在本文介绍的工作是从CII-HK /香港理工大学创新基金的资助。进一步支持由深圳孔雀计划（KQTD2015071616442225）和中国政府的"千人"计划（Y62HB31601）提供。此外，从应用生物系化工科技香港理工大学和香港理工大学研究院城市可持续发展（RISUD）的帮助表示赞赏。

HGM的1.预处理<ol><li>放置HGM成的500-mL烧杯中，用200mL无水乙醇;不间断的HGM的低密度性使得其在醇暂停，但由于破碎HGM的密度比醇的较大的，它在溶液中沉淀。 30分钟后，在用于进一步应用的烘箱使用干净的勺子和干燥在80℃下收集悬浮的HGM。 </li></ol> 2. MCHGM的合成<ol><li>放置5克不间断HGM的，47.5毫升乙醇和2.5毫升DI水在三颈烧瓶中。搅拌用马达的混合，在400转/分钟进行20分钟（预混合）。 </li><li>混合15克TBT，1克PFOTES和 30毫升无水酒精在200mL的烧杯中。将混合物倒入一个恒压漏斗。 </li><li>插入恒压漏斗到三颈烧瓶中的孔中的一个。丢弃包含在恒压漏斗将混合物到三颈烧瓶中在的速度每7秒1滴，这是通过调整恒压漏斗的阀来实现。继续3小时进行反应。 </li><li>倾从三颈烧瓶中的混合物到水热反应器。把密封的反应器中合适的钢套筒在180℃的烘箱中6小时。 注:确保反应器具有合适的覆盖。它被覆盖后，把反应器进钢套。套筒应该也可以用盖密封。 </li><li>反应结束后，用大勺子收集悬浮在水热反应器的样品。干燥样品在80℃下4个小时，以获得MCHGM。 </li></ol> 3. F-SCHGM的合成<ol><li>加入5g不间断HGM的，47.5毫升无水乙醇和2.5毫升的DI水到三颈烧瓶中。搅拌用马达的混合，在400转/分钟进行20分钟（预混合）。混合1克PFOTES和 30mL的无水乙醇在200毫升烧杯中。转让PFOTES和绝对ËTHANOL混合物于恒压漏斗。 </li><li>插入恒压漏斗到三颈烧瓶中。丢弃包含在恒压漏斗将混合物到三颈烧瓶中，每7秒1滴的速度。让3小时运行反应。 </li><li>从三颈烧瓶转移混合物至水热反应器。把密封的反应器在180℃的烘箱中6小时。反应结束后，用大勺子收集悬浮在水热反应器的样品。干燥样品在80℃下4小时，以获得F-SCHGM。 </li></ol> 4.钛SCHGM的合成<ol><li>放置5克不间断HGM的，47.5毫升无水乙醇和2.5毫升DI水在三颈烧瓶中。搅拌在400转/分钟进行20分钟（预混合）。混合15克TBT和 30mL的无水乙醇在200毫升烧杯中。转移TBT和无水乙醇的混合物于恒压漏斗。 </li><li>插入恒PRES确保漏斗进入三颈烧瓶中。滴在每7秒1滴的速度在定压漏斗到三颈烧瓶中的混合物。让3小时运行反应。 </li><li>从三颈烧瓶转移混合物至水热反应器。把密封的反应器在180℃的烘箱中6小时。收集在水热反应器的样品后反应结束。干燥样品在80℃下4小时，以获得的Ti-SCHGM。 </li></ol> 5.表征<ol><li>开展对所有样品的XRD表征。收集使用通用性高的，多用途的X射线衍射系统的CuKα辐射（λ= 0.15406纳米）和2θ为10°〜80°的数据。 </li><li>获得的扫描电子显微镜20中 ，用金喷涂样品之后21个图像。在SEM测试，进行EDS是在一个特定的区域。 </li><li>测量接触角 通过使用接触角测角仪22;水滴体积应为10μL。 </li><li>通过改变表面的倾斜角测量滑动角23。最小化的角度，直到一滴水可以直接滑下。 <ol><li>粘在玻璃板上的双面胶带（尺寸:26毫米×76毫米×2毫米）。用勺子，均匀地放置在磁带上的粉末（F-SCHGM或MCHGM）。使用注射器，加入水滴（体积:0.05 mL）添加到该粉末表面上。 </li><li>放玻璃板的接触角测角器的马达平台上。通过以1°/ s的速率倾斜马达平台倾斜玻璃板。停止马达时水滴开始滑动;的倾斜角为滑动角。 </li></ol></li><li>测量使用分光光度计24的反射率光谱。注:波长为从450nm到2550纳米。 </li><li>测量所有样品的热导率用热导仪25。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

在该手稿，在协议的关键步骤是在水热过程。它影响的TiO 2的形成，最终的反射率，和超疏水性。温度控制和反应时间也相当显著。如果反应条件发生变化，最终产品可以是有缺陷的。 此方法提供了一种简单的方法来合成超疏水和高度反射IR的HGM中的一个步骤。在以前的研究中，超疏水性和反射性通过单独的装置28，29，...

中空玻璃微球（HGM）是尺寸范围从10至100微米的无机材料。他们证明了许多有用的特性，如优良的分散性，高流动性，低的密度，和优异的热绝缘性质1，2，3，4。由于它们的中空结构的，HGM具有极低的热导率10，11。由于这些原因，它们在许多领域得到应用，包括航空航天工程5，深海勘探6,7，储氢8， 图9， 等等 。然而，它们仍表现出一些缺点，如低的强度。此外，IR光能够通过HGM以发送和后面加热的主题。为此即，在HGM表面改性是必不可少的减少辐射的热传递。一种有效的方法是涂覆一个IR阻挡材料涂敷到表面HGM。作为半导体，TiO 2的已经在许多领域，如光催化12， 图13，太阳能电池的开发，制造传感器14，环境应用15，并且能量存储16中使用。此外，它也示出了在可见光和红外光带17，18，19低发射率。因此，对我们而言， 二氧化钛是一种谨慎的选择，由于其相对较低的价格和较高的性能。 然而，涂层是很容易的污染物犯规，这严重影响了二氧化钛的反射率。反射率要逐步缩小。因此，SELF-清洁涂层是必不可少的，以防止从结垢涂层并延长这种涂层的工作时间。 在该手稿，使用软化学方法来开发超疏水的TiO 2涂覆的HGM。钛酸四丁酯（TBT）和1H，1H，2H，2H- perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane（PFOTES）被选定为分别将Ti源和超疏水性剂，。他们被水解并沉积在HGM表面上。然后，在水热工艺之后，锐钛矿型的TiO 2形成的HGM表面上，并且所述超疏水性依然存在。为了进行比较，PFOTES单面涂布HGM（F-SCHGM）和TiO 2单面涂布HGM（TI-SCHGM）的合成，以及。合成方案示于图1。

<table><tbody><tr><td>HGM</td><td>Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>TBT</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS#: 5593-70-4</td><td>Analytical grade</td></tr><tr><td>Ethyl Alcohol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS#: 64-17-5</td><td>Analytical grade</td></tr><tr><td>PFOTES</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>CAS#: 51851-37-7</td><td>98%</td></tr></tbody></table>

tio2-coated hollow glass microspheres with superhydrophobic and high ir-reflective properties synthesized by a soft-chemistry method

这个手稿提出了一种软的化学方法来开发超疏水和高度反射IR的中空玻璃微球（HGM）。锐钛矿TiO 2和超疏水试剂在一个步骤中被涂覆在HGM表面上。 TBT和PFOTES被选定为分别将Ti源和所述超疏水性剂，。他们都涂覆在HGM，和水热工艺之后，TBT转向锐钛矿TiO 2的。以这种方式，一个PFOTES / TiO 2的涂覆的HGM（MCHGM）中的溶液制备。为了进行比较，PFOTES单面涂布HGM（F-SCHGM）和TiO 2单面涂布HGM（TI-SCHGM）的合成，以及。的PFOTES和TiO 2个的涂料HGM表面上是通过X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散检测器（EDS）表征证实。所述MCHGM表现出较高的接触角（153°），但比F-SCHGM下滑动角度（16°），与141.2的接触角6;和滑动的67°角。此外，两个的Ti-SCHGM和MCHGM显示类似IR反射率值，这是比原来的HGM和F-SCHGM高约5.8％。此外，PFOTES涂层几乎没有变化的热传导率。因此，F-SCHGM，用0.0479 W /（米·K）的热导率，是相当像原来HGM，为0.0475 W /（米·K）。 MCHGM和Ti-SCHGM也相似。其热导率值分别为0.0543 W /（米·K）和0.0543 W /（米·K），分别。将TiO 2涂层稍微增加的热导率，但与反射率的增加，总的热绝缘性能增强。最后，由于IR反射特性由HGM涂层提供，如果该涂层被弄脏时，反射率降低。因此，具有超疏水涂层，所述表面被保护免受污染，并且其寿命也延长。

在步骤4.4测试显示许多功能和样品的特性。的XRD（ 图2）反映的锐钛矿TiO 2的形成。的SEM（ 图3）和EDS（ 图4）显示该TiO 2和PFOTES被涂覆在HGM表面上。的接触角（ 图5）和滑动角（ 图6）的测试表示超疏水性。的可见近红外透射率的测试（ 图8）说明了的TiO 2涂层的反射特性，?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method at JoVE.com

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

二氧化钛<sub&gt; 2</sub与由软化学法合成的超疏水性和高IR反射属性&gt;涂覆的空心玻璃微球

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

tio2-coated-hollow-glass-microspheres-with-superhydrophobic-high-ir

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

10.0K 次观看.  City University of Hong Kong. This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

视频: TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Fabrication of Silica Ultra High Quality Factor Microresonators

Whispering gallery resonant cavities confine light in circular orbits at their periphery.1-2 The photon storage lifetime in the cavity, quantified by the quality factor (Q) of the cavity, can be in excess of 500ns for cavities with Q factors above 100 million. As a result of their low material losses, silica microcavities have demonstrated some of the longest photon lifetimes to date1-2. Since a portion of the circulating light extends outside the resonator, these devices can also be used to probe the surroundings. This interaction has enabled numerous experiments in biology, such as single molecule biodetection and antibody-antigen kinetics, as well as discoveries in other fields, such as development of ultra-low-threshold microlasers, characterization of thin films, and cavity quantum electrodynamics studies.3-7
The two primary silica resonant cavity geometries are the microsphere and the microtoroid. Both devices rely on a carbon dioxide laser reflow step to achieve their ultra-high-Q factors (Q&gt;100 million).1-2,8-9 However, there are several notable differences between the two structures. Silica microspheres are free-standing, supported by a single optical fiber, whereas silica microtoroids can be fabricated on a silicon wafer in large arrays using a combination of lithography and etching steps. These differences influence which device is optimal for a given experiment.
Here, we present detailed fabrication protocols for both types of resonant cavities. While the fabrication of microsphere resonant cavities is fairly straightforward, the fabrication of microtoroid resonant cavities requires additional specialized equipment and facilities (cleanroom). Therefore, this additional requirement may also influence which device is selected for a given experiment.
Introduction
An optical resonator efficiently confines light at specific wavelengths, known as the resonant wavelengths of the device. 1-2 The common figure of merit for these optical resonators is the quality factor or Q. This term describes the photon lifetime (&tau;o) within the resonator, which is directly related to the resonator's optical losses. Therefore, an optical resonator with a high Q factor has low optical losses, long photon lifetimes, and very low photon decay rates (1/&tau;o). As a result of the long photon lifetimes, it is possible to build-up extremely large circulating optical field intensities in these devices. This very unique property has allowed these devices to be used as laser sources and integrated biosensors.10
A unique sub-class of resonators is the whispering gallery mode optical microcavity. In these devices, the light is confined in circular orbits at the periphery. Therefore, the field is not completely confined within the device, but evanesces into the environment. Whispering gallery mode optical cavities have demonstrated some of the highest quality factors of any optical resonant cavity to date.9,11 Therefore, these devices are used throughout science and engineering, including in fundamental physics studies and in telecommunications as well as in biodetection experiments. 3-7,12
Optical microcavities can be fabricated from a wide range of materials and in a wide variety of geometries. A few examples include silica and silicon microtoroids, silicon, silicon nitride, and silica microdisks, micropillars, and silica and polymer microrings.13-17 The range in quality factor (Q) varies as dramatically as the geometry. Although both geometry and high Q are important considerations in any field, in many applications, there is far greater leverage in boosting device performance through Q enhancement. Among the numerous options detailed previously, the silica microsphere and the silica microtoroid resonator have achieved some of the highest Q factors to date.1,9 Additionally, as a result of the extremely low optical loss of silica from the visible through the near-IR, both microspheres and microtoroids are able to maintain their Q factors over a wide range of testing wavelengths.18 Finally, because silica is inherently biocompatible, it is routinely used in biodetection experiments.
In addition to high material absorption, there are several other potential loss mechanisms, including surface roughness, radiation loss, and contamination loss.2 Through an optimization of the device size, it is possible to eliminate radiation losses, which arise from poor optical field confinement within the device. Similarly, by storing a device in an appropriately clean environment, contamination of the surface can be minimized. Therefore, in addition to material loss, surface scattering is the primary loss mechanism of concern.2,8
In silica devices, surface scattering is minimized by using a laser reflow technique, which melts the silica through surface tension induced reflow. While spherical optical resonators have been studied for many years, it is only with recent advances in fabrication technologies that researchers been able to fabricate high quality silica optical toroidal microresonators (Q&gt;100 million) on a silicon substrate, thus paving the way for integration with microfluidics.1
The present series of protocols details how to fabricate both silica microsphere and microtoroid resonant cavities. While silica microsphere resonant cavities are well-established, microtoroid resonant cavities were only recently invented.1 As many of the fundamental methods used to fabricate the microsphere are also used in the more complex microtoroid fabrication procedure, by including both in a single protocol it will enable researchers to more easily trouble-shoot their experiments.

We describe the use of a carbon dioxide laser reflow technique to fabricate silica resonant cavities, including free-standing microspheres and on-chip microtoroids. The reflow method removes surface imperfections, allowing long photon lifetimes within both devices. The resulting devices have ultra high quality factors, enabling applications ranging from telecommunications to biodetection.

硅胶超高品质因子微谐振器的制造

Whispering gallery resonant cavities confine light in circular orbits at their periphery.1-2 The photon storage lifetime in the cavity, quantified by the ...

科研

工程学

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Conjoining different semiconductor materials in a single nano-composite provides synthetic means for the development of novel optoelectronic materials offering a superior control over the spatial distribution of charge carriers across material interfaces. As this study demonstrates, a combination of donor-acceptor nanocrystal (NC) domains in a single nanoparticle can lead to the realization of efficient photocatalytic1-5 materials, while a layered assembly of donor- and acceptor-like nanocrystals films gives rise to photovoltaic materials.
Initially the paper focuses on the synthesis of composite inorganic nanocrystals, comprising linearly stacked ZnSe, CdS, and Pt domains, which jointly promote photoinduced charge separation. These structures are used in aqueous solutions for the photocatalysis of water under solar radiation, resulting in the production of H2 gas. To enhance the photoinduced separation of charges, a nanorod morphology with a linear gradient originating from an intrinsic electric field is used5. The inter-domain energetics are then optimized to drive photogenerated electrons toward the Pt catalytic site while expelling the holes to the surface of ZnSe domains for sacrificial regeneration (via methanol). Here we show that the only efficient way to produce hydrogen is to use electron-donating ligands to passivate the surface states by tuning the energy level alignment at the semiconductor-ligand interface. Stable and efficient reduction of water is allowed by these ligands due to the fact that they fill vacancies in the valence band of the semiconductor domain, preventing energetic holes from degrading it. Specifically, we show that the energy of the hole is transferred to the ligand moiety, leaving the semiconductor domain functional. This enables us to return the entire nanocrystal-ligand system to a functional state, when the ligands are degraded, by simply adding fresh ligands to the system4.
To promote a photovoltaic charge separation, we use a composite two-layer solid of PbS and TiO2 films. In this configuration, photoinduced electrons are injected into TiO2 and are subsequently picked up by an FTO electrode, while holes are channeled to a Au electrode via PbS layer6. To develop the latter we introduce a Semiconductor Matrix Encapsulated Nanocrystal Arrays (SMENA) strategy, which allows bonding PbS NCs into the surrounding matrix of CdS semiconductor. As a result, fabricated solids exhibit excellent thermal stability, attributed to the heteroepitaxial structure of nanocrystal-matrix interfaces, and show compelling light-harvesting performance in prototype solar cells7.

A general strategy for the development of charge-separating semiconductor nanocrystal composites deployable for solar energy production is presented. We show that assembly of donor-acceptor nanocrystal domains in a single nanoparticle geometry gives rise to a photocatalytic function, while bulk-heterojunctions of donor-acceptor nanocrystal films can be used for photovoltaic energy conversion.

通过电荷分离纳米晶及其固体收获太阳能

Conjoining different semiconductor materials in a single nano-composite provides synthetic means for the development of novel optoelectronic materials ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical properties for applications in photonics, drug delivery and coating technology. Here we present a new family of colloidal building blocks, coined supramolecular colloids, whose self-assembly is controlled through surface-functionalization with a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derived supramolecular moiety. Such BTAs interact via directional, strong, yet reversible hydrogen-bonds with other identical BTAs. Herein, a protocol is presented that describes how to couple these BTAs to colloids and how to quantify the number of coupling sites, which determines the multivalency of the supramolecular colloids. Light scattering measurements show that the refractive index of the colloids is almost matched with that of the solvent, which strongly reduces the van der Waals forces between the colloids. Before photo-activation, the colloids remain well dispersed, as the BTAs are equipped with a photo-labile group that blocks the formation of hydrogen-bonds. Controlled deprotection with UV-light activates the short-range hydrogen-bonds between the BTAs, which triggers the colloidal self-assembly. The evolution from the dispersed state to the clustered state is monitored by confocal microscopy. These results are further quantified by image analysis with simple routines using ImageJ and Matlab. This merger of supramolecular chemistry and colloidal science offers a direct route towards light- and thermo-responsive colloidal assembly encoded in the surface-grafted monolayer.

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of colloids coated with supramolecular moieties is described. These supramolecular colloids undergo self-assembly upon the activation of the hydrogen-bonds between the surface-anchored molecules by UV-light.

超分子胶体的合成与表征

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical ...

化学

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

This paper describes three methods of preparing fluorescent microspheres comprising &#960;-conjugated or non-conjugated polymers: vapor diffusion, interface precipitation, and mini-emulsion. In all methods, well-defined, micrometer-sized spheres are obtained from a self-assembling process in solution. The vapor diffusion method can result in spheres with the highest sphericity and surface smoothness, yet the types of the polymers able to form these spheres are limited. On the other hand, in the mini-emulsion method, microspheres can be made from various types of polymers, even from highly crystalline polymers with coplanar, &#960;-conjugated backbones. The photoluminescent (PL) properties from single isolated microspheres are unusual: the PL is confined inside the spheres, propagates at the circumference of the spheres via the total internal reflection at the polymer/air interface, and self-interferes to show sharp and periodic resonant PL lines. These resonating modes are so-called "whispering gallery modes" (WGMs). This work demonstrates how to measure WGM PL from single isolated spheres using the micro-photoluminescence (&#181;-PL) technique. In this technique, a focused laser beam irradiates a single microsphere, and the luminescence is detected by a spectrometer. A micromanipulation technique is then used to connect the microspheres one by one and to demonstrate the intersphere PL propagation and color conversion from coupled microspheres upon excitation at the perimeter of one sphere and detection of PL from the other microsphere. These techniques, &#181;-PL and micromanipulation, are useful for experiments on micro-optic application using polymer materials.

Protocols for the synthesis of microspheres from polymers, the manipulation of microspheres, and micro-photoluminescence measurements are presented.

用于光学谐振器和激光应用的聚合物微球的制造

This paper describes three methods of preparing fluorescent microspheres comprising &#960;-conjugated or non-conjugated polymers: vapor diffusion, ...

Synthesizing Sodium Tungstate and Sodium Molybdate Microcapsules via Bacterial Mineral Excretion

We present a method, the bacterial mineral excretion (BME), for synthesizing two kinds of microcapsules, sodium tungstate and sodium molybdate, and the two metal oxides&#39; corresponding nanoparticles&#8212;the former being as small as 22 nm and the latter 15 nm. We fed two strains of bacteria, Shewanella algae and Pandoraea sp., with various concentrations of tungstate or molybdate ions. The concentrations of tungstate and molybdate were adjusted to make microcapsules of different length-to-diameter ratios. We found that the higher the concentration the smaller the nanoparticles were. The nanoparticles came in with three length-to-diameter ratios: 10:1, 3:1 and 1:1, which were achieved by feeding the bacteria respectively with a low concentration, a medium concentration, and a high concentration. The images of the hollow microcapsules were taken via the scanning electron microsphere (SEM). Their crystal structures were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD)&#8212;the crystal structure of molybdate microcapsules is Na2MoO4 and that of tungstate microcapsules is Na2WO4 with Na2W2O7. These syntheses all were accomplished under a near ambient condition.

This work presents a protocol for manufacture sodium tungstate and sodium molybdate microcapsules via bacteria and their corresponding nanoparticles.

通过细菌矿物排泄合成钨酸钠和钼酸钠微胶囊

We present a method, the bacterial mineral excretion (BME), for synthesizing two kinds of microcapsules, sodium tungstate and sodium molybdate, and the ...

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in industry. The wettability of the produced surface was analyzed by bouncing drop experiments and the topography was analyzed by confocal microscopy. In addition, we show various methodologies to measure its durability and anti-icing properties. Superhydrophobic surfaces hold a special texture that must be preserved to keep their water-repellency. To fabricate durable surfaces, we followed two strategies to incorporate a resistant texture. The first strategy is a direct incorporation of roughness to the metal substrate by acid etching. After this surface texturization, the surface energy was decreased by silanization or fluoropolymer deposition. The second strategy is the growth of a ceria layer (after surface texturization) that should enhance the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. The surface energy was decreased with a stearic acid film.
The durability of the superhydrophobic surfaces was examined by a particle impact test, mechanical wear by lateral abrasion, and UV-ozone resistance. The anti-icing properties were explored by studying the ability to repeal subcooled water, freezing delay, and ice adhesion.

We illustrate several methodologies to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces and to explore their durability and anti-icing properties.

防结冰用超疏水性金属表面的制备

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in ...

Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis

Organic contaminants adsorbed on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) can be decomposed by photocatalysis under ultraviolet (UV) light. Here we describe a novel protocol employing the TiO2 photocatalysis to locally alter cell affinity of the substrate surface. For this experiment, a thin TiO2 film was sputter-coated on a glass coverslip, and the TiO2 surface was subsequently modified with an organosilane monolayer derived from octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), which inhibits cell adhesion. The sample was immersed in a cell culture medium, and focused UV light was irradiated to an octagonal region. When a neuronal cell line PC12 cells were plated on the sample, cells adhered only on the UV-irradiated area. We further show that this surface modification can also be performed in situ, i.e., even when cells are growing on the substrate. Proper modification of the surface required an extracellular matrix protein collagen to be present in the medium at the time of UV irradiation. The technique presented here can potentially be employed in patterning multiple cell types for constructing coculture systems or to arbitrarily manipulate cells under culture.

Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis

We describe a protocol for modifying cell affinity of a scaffold surface in aqueous environment. The method takes advantage of titanium dioxide photocatalysis to decompose organic film in the photo-irradiated region. We show that it can be used to create microdomains of scaffolding proteins, both ex situ and in situ.

光图案蛋白质和细胞中的水环境中使用二氧化钛<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;光催化

Organic contaminants adsorbed on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) can be decomposed by photocatalysis under ultraviolet (UV) light. Here we describe ...

生物工程

A Facile Synthetic Method to Obtain Bismuth Oxyiodide Microspheres Highly Functional for the Photocatalytic Processes of Water Depuration

Bismuth oxyhalide (BiOI) is a promising material for sunlight-driven-environmental photocatalysis. Given that the physical structure of this kind of materials is highly related to its photocatalytic performance, it is necessary to standardize the synthetic methods in order to obtain the most functional architectures and, thus, the highest photocatalytic efficiency. Here, we report a reliable route to obtain BiOI microspheres via the solvothermal process, using Bi(NO3)3 and potassium iodide (KI) as precursors, and ethylene glycol as a template. The synthesis is standardized in a 150 mL autoclave, at 126 &#176;C for 18 h. This results in 2-3 &#181;m-sized mesoporous microspheres, with a relevant specific surface area (61.3 m2/g). Shortening the reaction times in the synthesis results in amorphous structures, while higher temperatures lead to a slight increase in the porosity of the microspheres, with no effect in the photocatalytic performance. The materials are photo-active under UV-A/visible light irradiation for the degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in water. This method has demonstrated to be effective in interlaboratory tests, obtaining similar BiOI microspheres in Mexican and Chilean research groups.

This article describes a synthetic method to obtain bismuth oxyiodide microspheres, which are highly functional to perform the photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants, such as ciprofloxacin, in water under UV-A/visible light irradiation.

一种用于水降解光催化过程的高效双氧化二碘微球合成方法

Bismuth oxyhalide (BiOI) is a promising material for sunlight-driven-environmental photocatalysis. Given that the physical structure of this kind of ...

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

We present microfabrication protocols for rendering intrinsically wetting materials repellent to liquids (omniphobic) by creating gas-entrapping microtextures (GEMs) on them comprising cavities and pillars with reentrant and doubly reentrant features. Specifically, we use SiO2/Si as the model system and share protocols for two-dimensional (2D) designing, photolithography, isotropic/anisotropic etching techniques, thermal oxide growth, piranha cleaning, and storage towards achieving those microtextures. Even though the conventional wisdom indicates that roughening intrinsically wetting surfaces (&#952;o &#60; 90&#176;) renders them even more wetting (&#952;r &#60; &#952;o &#60; 90&#176;), GEMs demonstrate liquid repellence despite the intrinsic wettability of the substrate. For instance, despite the intrinsic wettability of silica &#952;o &#8776; 40&#176; for the water/air system, and &#952;o &#8776; 20&#176; for the hexadecane/air system, GEMs comprising cavities entrap air robustly on immersion in those liquids, and the apparent contact angles for the droplets are &#952;r &#62; 90&#176;. The reentrant and doubly reentrant features in the GEMs stabilize the intruding liquid meniscus thereby trapping the liquid-solid-vapor system in metastable air-filled states (Cassie states) and delaying wetting transitions to the thermodynamically-stable fully-filled state (Wenzel state) by, for instance, hours to months. Similarly, SiO2/Si surfaces with arrays of reentrant and doubly reentrant micropillars demonstrate extremely high contact angles (&#952;r &#8776; 150&#176;&#8211;160&#176;) and low contact angle hysteresis for the probe liquids, thus characterized as superomniphobic. However, on immersion in the same liquids, those surfaces dramatically lose their superomniphobicity and get fully-filled within &#60;1 s. To address this challenge, we present protocols for hybrid designs that comprise arrays of doubly reentrant pillars surrounded by walls with doubly reentrant profiles. Indeed, hybrid microtextures entrap air on immersion in the probe liquids. To summarize, the protocols described here should enable the investigation of GEMs in the context of achieving omniphobicity without chemical coatings, such as perfluorocarbons, which might unlock the scope of inexpensive common materials for applications as omniphobic materials. Silica microtextures could also serve as templates for soft materials.

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

This work presents microfabrication protocols for achieving cavities and pillars with reentrant and doubly reentrant profiles on SiO2/Si wafers using photolithography and dry etching. Resulting microtextured surfaces demonstrate remarkable liquid repellence, characterized by robust long-term entrapment of air under wetting liquids, despite the intrinsic wettability of silica.

通过雕刻包含可重入和双重入的腔或柱的气体镶入微纹理来渲染 SiO2/Si 曲面全功能性

We present microfabrication protocols for rendering intrinsically wetting materials repellent to liquids (omniphobic) by creating gas-entrapping ...

Microhoneycomb Monoliths Prepared by the Unidirectional Freeze-drying of Cellulose Nanofiber Based Sols: Method and Extensions

Monolithic honeycomb structures have been attractive to multidisciplinary fields due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Particularly, microhoneycomb monoliths (MHMs) with micrometer-scale channels are expected as efficient platforms for reactions and separations because of their large surface areas. Up to now, MHMs have been prepared by a unidirectional freeze-drying (UDF) method only from very limited precursors. Herein, we report a protocol from which a series of MHMs consisting of different components can be obtained. Recently, we found that cellulose nanofibers function as a distinct structure-directing agent towards the formation of MHMs through the UDF process. By mixing the cellulose nanofibers with water soluble substances which do not yield MHMs, a variety of composite MHMs can be prepared. This significantly enriches the chemical constitution of MHMs towards versatile applications.

Here, we present a general protocol to prepare a variety of microhoneycomb monoliths (MHMs) in which fluid can pass through with an extremely low pressure drop. MHMs obtained are expected to be used as filters, catalyst supports, flow-type electrodes, sensors and scaffolds for biomaterials.

纤维素碳纤维溶胶单向冷冻干燥制备 Microhoneycomb 石柱: 方法和外延

Monolithic honeycomb structures have been attractive to multidisciplinary fields due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Particularly, microhoneycomb ...

二氧化钛

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