在本文介绍的工作是从CII-HK /香港理工大学创新基金的资助。进一步支持由深圳孔雀计划（KQTD2015071616442225）和中国政府的"千人"计划（Y62HB31601）提供。此外，从应用生物系化工科技香港理工大学和香港理工大学研究院城市可持续发展（RISUD）的帮助表示赞赏。

HGM的1.预处理<ol><li>放置HGM成的500-mL烧杯中，用200mL无水乙醇;不间断的HGM的低密度性使得其在醇暂停，但由于破碎HGM的密度比醇的较大的，它在溶液中沉淀。 30分钟后，在用于进一步应用的烘箱使用干净的勺子和干燥在80℃下收集悬浮的HGM。 </li></ol> 2. MCHGM的合成<ol><li>放置5克不间断HGM的，47.5毫升乙醇和2.5毫升DI水在三颈烧瓶中。搅拌用马达的混合，在400转/分钟进行20分钟（预混合）。 </li><li>混合15克TBT，1克PFOTES和 30毫升无水酒精在200mL的烧杯中。将混合物倒入一个恒压漏斗。 </li><li>插入恒压漏斗到三颈烧瓶中的孔中的一个。丢弃包含在恒压漏斗将混合物到三颈烧瓶中在的速度每7秒1滴，这是通过调整恒压漏斗的阀来实现。继续3小时进行反应。 </li><li>倾从三颈烧瓶中的混合物到水热反应器。把密封的反应器中合适的钢套筒在180℃的烘箱中6小时。 注:确保反应器具有合适的覆盖。它被覆盖后，把反应器进钢套。套筒应该也可以用盖密封。 </li><li>反应结束后，用大勺子收集悬浮在水热反应器的样品。干燥样品在80℃下4个小时，以获得MCHGM。 </li></ol> 3. F-SCHGM的合成<ol><li>加入5g不间断HGM的，47.5毫升无水乙醇和2.5毫升的DI水到三颈烧瓶中。搅拌用马达的混合，在400转/分钟进行20分钟（预混合）。混合1克PFOTES和 30mL的无水乙醇在200毫升烧杯中。转让PFOTES和绝对ËTHANOL混合物于恒压漏斗。 </li><li>插入恒压漏斗到三颈烧瓶中。丢弃包含在恒压漏斗将混合物到三颈烧瓶中，每7秒1滴的速度。让3小时运行反应。 </li><li>从三颈烧瓶转移混合物至水热反应器。把密封的反应器在180℃的烘箱中6小时。反应结束后，用大勺子收集悬浮在水热反应器的样品。干燥样品在80℃下4小时，以获得F-SCHGM。 </li></ol> 4.钛SCHGM的合成<ol><li>放置5克不间断HGM的，47.5毫升无水乙醇和2.5毫升DI水在三颈烧瓶中。搅拌在400转/分钟进行20分钟（预混合）。混合15克TBT和 30mL的无水乙醇在200毫升烧杯中。转移TBT和无水乙醇的混合物于恒压漏斗。 </li><li>插入恒PRES确保漏斗进入三颈烧瓶中。滴在每7秒1滴的速度在定压漏斗到三颈烧瓶中的混合物。让3小时运行反应。 </li><li>从三颈烧瓶转移混合物至水热反应器。把密封的反应器在180℃的烘箱中6小时。收集在水热反应器的样品后反应结束。干燥样品在80℃下4小时，以获得的Ti-SCHGM。 </li></ol> 5.表征<ol><li>开展对所有样品的XRD表征。收集使用通用性高的，多用途的X射线衍射系统的CuKα辐射（λ= 0.15406纳米）和2θ为10°〜80°的数据。 </li><li>获得的扫描电子显微镜20中 ，用金喷涂样品之后21个图像。在SEM测试，进行EDS是在一个特定的区域。 </li><li>测量接触角 通过使用接触角测角仪22;水滴体积应为10μL。 </li><li>通过改变表面的倾斜角测量滑动角23。最小化的角度，直到一滴水可以直接滑下。 <ol><li>粘在玻璃板上的双面胶带（尺寸:26毫米×76毫米×2毫米）。用勺子，均匀地放置在磁带上的粉末（F-SCHGM或MCHGM）。使用注射器，加入水滴（体积:0.05 mL）添加到该粉末表面上。 </li><li>放玻璃板的接触角测角器的马达平台上。通过以1°/ s的速率倾斜马达平台倾斜玻璃板。停止马达时水滴开始滑动;的倾斜角为滑动角。 </li></ol></li><li>测量使用分光光度计24的反射率光谱。注:波长为从450nm到2550纳米。 </li><li>测量所有样品的热导率用热导仪25。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

在该手稿，在协议的关键步骤是在水热过程。它影响的TiO 2的形成，最终的反射率，和超疏水性。温度控制和反应时间也相当显著。如果反应条件发生变化，最终产品可以是有缺陷的。 此方法提供了一种简单的方法来合成超疏水和高度反射IR的HGM中的一个步骤。在以前的研究中，超疏水性和反射性通过单独的装置28，29，...

中空玻璃微球（HGM）是尺寸范围从10至100微米的无机材料。他们证明了许多有用的特性，如优良的分散性，高流动性，低的密度，和优异的热绝缘性质1，2，3，4。由于它们的中空结构的，HGM具有极低的热导率10，11。由于这些原因，它们在许多领域得到应用，包括航空航天工程5，深海勘探6,7，储氢8， 图9， 等等 。然而，它们仍表现出一些缺点，如低的强度。此外，IR光能够通过HGM以发送和后面加热的主题。为此即，在HGM表面改性是必不可少的减少辐射的热传递。一种有效的方法是涂覆一个IR阻挡材料涂敷到表面HGM。作为半导体，TiO 2的已经在许多领域，如光催化12， 图13，太阳能电池的开发，制造传感器14，环境应用15，并且能量存储16中使用。此外，它也示出了在可见光和红外光带17，18，19低发射率。因此，对我们而言， 二氧化钛是一种谨慎的选择，由于其相对较低的价格和较高的性能。 然而，涂层是很容易的污染物犯规，这严重影响了二氧化钛的反射率。反射率要逐步缩小。因此，SELF-清洁涂层是必不可少的，以防止从结垢涂层并延长这种涂层的工作时间。 在该手稿，使用软化学方法来开发超疏水的TiO 2涂覆的HGM。钛酸四丁酯（TBT）和1H，1H，2H，2H- perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane（PFOTES）被选定为分别将Ti源和超疏水性剂，。他们被水解并沉积在HGM表面上。然后，在水热工艺之后，锐钛矿型的TiO 2形成的HGM表面上，并且所述超疏水性依然存在。为了进行比较，PFOTES单面涂布HGM（F-SCHGM）和TiO 2单面涂布HGM（TI-SCHGM）的合成，以及。合成方案示于图1。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="471">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:207px;">HGM</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">TBT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 5593-70-4</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ethyl Alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 64-17-5</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">PFOTES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 51851-37-7</td>
			<td align="right">98%</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tio2-coated hollow glass microspheres with superhydrophobic and high ir-reflective properties synthesized by a soft-chemistry method

这个手稿提出了一种软的化学方法来开发超疏水和高度反射IR的中空玻璃微球（HGM）。锐钛矿TiO 2和超疏水试剂在一个步骤中被涂覆在HGM表面上。 TBT和PFOTES被选定为分别将Ti源和所述超疏水性剂，。他们都涂覆在HGM，和水热工艺之后，TBT转向锐钛矿TiO 2的。以这种方式，一个PFOTES / TiO 2的涂覆的HGM（MCHGM）中的溶液制备。为了进行比较，PFOTES单面涂布HGM（F-SCHGM）和TiO 2单面涂布HGM（TI-SCHGM）的合成，以及。的PFOTES和TiO 2个的涂料HGM表面上是通过X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散检测器（EDS）表征证实。所述MCHGM表现出较高的接触角（153°），但比F-SCHGM下滑动角度（16°），与141.2的接触角6;和滑动的67°角。此外，两个的Ti-SCHGM和MCHGM显示类似IR反射率值，这是比原来的HGM和F-SCHGM高约5.8％。此外，PFOTES涂层几乎没有变化的热传导率。因此，F-SCHGM，用0.0479 W /（米·K）的热导率，是相当像原来HGM，为0.0475 W /（米·K）。 MCHGM和Ti-SCHGM也相似。其热导率值分别为0.0543 W /（米·K）和0.0543 W /（米·K），分别。将TiO 2涂层稍微增加的热导率，但与反射率的增加，总的热绝缘性能增强。最后，由于IR反射特性由HGM涂层提供，如果该涂层被弄脏时，反射率降低。因此，具有超疏水涂层，所述表面被保护免受污染，并且其寿命也延长。

在步骤4.4测试显示许多功能和样品的特性。的XRD（ 图2）反映的锐钛矿TiO 2的形成。的SEM（ 图3）和EDS（ 图4）显示该TiO 2和PFOTES被涂覆在HGM表面上。的接触角（ 图5）和滑动角（ 图6）的测试表示超疏水性。的可见近红外透射率的测试（ 图8）说明了的TiO 2涂层的反射特性，?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method at JoVE.com

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

二氧化钛<sub&gt; 2</sub与由软化学法合成的超疏水性和高IR反射属性&gt;涂覆的空心玻璃微球

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

tio2-coated-hollow-glass-microspheres-with-superhydrophobic-high-ir

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

10.0K 次观看.  City University of Hong Kong. This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

视频: TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, 1,4-benzene-bis(iminoguanidinium) (BBIG), is demonstrated. The ligand is synthesized as the chloride salt (BBIG-Cl) by in situ imine condensation of terephthalaldehyde with aminoguanidinium chloride in water, followed by crystallization as the sulfate salt (BBIG-SO4). Alternatively, BBIG-Cl is synthesized ex situ in larger scale from ethanol. The sulfate separation ability of the BBIG ligand is demonstrated by selective and quantitative crystallization of sulfate from seawater. The ligand can be recycled by neutralization of BBIG-SO4 with aqueous NaOH and crystallization of the neutral bis-iminoguanidine, which can be converted back into BBIG-Cl with aqueous HCl and reused in another separation cycle. Finally, 35S-labeled sulfate and &#946; liquid scintillation counting are employed for monitoring the sulfate concentration in solution. Overall, this protocol will instruct the user in the necessary skills to synthesize a ligand, employ it in the selective crystallization of sulfate from aqueous solutions, and quantify the separation efficiency.

A protocol for in situ aqueous synthesis of a bis(iminoguanidinium) ligand and its utilization in selective separation of sulfate is presented.

分离硫酸选择性结晶用双 -  iminoguanidinium配体

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, ...

科研

化学

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe aims at lowering the band gap of imogolite, an insulator with the chemical formula (OH)3Al2O3SiOH, and at modifying its adsorption properties towards azo-dyes, an important class of organic pollutants of both wastewater and groundwater.
Fe-doped nanotubes are obtained in two ways: by direct synthesis, where FeCl3 is added to an aqueous mixture of the Si and Al precursors, and by post-synthesis loading, where preformed nanotubes are put in contact with a FeCl3&#8226;6H2O aqueous solution. In both synthesis methods, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ occurs, preserving the nanotube structure. Isomorphic substitution is indeed limited to a mass fraction of ~1.0% Fe, since at a higher Fe content (i.e., a mass fraction of 1.4% Fe), Fe2O3 clusters form, especially when the loading procedure is adopted. The physicochemical properties of the materials are studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms at -196 &#176;C, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, and &#950;-potential measurements. The most relevant result is the possibility to replace Al3+ ions (located on the outer surface of the nanotubes) by post-synthesis loading on preformed imogolite without perturbing the delicate hydrolysis equilibria occurring during nanotube formation. During the loading procedure, an anionic exchange occurs, where Al3+ ions on the outer surface of the nanotubes are replaced by Fe3+ ions. In Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ is found to affect the band gap of doped imogolite. Nonetheless, Fe3+ sites on the outer surface of nanotubes are able to coordinate organic moieties, like the azo-dye Acid Orange 7, through a ligand-displacement mechanism occurring in an aqueous solution.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize and characterize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes. The materials are obtained by either sol-gel synthesis upon addition of FeCl3&#8226;6H2O to the mixture containing the Si and Al precursors or by post-synthesis ionic exchange of preformed aluminosilicate nanotubes.

以增强电子导电性能的合成与表征Fe掺杂碳纳米管硅铝的

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil quality, food flavoring, and human health. The biological activity of glucosinolates is released upon tissue damage, when they are mixed with the enzyme myrosinase. This results in the formation of pungent and toxic breakdown products, such as isothiocyanates and nitriles. Currently, more than 130 structurally different glucosinolates have been identified. The chemical structure of the glucosinolate is an important determinant of the product that is formed, which in turn determines its biological activity. The latter may range from detrimental (e.g., progoitrin) to beneficial (e.g., glucoraphanin). Each glucosinolate-containing plant species has its own specific glucosinolate profile. For this reason, it is important to correctly identify and reliably quantify the different glucosinolates present in brassicaceous leaf, seed, and root crops or, for ecological studies, in their wild relatives. Here, we present a well-validated, targeted, and robust method to analyze glucosinolate profiles in a wide range of plant species and plant organs. Intact glucosinolates are extracted from ground plant materials with a methanol-water mixture at high temperatures to disable myrosinase activity. Thereafter, the resulting extract is brought onto an ion-exchange column for purification. After sulfatase treatment, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted with water and the eluate is freeze-dried. The residue is taken up in an exact volume of water, which is analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) or ultraviolet (UV) detector. Detection and quantification are achieved by conducting comparisons of the retention times and UV spectra of commercial reference standards. The concentrations are calculated based on a sinigrin reference curve and well-established response factors. The advantages and disadvantages of this straightforward method, when compared to faster and more technologically advanced methods, are discussed here.

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC

Here, we describe in great detail an established and robust protocol for the extraction of glucosinolates from ground plant materials. After an on-column sulfatase treatment of the extracts, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

简捷方法对硫甙的提取与分析用高压液相色谱法（HPLC）

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil ...

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and related diseases, but their precise measurement is still a challenge. Many protocols have been described for neurotransmitter measurement by a variety of instruments, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are shortcomings, such as complicated operation or hard-to-detect multiple targets, which cannot be avoided, and presently, the dominant analysis technique is still HPLC coupled with sensitive electrochemical or fluorimetric detection, due to its high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the pretreatment and detection of catecholamines with high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) in real urine samples of infants, using electrospun composite nanofibers composed of polymeric crown ether with polystyrene as adsorbent, also known as the packed-fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) method. We show how urine samples can be easily precleaned by a nanofiber-packed solid phase column, and how the analytes in the sample can be rapidly enriched, desorbed, and detected on an ECD system. PFSPE greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures for biological samples, allowing for decreased time, expense, and reduction of the loss of targets. 
Overall, this work illustrates a simple and convenient protocol for solid-phase extraction coupled to an HPLC-ECD system for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)) and two of their metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) in infants' urine. The established protocol was applied to assess the differences of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites between high-risk infants with perinatal brain damage and healthy controls. Comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary MHPG between the two groups, indicating that the catecholamine metabolites may be an important candidate marker for early diagnosis of cases at risk for brain damage in infants.

We present a convenient solid-phase extraction coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters and two of their metabolites in infants' urine. We also identify the metabolite MHPG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of brain damage for infants.

用高压液相色谱法提取和分析儿茶酚胺神经递质及其代谢物的简便方法

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and ...

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) and fluorocarbon oil (perfluoro-n-octane, PFO) in aqueous surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) solutions. Since fluorocarbon oils are immiscible with hydrocarbon oils, the two oils are separated. Emulsions are prepared by stirring styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution mixtures at 80 &#176;C. The type of emulsions and the morphology of droplets in the emulsions are observed by light microscope and scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. It is found that oil droplets with Janus-type morphologies consisting of mutually immiscible styrene and PFO are formed in aqueous SDS solutions. Polystyrene particles are fabricated by radical polymerization of the ternary mixtures of styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution at 80 &#176;C. The morphologies of the polystyrene are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. These observations show the preparation of hollow polystyrene particles with a single hole on the surface. To our knowledge, this method is a novel strategy using the immiscibility of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. The hollow particles can also be applied to the preparation of microcapsules.

A protocol for the fabrication of hollow polymer particles and microcapsules by radical polymerization using emulsions consisting of styrene, perfluoro-n-octane, and aqueous SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) solution is presented.

由烃类和氟碳油组成的同液滴的自由基聚合制备空心聚苯乙烯颗粒和微胶囊

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

化学沉淀法合成铌2O5改性高比表面积镍催化剂

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to diversify the fiber choices in the United States body armor market, copolymer fibers based on the combination of 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzimidazole (PBIA) and the more conventional PPTA were introduced. Little is known regarding the long-term stability of these fibers, but as condensation polymers, they are expected to have potential sensitivity to moisture and humidity. Therefore, characterizing the strength of the materials and understanding their vulnerability to environmental conditions is important for evaluating their use lifetime in safety applications. Ballistic resistance and other critical structural properties of these fibers are predicated on their strength. To accurately determine the strength of the individual fibers, it is necessary to disentangle them from the yarn without introducing any damage. Three aramid-based copolymer fibers were selected for the study. The fibers were washed with acetone followed by methanol to remove an organic coating that held the individual fibers in each yarn bundle together. This coating makes it difficult to separate single fibers from the yarn bundle for mechanical testing without damaging the fibers and affecting their strength. After washing, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on both washed and unwashed samples and the results were compared. This experiment has shown that there are no significant variations in the spectra of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide-co-p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PBIA-co-PPTA1) and PBIA-co-PPTA3 after washing, and only a small variation in intensity for PBIA. This indicates that the acetone and methanol rinses are not adversely affecting the fibers and causing chemical degradation. Additionally, single fiber tensile testing was performed on the washed fibers to characterize their initial tensile strength and strain to failure, and compare those to other reported values. Iterative procedural development was necessary to find a successful method for performing tensile testing on these fibers.

The primary goal of the study is to develop a protocol to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high strength copolymer aramid fibers, by removing a coating and disentangling the individual fiber strands without introducing significant chemical or physical degradation.

解析高强共聚物芳纶纤维使其力学性能的测定

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to ...

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) with a 4.6 nm pore size, and ordered silica porous matrix, SBA-15, with a 5.3 nm pore size. This work describes the surface properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the differently ordered porous materials with similar pore sizes. For this purpose, OMC and SBA-15 with highly ordered nanoporous structures are synthesized via impregnation of the silica matrix by applying a carbon precursor and by the sol-gel method, respectively. The porous structure of investigated systems is characterized by an N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To determine the electrochemical character of the surface of synthesized materials, potentiometric titration measurements are conducted; the obtained results for OMC shows a significant pHpzc shift toward the higher values of pH, relative to SBA-15. This suggests that investigated OMC has surface properties related to oxygen-based functional groups. To describe the surface properties of the materials, the contact angles of liquids penetrating the studied porous beds are also determined. The capillary rise method has confirmed the increased wettability of the silica walls relative to the carbon walls and an influence of the pore roughness on the fluid/wall interactions, which is much more pronounced for silica than for carbon mesopores. We have also studied the melting behavior of D2O confined in OMC and SBA-15 by applying the dielectric method. The results show that the depression of the melting temperature of D2O in the pores of OMC is about 15 K higher relative to the depression of the melting temperature in SBA-15 pores with a comparable 5 nm size. This is caused by the influence of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions of the studied matrices.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon (with a 4.6 nm pore size) and SBA-15 (with a 5.3 nm pore size). The work describes the surface and textural properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the materials.

合成纳米碳和二氧化硅矩阵的表面性能

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the emerging elegant procedures to obtain specific aromatic products rely on the lignin substrate having a high content of the readily cleavable &#946;-O-4 linkage as present in the native lignin structure. This provides a miss-match with typical technical lignins that are highly degraded and therefore are low in &#946;-O-4 linkages. Therefore, the extraction yields, and the quality of the obtained lignin are of utmost importance to access new lignin valorization pathways. In this manuscript, a simple protocol is presented to obtain lignins with high &#946;-O-4 content by relatively mild ethanol extraction that can be applied to different lignocellulose sources. Furthermore, analysis procedures to determine the quality of the lignins are presented together with a depolymerization protocol that yields specific phenolic 2-arylmethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, which can be used to evaluate the obtained lignins. The presented results demonstrate the link between lignin quality and potential for the lignins to be depolymerized into specific monomeric aromatic chemicals. Overall, the extraction and depolymerization demonstrates a trade-off between the lignin extraction yield and the retention of the native aryl-ether structure and thus the potential of the lignin to be used as the substrate for the production of chemicals for higher-value applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform ethanol extraction of lignin from several biomass sources. The effect of the extraction conditions on the lignin yield and &#946;-O-4 content are presented. Selective depolymerization is performed on the obtained lignins to obtain high aromatic monomer products.

轻度乙醇萃取高β-o-4 的木质素及其对解聚产率的影响

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding disease that lacks effective treatment. We hypothesize that the cytotoxicity of the misfolded rhodopsin mutant can be alleviated by pharmacologically stabilizing the mutant rhodopsin protein. The P23H mutation, among the other Class II rhodopsin mutations, encodes a structurally unstable rhodopsin mutant protein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the wild type rhodopsin is transported to the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. We previously performed a luminescence-based high-throughput screen (HTS) and identified a group of pharmacological chaperones that rescued the transport of the P23H rhodopsin from ER to the plasma membrane. Here, using an immunostaining method followed by a high-content imaging analysis, we quantified the mutant rhodopsin protein amount in the whole cell and on the plasma membrane. This method is informative and effective to identify true hits from false positives following HTS. Additionally, the high-content image analysis enabled us to quantify multiple parameters from a single experiment to evaluate the pharmacological properties of each compound. Using this assay, we analyzed the effect of 11 different compounds towards six RP associated rhodopsin mutants, obtaining a 2-D pharmacological profile for a quantitative and qualitative understanding about the structural stability of these rhodopsin mutants and efficacy of different compounds towards these mutants.

Here, we described a high-content imaging method to quantify the transport of rhodopsin mutants associated with retinitis pigmentosa. A multiple-wavelength scoring analysis was used to quantify rhodopsin protein on the cell surface or in the whole cell.

高含量成像分析研究。

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding ...