Name: intracarotid cancer cell injection to produce mouse models of brain metastasis
Uploaded: 2017-02-08T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 43 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis at JoVE.com

The authors have no acknowledgements.

伦理学声明:所有的动物研究由得克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心的大学机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）的批准。 1.准备注射癌细胞<ol><li>注射前种子癌细胞一天或两天。使用补充有10％FBS，除非特殊介质在文献表明对于特定的细胞系的DMEM / F12培养基。 </li><li>外科手术当天，收获细胞，当他们到达70 - 通过用无血清培养基一旦第一洗涤80％汇合胰蛋白酶（0.25％）1前 - 2分钟，在37℃。添加到细胞中的含FBS的DMEM / F12培养基的10％以淬灭0.25％胰蛋白酶。 </li><li>离心在80×g下将细胞3分钟。洗在无血清培养基中的细胞两次以除去残留的血清，用血球计数细胞并在Hank氏平衡盐溶液（HBSS）在1重新悬浮- 5×10 6个细胞/ ml，取决于细胞系。保持冰直到注射时间。 注:MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞和K1735黑素瘤细胞在该研究中使用，并在2×10 6个细胞/ ml的浓度被用于这两种细胞系。保持胰蛋白酶消化持续时间尽可能地短的过度治疗可能影响转移测定法的结果。 </li></ol> 2.准备小鼠肿瘤细胞注射<ol><li>麻醉通过腹膜内（IP）小鼠氯胺酮注射/甲苯噻嗪混合物（氯胺酮100毫克/千克，甲苯噻嗪10mg / kg的）。 </li><li>按捏脚动物的确认完全麻醉，观察毫无反应。 </li><li>放置在玻璃板上的鼠标（用于铸造蛋白凝胶），并用橡皮筋固定。 </li><li>如果需要的话，通过刮或施加脱毛产品少量并用纸巾擦拭头发断除去颈部的头发。注意:如果使用裸鼠，跳过这一步，因为他们没有体毛。 </li><li>通过应用清洁颈部皮肤聚维酮碘和70％乙醇。 </li><li>将鼠标放在解剖显微镜的阶段</li><li>使在皮肤约1cm的切口长用外科手术刀。 </li><li>说白了解剖用有齿镊肌肉底下露出颈动脉。 </li><li>分开用外科钳子相邻的迷走神经的颈动脉。 </li><li>采用手术镊子，从棉花球分离一些棉花，滋润，并塑造成一个较小的棉花球。把这个缓冲区滋润棉球注射期望的站点的颈动脉下方。 </li><li>放置缝合线远端和近端的棉球，使松节。收紧近端结阻断血液流进注射部位。 </li><li>继续癌细胞注入如果在棉花球颈动脉出现新鲜的红血全压。 </li></ol> 3.肿瘤细胞注射到颈动脉<ol><li>涡和借鉴100微升Ø˚F癌细胞进入注射器。 </li><li>下的解剖显微镜，慢慢插入31克针（带斜面向上）插入颈动脉坐在棉球的顶端的内腔中。 </li><li>缓缓注入从注射器到颈动脉中的细胞。成功注射可以在显微镜下通过附近的血管和肌肉的变色的观察时缓冲癌细胞推入循环。 </li><li>当整个体积的注射完成后，轻轻提起远端颈内动脉，以防止反流。 </li><li>很快收紧远端结完成注射过程。 </li><li>在完成注入后，拧紧连字和解剖显微镜下把过多的丝线用微型剪刀。移回分离的肌肉覆盖伤口部位。与两主食合皮肤。 </li></ol> 4.手术恢复<ol><li>移动运营动物到一个加热垫进行恢复。这可能需要30 - 60分钟为动物恢复知觉。在此期间， 通过皮下注射作为手术后的镇痛施用丁丙诺啡（0.05毫克/千克）。注:镇痛应根据当地IACUC批准的协议来提供。 </li><li>一旦动物唤醒，恢复正常的行为，返回老鼠他们的住房位置。数天手术后提供凝胶食品的小鼠。保持手术记录，并保持它在房间里。 </li></ol> 5.非侵入性的体内成像<ol><li>为标记有荧光素酶报道构建体的细胞， 使用体内成像系统14测量癌细胞注入效率。 未在注射当天进行成像，以避免过大的应力，以研究动物:注。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

颈动脉注射癌细胞成功的最重要的步骤是:1）小鼠中为外科手术制备的深度麻醉; 2）对棉载体的顶部的颈动脉的稳定放置; 3）成功后注入颈总动脉结扎紧。 中〜30分钟，深麻醉通常是在解剖显微镜下手术稳定性能必要的。我们用鼠标麻醉商用现成使用氯胺酮/甲苯噻嗪鸡尾酒。在生理盐水中在调整用于麻醉的体积提供了更大的灵活性2:以避免潜在的过量，氯胺酮/赛拉嗪鸡尾酒可...

癌症中枢神经系统（CNS）的转移是一种破坏性的疾病，并且可涉及任何脑实质或（"脑转移"指的是既在本文中）的软脑膜。它是主要的颅内恶性肿瘤，由&gt; 10数量上超过初级胶质瘤:1 1，2。肺癌，乳腺癌和黑色素瘤是产生脑转移3,4的高发生率前三位主要肿瘤疾病。近年来，以新颖的癌症疗法跨出去已大幅延长生存期，改善生活质量为众多癌症患者。然而，在复发，脑转移瘤的发病率迅速上升。例如，所述抗HER2抗体曲妥单抗（赫赛汀）展示了在患者的HER2 +乳腺癌显著临床疗效;但令人不安的趋势已经出现在这些患者中:最多那些颅外全身性疾病最初从赫赛汀治疗获益以后开发的脑转移5，6，7的1/3。不幸的是，患者的脑转移是难治几乎所有目前的治疗，通常遇到的生活质量的创伤恶化，以及他们的一年存活率诊断后仅为〜20％8。对于脑转移瘤目前的疗法（包括类固醇，颅放疗，手术切除的患者选择）仅仅是治标不治本，不能治愈9。因此，脑转移正在成为这个时代新的癌症治疗方法的下一个宏伟的挑战。为了解决患者每天面对的诊所未得到满足的挑战，我们迫切需要更好地了解脑转移的基本机制，并利用这些知识来开发新疗法。 <p类="jove_content"&gt;脑转移性癌细胞的成功定居需要一系列的由多个生物球员，如血脑屏障（BBB）的旁通错综复杂的相互作用介导的功能的性能，并从大脑的固有逃脱免疫防御机制10，其中没有在离体 或体外系统概括。因此，适当的和忠实的体内模型对于脑转移瘤的研究是至关重要的。 在体内转移法传统的经尾静脉注射引入癌细胞，导致大部分细胞变成肺提出的。脑转移灶在这些模型中很少产生前的11肺部引起的肿瘤负荷的动物死亡。癌细胞的直接脑内注射产生一致的肿瘤生长在CNS和广泛应用于初级胶质瘤的研究。然而，SUCH注入损害血脑屏障并引起外伤性损伤在注射部位，关注的两个主点作为这种模式的生理相关性。另一种常用癌细胞引进路线，心内注射，易于管理，并确实会产生实验性转移到中枢神经系统。然而，并行转移到除中枢神经系统其它器官部位总是产生，并可能导致动物的死亡11;因此，高度该模型的变异性使得它不适合的生物学机制或用动物的数量有限的治疗剂的定量评估。 这里，我们描述的程序通过注射癌细胞进入颈总动脉，以产生实验脑转移。我们已经用这种方法来单个基因的贡献解剖脑转移的转移级联，并评估治疗干预的有效性第12条 ，13。这种方法的主要优点是高度重现性和低度变性的;的主要缺点是执行显微所需的复杂性和灵巧。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Ketamine hydrochloride/xylazine hydrochloride solution</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>K113</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Routine Stereomicroscope Leica M50</td><td>Leica</td><td>M50</td><td>The microscope is modular and highly configurable to fit particular space requirements.</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical disposable scapel</td><td>Integra Miltex</td><td>4-410</td><td>to make skin incisions</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue Forceps - 1 x 2 Teeth</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11021-12</td><td>to bluntly dissect mucles</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 - Mirror Finish Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11252-23</td><td>to separate and prepare the carotid artery for injection</td></tr><tr><td>Spring Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>15025-10</td><td>to cut sutures</td></tr><tr><td>EZ Clip Kit</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>59020</td><td>for wound cloure</td></tr><tr><td>BD Insulin Syringe</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>328438</td><td>for cell injection</td></tr><tr><td>IVIS Spectrum &lt;em&gt;In Vivo&lt;/em&gt; Imaging System</td><td>PerkinElmer</td><td>124262</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

intracarotid cancer cell injection to produce mouse models of brain metastasis

转移，扩散和恶性细胞的生长在一个患者体内的辅助站点，占癌症相关死亡率的&gt; 90％。近日，在新的治疗跨出去已大幅延长生存期，改善生活质量为众多癌症患者。可悲的是，脑转移复发的发病率正在快速上升，目前所有的疗法只是治标不治本。因此，迫切需要良好的实验动物模型，以促进在深入疾病生物学的研究和评估新的治疗方案临床前评估。然而， 在 经由癌细胞尾静脉注射的体内转移测定法的标准主要是产生肺转移灶;动物脑转移任何有意义的产物，通常前屈从于肺部肿瘤负荷。肿瘤细胞心内注射产生转移灶多器官部位包括大脑;然而，variabi这种模式产生的肿瘤生长lity较大，抑制其效用评价治疗效果。为了产生脑转移瘤的研究可靠和一致的动物模型，在这里我们描述了通过肿瘤细胞的颈动脉注射产生的家鼠（ 小家鼠 ）实验性脑转移的过程。这种方法允许一个产生大量具有相似的生长和死亡特性脑转移瘤轴承小鼠，从而方便研究工作，以学习基本的生物学机制，并评估新的治疗药物。

有在该注射液的质量进行评估的两点。第一次机会是通过注射期间改变血管的颜色操作者的观察。来自贫穷注射泄漏解剖显微镜下很容易观察到。鼠标主体的稳定和安全的放置（ 图1A）和在支撑棉球其颈动脉（ 图1B）是用于顺利成功注射到颈动脉的关键因素。第二点来评价喷射质量是手术后的非侵入性成像。为了这个目的，癌细胞通常标记有荧光...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis at JoVE.com

Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis

脑转移已成为迫切满足医疗需要，因为其发病率有增加，而治疗方法仍然治标不治本。 经由颈动脉动脉注射癌细胞创建脑转移的实验动物模型有利于新型干预方案的疾病生物学和评价的机理研究。

颈动脉肿瘤细胞注射，产生脑转移瘤小鼠模型

Metastasis, the spread and growth of malignant cells at secondary sites within a patient&#39;s body, accounts for &#62; 90% of cancer-related mortality. ...

intracarotid-cancer-cell-injection-to-produce-mouse-models-brain

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

26.4K 次观看.  The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. 脑转移已成为迫切满足医疗需要，因为其发病率有增加，而治疗方法仍然治标不治本。 经由颈动脉动脉注射癌细胞创建脑转移的实验动物模型有利于新型干预方案的疾病生物学和评价的机理研究。 

视频: Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis

Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis

Intra-iliac artery (IIA) injection is an efficient approach to introduce metastatic lesions of various cancer cells in animals. Compared to the widely used intra-cardiac and intra-tibial injections, IIA injection brings several advantages. First, it can deliver a large quantity of cancer cells specifically to hind limb bones, thereby providing spatiotemporally synchronized early-stage colonization events and allowing robust quantification and swift detection of disseminated tumor cells. Second, it injects cancer cells into the circulation without damaging the local tissues, thereby avoiding inflammatory and wound-healing processes that confound the bone colonization process. Third, IIA injection causes very little metastatic growth in non-bone organs, thereby preventing animals from succumbing to other vital metastases, and allowing continuous monitoring of indolent bone lesions. These advantages are especially useful for the inspection of progression from single cancer cells to multi-cell micrometastases, which has largely been elusive in the past. When combined with cutting-edge approaches of biological imaging and bone histology, IIA injection can be applied to various research purposes related to bone metastases.

This manuscript provides the detailed procedure of intra-iliac artery (IIA) injection, a technique to deliver cancer cells specifically to hind limb tissues including bones to establish experimental bone metastases. Although initially established with breast tumor models, this protocol can be easily extended to other cancer types.

内髂动脉注射显微骨转移的效率和选择性建模

Intra-iliac artery (IIA) injection is an efficient approach to introduce metastatic lesions of various cancer cells in animals. Compared to the widely ...

科研

癌症研究

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Metastatic spread of cancer is an unfortunate consequence of disease progression, aggressive cancer subtypes, and/or late diagnosis. Brain metastases are particularly devastating, difficult to treat, and confer a poor prognosis. While the precise incidence of brain metastases in the United States remains hard to estimate, it is likely to increase as extracranial therapies continue to become more efficacious in treating cancer. Thus, it is necessary to identify and develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat metastasis at this site. To this end, intracranial injection of cancer cells has become a well-established method in which to model brain metastasis. Previously, the inability to directly measure tumor growth has been a technical hindrance to this model; however, increasing availability and quality of small animal imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are vastly improving the ability to monitor tumor growth over time and infer changes within the brain during the experimental period. Herein, intracranial injection of murine mammary tumor cells into immunocompetent mice followed by MRI is demonstrated. The presented injection approach utilizes isoflurane anesthesia and a stereotactic setup with a digitally controlled, automated drill and needle injection to enhance precision, and reduce technical error. MRI is measured over time using a 9.4 Tesla instrument in The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center Small Animal Imaging Shared Resource. Tumor volume measurements are demonstrated at each time point through use of ImageJ. Overall, this intracranial injection approach allows for precise injection, day-to-day monitoring, and accurate tumor volume measurements, which combined greatly enhance the utility of this model system to test novel hypotheses on the drivers of brain metastases.

Intracranial brain metastasis modeling is complicated by an inability to monitor tumor size and response to treatment with precise and timely methods. The presented methodology couples intracranial tumor injection with magnetic resonance imaging analysis, which when combined, cultivates precise and consistent injections, enhanced animal monitoring, and accurate tumor volume measurements.

通过颅内注射和磁共振成像对大脑转移进行建模

Metastatic spread of cancer is an unfortunate consequence of disease progression, aggressive cancer subtypes, and/or late diagnosis. Brain metastases are ...

Modeling Brain Metastasis Via Tail-Vein Injection of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells

Metastatic spread to the brain is a common and devastating manifestation of many types of cancer. In the United States alone, about 200,000 patients are diagnosed with brain metastases each year. Significant progress has been made in improving survival outcomes for patients with primary breast cancer and systemic malignancies; however, the dismal prognosis for patients with clinical brain metastases highlights the urgent need to develop novel therapeutic agents and strategies against this deadly disease. The lack of suitable experimental models has been one of the major hurdles impeding advancement of our understanding of brain metastasis biology and treatment. Herein, we describe a xenograft mouse model of brain metastasis generated via tail-vein injection of an endogenously HER2-amplified cell line derived from inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer. Cells were labeled with firefly luciferase and green fluorescence protein to monitor brain metastasis, and quantified metastatic burden by bioluminescence imaging, fluorescent stereomicroscopy, and histologic evaluation. Mice robustly and consistently develop brain metastases, allowing investigation of key mediators in the metastatic process and the development of preclinical testing of new treatment strategies.

We describe a xenograft mouse model of breast cancer brain metastasis generated via tail-vein injection of an endogenously HER2-amplified inflammatory breast cancer cell line.

通过炎症性乳腺癌细胞的尾静脉注射模拟脑转移

Metastatic spread to the brain is a common and devastating manifestation of many types of cancer. In the United States alone, about 200,000 patients are ...

Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI

Breast cancer brain metastasis, occurring in 30% of breast cancer patients at stage IV, is associated with high mortality. The median survival is only 6 months. It is critical to have suitable animal models to mimic the hemodynamic spread of the metastatic cells in the clinical scenario. Here, we are introducing the use of small animal ultrasound imaging to guide an accurate injection of brain tropical breast cancer cells into the left ventricle of athymic nude mice. Longitudinal MRI is used to assessing intracranial initiation and growth of brain metastases. Ultrasound-guided intracardiac injection ensures not only an accurate injection and hereby a higher successful rate but also significantly decreased mortality rate, as compared to our previous manual procedure. In vivo high resolution MRI allows the visualization of hyperintense multifocal lesions, as small as 310 &#181;m in diameter on T2-weighted images at 3 weeks post injection. Follow-up MRI reveals intracranial tumor growth and increased number of metastases that distribute throughout the whole brain.

A breast cancer brain metastasis mouse model is established with ultrasound imaging-guided intracardiac injection of MDA-MB231/Br-GFP cells. Development of multifocal intracranial metastases has been monitored longitudinally using high-resolution 9.4 T MRI.

超声成像引导下腔内注射到患乳腺癌脑转移其次是纵向的MRI的小鼠模型

Breast cancer brain metastasis, occurring in 30% of breast cancer patients at stage IV, is associated with high mortality. The median survival is only 6 ...

医学

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

Brain metastasis is a cause of severe morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Critical aspects of metastatic diseases, such as the complex neural microenvironment and stromal cell interaction, cannot be entirely replicated with in vitro assays; thus, animal models are critical for investigating and understanding the effects of therapeutic intervention. However, most brain tumor xenografting methods do not produce brain metastases consistently in terms of the time frame and tumor burden. Brain metastasis models generated by intracardiac injection of cancer cells can result in unintended extracranial tumor burden and lead to non-brain metastatic morbidity and mortality. Although intracranial injection of cancer cells can limit extracranial tumor formation, it has several caveats, such as the injected cells frequently form a singular tumor mass at the injection site, high leptomeningeal involvement, and damage to brain vasculature during needle penetration. This protocol describes a mouse model of brain metastasis generated by internal carotid artery injection. This method produces intracranial tumors consistently without the involvement of other organs, enabling the evaluation of therapeutic agents for brain metastasis.

Brain metastasis is a cause of severe morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Most brain metastasis mouse models are complicated by systemic metastases confounding analysis of mortality and therapeutic intervention outcomes. Presented here is a protocol for internal carotid injection of cancer cells that produces consistent intracranial tumors with minimal systemic tumors.

通过颈内动脉注射癌细胞模拟脑转移

Brain metastasis is a cause of severe morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Critical aspects of metastatic diseases, such as the complex neural ...

Intracranial Cannula Implantation for Serial Locoregional Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Infusions in Mice

Pediatric CNS tumors are responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths in children and have poor prognoses, despite advancements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As many tumors lack efficacious treatments, there is a crucial need to develop more promising therapeutic options, such as immunotherapies; the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy&#160;directed against CNS tumors is of particular interest. Cell surface targets such as B7-H3, IL13RA2, and the disialoganglioside GD2 are highly expressed on the surface of several pediatric and adult CNS tumors,&#160;raising the opportunity to use CAR T cell therapy against these and other surface targets. To evaluate the repeated locoregional delivery of CAR T cells in preclinical murine models, an indwelling catheter system that recapitulates indwelling catheters currently being used in human clinical trials was established. Unlike stereotactic delivery, the indwelling catheter system allows for repeated dosing without the use of multiple surgeries. This protocol describes the intratumoral placement of a fixed guide cannula that has been used to successfully test serial CAR T cell infusions in orthotopic murine models of pediatric brain tumors. Following orthotopic injection and engraftment of the tumor cells in mice, intratumoral placement of a fixed guide cannula is completed on a stereotactic apparatus and secured with screws and acrylic resin. Treatment cannulas are then inserted through the fixed guide cannula for repeated CAR T cell delivery. Stereotactic placement of the guide cannula can be adjusted to deliver CAR T cells directly into the lateral ventricle or other locations in the brain. This platform offers a reliable mechanism for the preclinical testing of repeated intracranial infusions of CAR T cells and other novel therapeutics for these devastating pediatric tumors.

Intracranial Cannula Implantation for Serial Locoregional Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cell Infusions in Mice

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children, and locoregional immune-based therapies are increasingly being tested for patients in clinical trials. This protocol describes methods for locoregional cannula implantation in mice for the preclinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic infusions targeting CNS tumors.

颅内插管植入小鼠连续局部区域嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞输注

Pediatric CNS tumors are responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths in children and have poor prognoses, despite advancements in chemotherapy ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>小鼠模型中注射后的颈总动脉修复

Facilitating Repeat Intracarotid Injections in Mouse Models by a Novel Injection Site Repair Technique

Given recent advances in the delivery of novel antitumor therapeutics using endovascular selective intraarterial delivery methods in neuro-oncology, there is an urgent need to develop methods for intracarotid injections in mouse models, including methods to repair the carotid artery in mice after injection to allow for subsequent injections. We developed a method of intracarotid injection in a mouse model to deliver therapeutics into the internal carotid artery (ICA) with two alternative procedures. 
During injection, the needle is inserted into the common carotid artery (CCA) after tying a suture around the external carotid artery (ECA) and injected therapeutics are delivered into the ICA. Following injection, the common carotid artery (CCA) can be ligated, which limits the number of intracarotid injections to one. The alternative procedure described in this article includes a modification where intracarotid artery injection is followed by injection site repair of the CCA, which restores blood flow within the CCA and avoids the complication of cerebral ischemia seen in some mouse models. 
We also compared the delivery of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) to intracranial tumors when delivered through intracarotid injection with and without injection site repair following the injection. Delivery of BM-hMSCs does not differ significantly between the methods. Our results demonstrate that injection site repair of the CCA allows for repeat injections through the same artery and does not impair the delivery and distribution of injected material, thus providing a model with greater flexibility that more closely emulates intracarotid injection in humans.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:通过溶瘤病毒和 MicroRNA 的动脉内递送策略推进胶质母细胞瘤治疗

Repair of the intracarotid artery in a mouse model after injection returns blood flow to the artery without negatively impacting the distribution of the injected material. Injection site repair facilitates subsequent injections through the same artery and prevents cerebral ischemia in mouse strains that lack a complete Circle of Willis.

通过一种新颖的注射部位修复技术促进小鼠模型中的重复颈内注射

Given recent advances in the delivery of novel antitumor therapeutics using endovascular selective intraarterial delivery methods in neuro-oncology, there ...

Modeling Brain Tumor Metastasis via Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

<a href='https://app.jove.com/v/23284/modeling-brain-tumor-metastasis-via-internal-carotid-artery-injection'>Source: Lim, M., et al. Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2022)</a>In this video, an anesthetized mouse undergoes a surgical procedure in which cancer cells are injected into the common carotid artery (CCA) to facilitate targeted delivery to the brain. The procedure involves precise suturing and manipulation of the carotid arteries to direct the injected cells toward the internal carotid artery (ICA), promoting tumor formation in the brain over time.

Source: Lim, M., et al. Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2022)In this video, an anesthetized ...

颈动脉肿瘤细胞注射，产生脑转移瘤小鼠模型

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