Name: murine prostate micro-dissection and surgical castration
Uploaded: 2016-05-11T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 49 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration at JoVE.com

一些在本手稿的数字是慷慨巴特O.威廉姆斯的实验室提供。作者由美国国家癌症研究所授予U54CA143803，CA163124，CA093900，和CA143055支持。

该协议符合并遵循约翰·霍普金斯大学机构动物护理和使用委员会的指导方针。 1.微解剖一个小鼠前列腺<ol><li>安乐死的二氧化碳窒息或按照机构动物护理和使用指南替代批准的方法鼠标。 </li><li>通过将销穿过每个四爪的针在仰卧位置到夹层板鼠标。 </li><li>喷用70％乙醇的腹部。 </li><li>握住钳下腹部的皮肤，并用剪刀通过皮肤切割和腹膜约1cm前阴茎的开通，注意不要剪的任何器官。 </li><li>从下腹部，腹部到肋笼最多两侧切掉皮肤和腹膜，暴露腹腔。 </li><li>识别膀胱和泌尿生殖道及脂肪等器官轻轻地移动到侧面揭露他们。 </li><li> USI吴钳，握在尿道口附近的基地输精管，和它扯下来。 </li><li>与异性输精管重复。 </li><li>使用镊子，小心地握膀胱和拉起来，同时使用剪​​刀通过气囊和腹侧前列腺（大约1cm膀胱的基部下面）下面尿道削减。 注:由于膀胱拉升，整个泌尿生殖道（包括膀胱，尿道，前列腺的所有叶和精囊的部分）将随之而来。可能会有一些阻力。 </li><li>放置泌尿生殖道（UGT）到含有约5-10磷酸盐毫升缓冲盐水（PBS）60-100毫米的培养皿。 </li><li>解剖显微镜下执行协议的其余部分。使用两个细镊子，一手一个。抓住镊子"像铅笔"，并停留在台式前臂，以稳住他们。 </li><li>用细镊子定位UGT使得膀胱在上面，尿道朝下，和精囊定位在膀胱的两侧。 </li><li>握一个镊子，仔细尿道拉出与其他钳远离脂肪没有撕掉的前列腺组织。注意:脂肪会出现"闪亮"相对于周围的组织。 </li><li>一旦脂肪被去除，使用镊子撕前列腺两腹侧裂片之间的结缔组织和将它们分开。 </li><li>以除去腹侧裂片之一，使用一个镊子夹住一个单一腹叶的尖端附近，并使用其他镊子夹住该叶在底部尽量靠近尿道越好。同时仍然夹持瓣的基础上，使用其他镊子夹住尿道。以坚定的，平滑的运动拉叶从尿道路程。确保没有前列腺组织仍然附着到尿道。放置叶到适当的介质中，根据下一次的实验步骤。 <ol><li>要修复和石蜡嵌入在S充足用于组织学分析，将在10％的中性缓冲的福尔马林（NBF）8瓣。 </li><li>放置在冷冻介质中，例如OCT中，用于冷冻保存和切片8瓣。 </li><li>将单细胞分离冷PBS耳垂文化或流式细胞仪9。 </li></ol></li><li>重复步骤1.15与其他腹叶。 </li><li>要删除前叶中的一个，使用镊子轻轻一拉叶从精囊走，确保不要刺破精囊。一旦叶是独立的精囊，删除它以相同的方式如在步骤1.15腹侧叶。 </li><li>重复步骤1.17与其它前叶。 </li><li>翻转剩余泌尿生殖道通过使得背侧前列腺是可见的。 </li><li>以除去背外侧裂片之一，使用镊子撕两个背外侧叶并凸角和叔之间的结缔组织之间的结缔组织他后路精囊的区域。以类似的方式在步骤1.15腹侧叶除去叶。 </li><li>重复步骤1.20与其他背外侧叶。 </li></ol> 2.手术阉割注:这是一个生存的手术，所以无菌，麻醉和疼痛管理是该协议的道德和顺利完成至关重要。按照所有机构动物护理和使用指南。使用外部热源，如一个循环水毯，在外科手术过程中，以防止体温过低。无人看管，直到它已经恢复了足够的意识，以保持胸骨斜卧不要让动物。不要返回已动过手术，以公司的其他动物，直到完全康复的动物。在手术前用高压灭菌所有的手术器械。 <ol><li>在一个无尘，无菌表面采用适当的措施（ 例如 2％异氟烷吸入）麻醉鼠标和M位置乌斯在仰卧位置。注意:可替代麻醉的方法，如氯胺酮，也可以使用，这取决于批准的动物协议。 </li><li>按捏脚趾检查老鼠的反射。如果鼠标没有反应，继续执行下一步。如果它没有反应，等待1-3分钟，并再次检查。用电动剃须刀刮胡子手术区。 </li><li>无菌制备使用由机构兽医人员或IACUC推荐70％的乙醇和碘或程序的交替磨砂鼠标的腹部。 </li><li>用无菌解剖刀，使通过皮肤1cm的垂直切口在下腹的中线，大约1.5 cm前方阴茎。 </li><li>做一个小切口（&lt;1厘米）通过腹膜，注意不要剪的任何器官。 </li><li>使用无菌镊子，把手腹膜的切割边缘并轻轻将其提起，以便能够下方看到腹膜腔。 </li><li>使用另一无菌镊子，将手伸入日È腹膜腔和抓握左或右睾丸脂肪垫，横向于膀胱。直到睾丸出来，以及通过拉在腹膜和皮肤开幕脂肪垫。注意不要在这个步骤中可破坏任何其它组织或器官。 </li><li>使用烧灼笔，通过持有睾丸脂肪垫切割。通过与烧灼笔注睾丸动脉慢切:如果睾丸动脉被切断太快，可能有太多的出血和鼠标可能不得不被安乐死。 </li><li>一旦脂肪垫和动脉被切断，去除睾丸和脂肪垫。 </li><li>重复步骤2.6-2.9与其他睾丸。注意:用于除去睾丸的另一种方法是通过手术结扎睾丸动脉，然后用剪刀切割容器中。 </li><li>缝合腹膜与可吸收线缝合关闭。 </li><li>装订皮肤封闭手术伤口剪辑。 </li><li>辖止痛药管理的痛苦和地点鼠标在笼子里温暖5-10分钟一个干净的笼子。监测小鼠疼痛或出血的迹象。 </li></ol>

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作者宣称，他们没有竞争的经济利益。

前列腺显微解剖允许特定瓣实验和小鼠前列腺的分析（ 图1）。在遗传工程小鼠模型，表型可能在未在其他见过叶中看到。此外，对于组织学分析，该协议确保了纯的前列腺组织的最大量可以被切片，染色，而不存在于所述部分中的其他泌尿生殖道的组织。最后，对于单细胞实验，该协议允许几乎纯质的前列腺细胞的分离。上皮细胞富集试剂盒可以进一步净化从基质细胞前列腺细胞。...

前列腺是癌症在美国男性中最常见的部位。近22人，每年将被诊断患有前列腺癌，并且约27,000人会屈服于他们的疾病1。男人有美国1前列腺癌诊断的1/7的寿命风险。良性前列腺增生（BPH），前列腺的年龄有关的非癌性增大，也是一个普遍的状况，影响男性超过80％，超过80 2，因此，前列腺是相当多的研究的重点。 小鼠模型已被广泛用来研究前列腺3的疾病。总体而言，小鼠前列腺是人类腺4的优秀代表，但也有相似性和小鼠和人前列腺解剖学和生理学5之间的差异。在这两个物种中，前列腺位于膀胱的基础上，环绕尿道。人类前列腺是一个LO定，分为四个区域:中部，过渡，外设和前纤维肌性基质。与此相反，在小鼠前列腺包括在尿道周围的不同位置三次配对裂片:前壁，腹和背外侧。在细胞水平上，主要的区别在于，基底细胞至管腔细胞比在人为约1:1，但它是1:4小鼠6。鼠基质也是相对于人类的小鼠不同 - 人类有更广泛的平滑肌，而肌肉层是在小鼠前列腺薄得多。正确的识别，解剖和小鼠前列腺的处理是小鼠前列腺的研究是必不可少的。 激素水平显着影响在人类和小鼠中的前列腺的发育和内环境稳定。而雌激素似乎在前列腺发育7发挥作用，在前列腺的最重要的激素是睾酮。睾酮是腺发展的重要d维持。以下物理或化学去势，在成人前列腺apoptose的管腔细胞的约90％，和腺收缩。如果睾丸激素去势条件下重新引入个人，前列腺能自己再生满负荷生产。睾酮也似乎驱动前列腺癌，这是为什么雄激素剥夺疗法是一种常用的治疗策略。然而，许多前列腺癌成为去势抵抗性。此外，男性接受雄激素剥夺治疗前列腺癌的治疗经历的阉割和再生条件的周期。在小鼠中，手术去势，通过重新引入睾酮前列腺激素再生沿，是一个重要的工具，使用它来研究去势抗性和睾酮循环对前列腺的作用。 在本文中，我们将讨论并演示通过其中LOCAT适当的技术e和微解剖小鼠前列腺，以及通过外科手术阉割鼠标。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Surgical tools</td><td>Roboz</td><td>Various</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Formaldehyde</td><td>Sigma</td><td>F8775</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>OCT medium</td><td>VWR</td><td>25608-930</td><td>Must be placed on dry ice to freeze, and stored at -80 &amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>10010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Johns Hopkins</td><td></td><td>Also available from vendors online</td></tr><tr><td>Cautery Pen</td><td>Medline</td><td>ESCT002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silk suture</td><td>AD Surgical</td><td>M-S330R19</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical Wound Clips</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-9265</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

murine prostate micro-dissection and surgical castration

Mouse models are used extensively to study prostate cancer and other diseases. The mouse is an excellent model with which to study the prostate and has been used as a surrogate for discoveries in human prostate development and disease. Prostate micro-dissection allows consistent study of lobe-specific prostate anatomy, histology, and cellular characteristics in the absence of contamination of other tissues. Testosterone affects prostate development and disease. Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer patients, but many prostate tumors become castration-resistant. Surgical castration of mouse models allows for the study of castration resistance and other facets of hormonal biology on the prostate. This procedure can be coupled with testosterone reintroduction, or hormonal regeneration of the prostate, a powerful method to study stem cell lineages in the prostate. Together, prostate micro-dissection and surgical castration opens up a multitude of opportunities for robust and consistent research of prostate development and disease. This manuscript describes the protocols for prostate micro-dissection and surgical castration in the laboratory mouse.

所有六个前列腺叶从经由前列腺显微解剖小鼠（ 图1）移除。完整的泌尿生殖道（UGT）由所有前列腺叶，膀胱，精囊和尿道（ 图1a）。输精管连接到尿道，但这是没有必要的前列腺显微解剖，并因此可以去除UGT之前通过削减尿道（ 图1b，1c）的分离。泌尿生殖道将保持一起一旦从腹部（ 图1d）中除去。在这一点上，UGT仍然?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration at JoVE.com

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

该原稿描述了在实验室小鼠前列腺显微解剖和手术去势的协议。我们还通过描绘这些协议产生代表性的结果。最后，我们讨论的优点和这些协议的利用率。

鼠前列腺微解剖和手术去势

Mouse models are used extensively to study prostate cancer and other diseases. The mouse is an excellent model with which to study the prostate and has ...

murine-prostate-micro-dissection-and-surgical-castration

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

45.3K 次观看.  Johns Hopkins University. 该原稿描述了在实验室小鼠前列腺显微解剖和手术去势的协议。我们还通过描绘这些协议产生代表性的结果。最后，我们讨论的优点和这些协议的利用率。 

视频: Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Orthotopic tumor modeling is a valuable tool for pre-clinical prostate cancer research, as it has multiple advantages over both subcutaneous and transgenic genetically engineered mouse models. Unlike subcutaneous tumors, orthotopic tumors contain more clinically accurate vasculature, tumor microenvironment, and responses to multiple therapies. In contrast to genetically engineered mouse models, orthotopic models can be performed with lower cost and in less time, involve the use of highly complex and heterogeneous mouse or human cancer cell lines, rather that single genetic alterations, and these cell lines can be genetically modified, such as to express imaging agents. Here, we present a protocol to surgically injecting a luciferase- and mCherry-expressing murine prostate cancer cell line into the anterior prostate lobe of mice. These mice developed orthotopic tumors that were non-invasively monitored in vivo and further analyzed for tumor volume, weight, mouse survival, and immune infiltration. Further, orthotopic tumor-bearing mice were surgically castrated, leading to immediate tumor regression and subsequent recurrence, representing castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although technical skill is required to carry out this procedure, this syngeneic orthotopic model of both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer is of great use to all investigators in the field.

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the intra-prostatic injection of prostate cancer cells, with subsequent castration. Orthotopic pre-clinical models of androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer are critical to study the disease in the context of a clinically relevant tumor microenvironment and an immunocompetent host.

雄激素依赖性和去势抗性前列腺癌的荧光自体小鼠模型

Orthotopic tumor modeling is a valuable tool for pre-clinical prostate cancer research, as it has multiple advantages over both subcutaneous and ...

科研

癌症研究

Virus Delivery of CRISPR Guides to the Murine Prostate for Gene Alteration

With an increasing incidence of prostate cancer, identification of new tumor drivers or modulators is crucial. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) for prostate cancer are hampered by tumor heterogeneity and its complex microevolution dynamics. Traditional prostate cancer mouse models include, amongst others, germline and conditional knockouts, transgenic expression of oncogenes, and xenograft models. Generation of de novo mutations in these models is complex, time-consuming, and costly. In addition, most of traditional models target the majority of the prostate epithelium, whereas human prostate cancer is well known to evolve as an isolated event in only a small subset of cells. Valuable models need to simulate not only prostate cancer initiation, but also progression to advanced disease.
Here we describe a method to target a few cells in the prostate epithelium by transducing cells by viral particles. The delivery of an engineered virus to the murine prostate allows alteration of gene expression in the prostate epithelia. Virus type and quantity will hereby define the number of targeted cells for gene alteration by transducing a few cells for cancer initiation and many cells for gene therapy. Through surgery-based injection in the anterior lobe, distal from the urinary track, the tumor in this model can expand without impairing the urinary function of the animal. Furthermore, by targeting only a subset of prostate epithelial cells the technique enables clonal expansion of the tumor, and therefore mimics human tumor initiation, progression, as well as invasion through the basal membrane.
This novel technique provides a powerful prostate cancer model with improved physiological relevance. Animal suffering is limited, and since no additional breeding is required, overall animal count is reduced. At the same time, analysis of new candidate genes and pathways is accelerated, which in turn is more cost efficient.

This protocol describes a newly established method for virus delivery to the murine prostate. Using either CRISPR/Cas9 technology, gene overexpression, or Cre recombinase delivery, the technique allows orthotopic alteration of gene expression and implements a novel mouse model for prostate cancer.

CRISPR 指南对小鼠前列腺病毒传递的基因改变

With an increasing incidence of prostate cancer, identification of new tumor drivers or modulators is crucial. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) ...

Identification, Histological Characterization, and Dissection of Mouse Prostate Lobes for In Vitro 3D Spheroid Culture Models

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) serve as effective pre-clinical models for investigating most types of human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Understanding the anatomy and histology of the mouse prostate is important for the efficient use and proper characterization of such animal models. The mouse prostate has four distinct pairs of lobes, each with their own characteristics. This article demonstrates the proper method of dissection and identification of mouse prostate lobes for disease analysis. Post-dissection, the prostate cells can be further cultured in vitro for mechanistic understanding. Since mouse prostate primary cells tend to lose their normal characteristics when cultured in vitro, we outline here a method for isolating the cells and growing them as 3D spheroid cultures, which is effective for preserving the physiological characteristics of the cells. These 3D cultures can be used for analyzing cell morphology and behavior in near-physiological conditions, investigating altered levels and localizations of key proteins and pathways involved in the development and progression of a disease, and looking at responses to drug treatments.

Genetically engineered mice are useful models for investigating prostate cancer mechanisms. Here we present a protocol to identify and dissect prostate lobes from a mouse urogenital system, differentiate them based on histology, and isolate and culture the primary prostate cells in vitro as spheroids for downstream analyses.

体外3D 球形培养模型小鼠前列腺叶的鉴定、组织学特征及解剖

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) serve as effective pre-clinical models for investigating most types of human cancers, including prostate ...

Generation of Tumor Organoids from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer

Methods based on homologous recombination to modify genes have significantly furthered biological research. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are a rigorous method for studying mammalian development and disease. Our laboratory has developed several GEMMs of prostate cancer (PCa) that lack expression of one or multiple tumor suppressor genes using the site-specific Cre-loxP recombinase system and a prostate-specific promoter. In this article, we describe our method for necropsy of these PCa GEMMs, primarily focusing on dissection of mouse prostate tumors. New methods developed over the last decade have facilitated the culture of epithelial-derived cells to model organ systems in vitro in three dimensions. We also detail a 3D cell culture method to generate tumor organoids from mouse PCa GEMMs. Pre-clinical cancer research has been dominated by 2D cell culture and cell line-derived or patient-derived xenograft models. These methods lack tumor microenvironment, a limitation of using these techniques in pre-clinical studies. GEMMs are more physiologically-relevant for understanding tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Tumor organoid culture is an in vitro model system that recapitulates tumor architecture and cell lineage characteristics. In addition, 3D cell culture methods allow for growth of normal cells for comparison to tumor cell cultures, rarely possible using 2D cell culture techniques. In combination, use of GEMMs and 3D cell culture in pre-clinical studies has the potential to improve our understanding of cancer biology.&#160;

We show a method for necropsy and dissection of mouse prostate cancer models, focusing on prostate tumor dissection. A step-by-step protocol for generation of mouse prostate tumor organoids is also presented.

从前列腺癌的遗传工程小鼠模型生成肿瘤有机体

Methods based on homologous recombination to modify genes have significantly furthered biological research. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) ...

遗传学

An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but rather the formation of distinct metastasis, the ability to effectively model this progression pre-clinically is of high value. In this model, cells are directly implanted into the ventral lobe of the prostate in Balb/c athymic mice, and allowed to progress for 4-6 weeks. At experiment termination, several distinct endpoints can be measured, such as size and molecular characterization of the primary tumor, the presence and quantification of circulating tumor cells in the blood and bone marrow, and formation of metastasis to the lung. In addition to a variety of endpoints, this model provides a picture of a cells ability to invade and escape the primary organ, enter and survive in the circulatory system, and implant and grow in a secondary site. This model has been used effectively to measure metastatic response to both changes in protein expression as well as to response to small molecule therapeutics, in a short turnaround time.

This orthotopic model of human prostate cancer allows for quantification of tumor size, circulating tumor cells, and formation of distinct metastasis to the lung. As cells must escape the primary organ, enter the blood stream, and implant into a secondary site, this model effectively recapitulates the scenario in humans.

人类前列腺癌转移的原位小鼠模型

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of  human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but  ...

医学

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only one-fourth of these patients achieving transplantation, there is a dire need for alternatives for those with failing organs. In order to decrease the harmful consequences of dialysis along with the overall healthcare costs it incurs, active investigation is ongoing in search of alternative solutions to organ transplantation. Implantable tissue-engineered renal cellular constructs are one such feasible approach to replacing lost renal functionality. Here, described for the first time, is the microdissection of murine kidneys for isolation of living corticomedullary renal segments. These segments are capable of rapid incorporation within scaffold-free endothelial-fibroblast constructs which may enable rapid connection with host vasculature once implanted. Adult mouse kidneys were procured from living donors, followed by stereoscope microdissection to obtain renal segments 200 - 300 &#181;m in diameter. Multiple renal constructs were fabricated using primary renal segments harvested from only one kidney. This method demonstrates a procedure which could salvage functional renal tissue from organs that would otherwise be discarded.

Tissue-engineered renal constructs provide a solution for the organ shortage and deleterious effects of dialysis. Here, we describe a protocol to micro dissect murine kidneys for isolation of cortico-medullary segments. These segments are implanted into scaffold-free cellular constructs, forming renal organoids.

原发性肾组织段的显微解剖与新型无支架结构技术的结合

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only ...

生物工程

Pre-clinical Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer

To study the multifaceted biology of prostate cancer, pre-clinical in vivo models offer a range of options to uncover critical biological information about this disease. The human orthotopic prostate cancer xenograft mouse model provides a useful alternative approach for understanding the specific interactions between genetically and molecularly altered tumor cells, their organ microenvironment, and for evaluation of efficacy of therapeutic regimens. This is a well characterized model designed to study the molecular events of primary tumor development and it recapitulates the early events in the metastatic cascade prior to embolism and entry of tumor cells into the circulation. Thus it allows elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the initial phase of metastatic disease. In addition, this model can annotate drug targets of clinical relevance and is a valuable tool to study prostate cancer progression. In this manuscript we describe a detailed procedure to establish a human orthotopic prostate cancer xenograft mouse model.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. An orthotopic cancer model provides a useful approach to understand the biology of prostate cancer and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic regimens. This protocol describes detailed steps necessary to establish an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model.

人前列腺癌的临床前原位小鼠模型

To study the multifaceted biology of prostate cancer, pre-clinical in vivo models offer a range of options to uncover critical biological information ...

Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production

Sex hormone signaling plays a critical role in multiple organ systems as well as in the progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disease. The manipulation of sex hormone levels in the murine model system allows for the study of their impact on organs/tissues and within disease progression. Orchiectomy - the surgical removal of the testes - and ovariectomy - the surgical removal of the ovaries - provide a method to deplete the endogenous sex hormones so that the precise hormone levels can be provided through drug or other delivery methods. Here, we provide rapid and minimally invasive methods for both orchiectomy and ovariectomy in the murine model system for the reduction of sex hormones. This protocol details the surgical preparation and excision of the testes through the scrotal sac, and excision of the ovaries via two incisions in the right and left lateral dorsum.

This manuscript describes a consistent way to quickly perform survival rodent orchiectomies and ovariectomies.

小鼠睾丸切除术和卵巢切除术减少性激素的产生

Sex hormone signaling plays a critical role in multiple organ systems as well as in the progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative ...

Modeling Prostate Cancer in Genetically-engineered Mouse Models: A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Localized Gene Editing Technique in Mouse Anterior Prostate Lobe Cells

Source: Riedel, M. et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/57525" target="_blank">Virus Delivery of CRISPR Guides to the Murine Prostate for Gene Alteration.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
This video describes a method for editing specific genes in prostate gland cells using an adenovirus-based delivery system. The approach allows for orthotopic and localized alteration of gene expression utilizing CRISPR technology to develop novel mouse models for prostate cancer.

基因工程小鼠模型中的前列腺癌建模:小鼠前前列腺叶细胞中的 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的局部基因编辑技术

Source: Riedel, M. et al. Virus Delivery of CRISPR Guides to the Murine Prostate for Gene Alteration. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
This video describes a method ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Prostate Cancer

Animal model studies

Intra-prostatic Injection of Cancer Cells: A Technique to Deliver Cancer Cells for Establishing Orthotopic Prostate Cancer Mouse Model

Source: Anker, J. F. et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/57301" target="_blank">Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for administering intra-prostatic injection of prostate cancer cells into a mouse model. Orthotopic murine models can be used to study the disease origin and response to treatment therapies in a non-invasive and clinically relevant environment.

癌细胞的前列腺内注射:一种递送癌细胞以建立原位前列腺癌小鼠模型的技术

Source: Anker, J. F. et al. Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate ...