溶液在50℃下搅拌30分钟。 </li><li>提高温度至75℃，蒸馏甲醇。 </li><li>在蒸馏过程中，空收集瓶必要时。后蒸馏完成后，加热反应至300℃在氮气保护下尽可能快。 </li><li>一旦温度达到300℃，保持这个温度1小时。如果需要的话，用铝箔覆盖的设置，以帮助保持温度。然后除去热源，并允许该反应冷却到室温。 </li><li>一旦它被冷却到室温，平分该溶液分为三个离心管（50ml试管，每每个管大约35个ml的溶液），和顶部上的管，以50 ml的规模使用无水乙醇。离心机所有的t他铝管3,400 XG 15分钟。离心后，将UCNPs应在管的侧面观察，为白色沉淀物。 </li><li>弃去上清液并再分散UCNPs粒料在己烷（7.5 ml的每各管己烷），然后补足管，用乙醇至50ml刻度的。离心管再次在3400×g离心15分钟。 </li><li>一旦离心完成后，弃去上清液并再分散的固体UCNPs在30ml 氯仿中供进一步使用。 </li></ol> 2.装配水分散性Nanoassemblies含有有机染料分子和上变频纳米粒子<ol><li>溶解的聚（苯乙烯-马来中高音酐）25毫克（0.0147毫摩尔）（PSMA）在3ml 氯仿的成闪烁小瓶配有磁力搅拌棒。这个量是经过多次试验优化的数量。 </li><li>添加上变频的250微升（47毫克/毫升）的纳米颗粒的氯仿贮存液至scintillation小瓶。 </li><li>盖上小瓶，并将其放置在磁力搅拌板上，搅拌该溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。 </li><li>称取聚醚160毫克（0.0773毫摩尔）胺2070和溶解在1毫升氯仿中。然后用移液管一次性添加该溶液至闪烁瓶中。该解决方案将变成浅黄色，表示聚醚胺2070与上PSMA酸酐基团反应。 </li><li>继续搅拌该溶液在室温下过夜。 </li><li>测量的有机染料分子的数量适当然后分配入闪烁小瓶中一次性，搅拌1小时，所得溶液。 <ol><li>对于样本TPP-NP（nanoassembly含聚合物外壳，四苯基卟啉和上变频纳米颗粒），直接增加1毫克四苯基卟啉的闪烁瓶中。对于样本DAE-UCNP（nanoassembly含聚合物外壳，二芳基乙烯分子和上变频纳米粒子多个），二芳基乙烯的每个分子的数量是2×10 -7摩尔。添加两个二芳基乙烯分子导入反应溶液中。该卷两个二芳基乙烯分子是：DAE-1O（1.8毫米），111微升和DAE-20（1.6毫米），125微升。 </li></ol></li><li>在减压下除去，在CHCl 3溶剂使用旋转蒸发器，再加入3 ml的0.001 M个NaOH水溶液（pH值≈11）的闪烁瓶中，然后超声处理小瓶直到乳状悬浮液形成。 </li><li>将小瓶背面旋转蒸发器上，并小心地除去剩余氯仿 ，直到悬浮液变成透明溶液。 </li><li>从闪烁瓶中将该溶液转移到2个1.5毫升锥形离心管中，然后离心该溶液在20600×g离心25分钟。 </li><li>弃去上清液，然后共3 ml的去离子H 2 O的的添加到两管（每管1.5毫升）中，超声处理管再分散粒料在去离子H 2 O </li><li>再次离心两管在20600×g离心25分钟。 </li><li>弃去上清液，然后共3毫升去离子H 2 O的的添加到两管（每管1.5毫升）中。超声处理管再分散颗粒在去离子H 2 O </li><li>通过0.2μm注射器过滤器过滤该水性分散体的纳米颗粒样品以获得用于进一步测试的最终样品。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

根据此协议中合成的纳米颗粒具有从20至25纳米的中心在左右22.5纳米。-26,27-它们可以被分类为球形颗粒与α-NaYF 4主晶格结构的尺寸分布。还有在这个协议中的两个关键步骤。在UCNP合成，关键的是要维持加热温度和时间尽可能精确，以保证颗粒尺寸分布窄。同时加入的NaOH和NH 4 F一起在反应没有产生纳米颗粒的良好分布尺寸和良好的形态的开头添加镧系元素离子。加入的NaOH?...

今天，仍然是一个迫切需要开发新型生物成像剂。许多新的荧光探针已经有案可稽1-6然而，在图像分辨率实质性改进仍然是一个挑战。7的一个实际方法是直接调制“光”发射状态和一个“暗”淬火状态之间的荧光探针。 8-12这种特殊方法已被应用到开发的技术，如受激发射损耗（STED）显微镜13和随机光学重构显微术（STORM）14 来调制荧光另一种方法是为耦合光响应性的发色团一起用荧光探针。15,16切换两种异构体，即只有一个异构体可以作为有效的能量转移受体之间的光响应发色团，允许控制从第荧光猝灭通过荧光共振能量转移（FRET）等机制Ë探头。的结果是创建的发射状态，并且可以由光响应发色团，以不同波长的光的曝光交替急冷状态。 光响应二芳基乙烯的发色团可以为无色开环异构体和着色环封闭异构体照射时，用紫外和可见光之间发生可逆切换。17-19的两种异构体的闭环异构体的化妆和可调谐吸收光谱的热稳定性二芳基乙烯非常好的候选者可控的FRET受体20-23的镧系元素掺杂的NaYF 4纳米颗粒上变换是用于生物成像是有用的。24这些纳米颗粒吸收的近红外光并发光，在可见光谱的几个区域。荧光调制通过组合光响应二芳基乙烯的发色团和纳米颗粒的例子已预先viously报告由我们的组25-27然而，在每个实施例中描述的系统需要一个额外的合成修饰的二芳基乙烯附着到纳米颗粒的表面，其中复杂更多样化的系统的开发。 在这里我们展示了一个简单的“即插即玩”的方法准备使用自组装策略水分散性有机染料分子和光响应上变频纳米粒子。聚合物的选择;聚（苯乙烯-马来中高音酐）和聚醚胺2070同时提供疏水性和亲水性的环境。的聚合物帮助疏水部分以保持正常的水不溶性有机分子，并上变频纳米颗粒一起，而该聚合物的亲水区是用于保持水溶解度的关键。首先，我们将展示由热核方法合成上变频纳米粒子。然后，我们将证明豪瓦特的有机分子，并上变频纳米颗粒的聚合物壳的疏水区内包封和保持稳定在水介质中通过简单地共同搅拌该升压变换纳米颗粒，聚合物和不同的有机染料分子的溶液，接着通过一种方便的处理过程。我们还演示了如何调制使用外部光线照射组件的荧光发射。我们预计，采用这种“即插即用”的方法，使水分散性nanoassemblies将继续扩大范围。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>yttrium acetate</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>326046</td>
			<td>Yttrium(III) acetate hydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ytterbium acetate</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>544973</td>
			<td>&#160;Ytterbium(III) acetate hydrate&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>erbium acetate</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>325570</td>
			<td>Erbium(III) acetate hydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oleic acid</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>75096</td>
			<td>analytical standard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>octadecene</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>O806&#160;</td>
			<td>Technical grade&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>S5881&#160;</td>
			<td>reagent grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NH4F</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>216011</td>
			<td>ACS reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>4422699</td>
			<td>Average Mn= 1700</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>JeffAmine 2070</td>
			<td>Huntsman</td>
			<td>M-2070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Varian Carry 300</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>JDSU NIR laser</td>
			<td>JSDU</td>
			<td>L4-9897510-100M</td>
			<td>980 nm diode laser</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a 'plug and play' method to create water-dispersible nanoassemblies containing an amphiphilic polymer, organic dyes and upconverting nanoparticles

In this protocol, we first describe a procedure to synthesize lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). We then demonstrate how to generate amphiphilic polymers in situ, and describe a protocol to encapsulate the prepared UCNPs and different organic dye molecules (porphyrins and diarylethenes) using polymer shells to form stable water-dispersible nanoassemblies. The nanoassembly samples containing both the UCNPs and the diarylethene organic dyes have interesting photochemical and photophysical properties. Upon 365 nm UV irradiation, the diarylethene group undergoes a visual color change. When the samples are irradiated with visible light of another specific wavelength, the color fades and the samples return to the initial colorless state. The samples also emit visible light from the UCNPs upon irradiation with 980 nm near-infrared light. The emission intensity of the samples can be tuned through alternate irradiation with UV and visible light. Modulation of fluorescence can be performed for many cycles without observable degradation of the samples. This versatile encapsulation procedure allows for the transfer of hydrophobic molecules and nanoparticles from an organic solvent to an aqueous medium. The polymer helps to maintain a lipid-like microenvironment for the organic molecules to aid in preservation of their photochemical behavior in water. Thus this method is ideal to prepare water-dispersible photoresponsive systems. The use of near-infrared light to activate upconverting nanoparticles allows for lower energy light to be used to activate photoreactions instead of more harmful ultraviolet light.

吸收光谱和荧光光谱采集样品DAE-UCNP。吸收光谱被用于封闭二芳基乙烯的发色团和上变频纳米颗粒之间比较光谱重叠。样品（两者TPP-UCNP和DAE-UCNP）的照片也被包括在内以证明有机染料分子和上变频纳米颗粒，其位于水相中的两亲聚合物壳中成功封装。光化学和荧光的调制也显示出由在不同的光源的样品照明。 化学理论“相似相溶”解释了为什么当在氯仿中卟啉或UCNPs的等分试...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

A &#039;Plug and Play&#039; Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Organic dye molecules and oleic acid coated upconverting nanoparticles are not water-soluble. This protocol describes a &#8216;plug and play&#8217; method that enables the transfer of organic dye molecules and upconverting particles from their initial hydrophobic solvent to water.

A&#39;即插即用&#39;的方法来创建水分散性Nanoassemblies包含两亲聚合物，有机染料和上变频纳米粒子

In this protocol, we first describe a procedure to synthesize lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). We then demonstrate how to generate ...

a-plug-play-method-to-create-water-dispersible-nanoassemblies

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JoVE Journal

Chemistry

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

9.8K 次观看.  Simon Fraser University. Organic dye molecules and oleic acid coated upconverting nanoparticles are not water-soluble. This protocol describes a ‘plug and play’ method that enables the transfer of organic dye molecules and upconverting particles from their initial hydrophobic solvent to water. 