这项工作得到了中国自然科学基金（31171355）和广东省自然科学基金资助（S2011010003403，2014A030313440）的支持。

动物护理，外科手术和记录程序符合华南师范大学动物护理与使用委员会的指引。 电极制备（图1A-C） 注意:计算机引脚位置只是通信设备中作为信号接口的一部分的插脚式接点。它由插入母连接器的公连接器组成。 <ol><li>借助于钳子，将公针和母针与计算机引脚位置（ 图1A ）分开。将公母针连接在一起形成电极并施加氰基丙烯酸酯以产生强的粘结（ 图1C ）。 </li><li>将电极放入装有蒸馏水的烧杯中，并将其放入超声波清洗机中10分钟。将它们移动到45℃的烘箱中30分钟。使用UV光灭菌电极30分钟。 </li></ol>外科手术（图1D-F） <ol><li>准备消毒的外科器械和立体定位仪。使用异氟醚麻醉（2.5％）与空气麻醉新生大鼠。当幼仔深度麻醉时，将异氟烷的剂量调整至1.0％。在手术前进行尾部或脚趾捏，以确保适当的麻醉深度。 </li><li>通过将耳棒放入耳道并稍微拧紧，将小狗的头部固定在立体定位装置中。 注意:不要过度收紧耳塞，因为新生儿头骨很软。 </li><li>通过喷洒70％乙醇的所有设备来维持无菌手术领域。使用手术刀在头部做一个15毫米的切口。使用镊子，轻轻地将头皮远离四角的中线。将一些盐水浸泡在皮肤下方，以保持切口大开（ 图1D ）。 </li><li>找到头骨上的阳光和喇叭点并用铅笔标记。使用注射器针头（26 G）在前额叶皮质（PFC）和海马中制造两个毛刺孔。 注意:PFC位于前囟后+1.8毫米，中线为-0.5毫米，而海马位于前囟前方-2.0毫米，中线横向为±0.5毫米（ 图1D和E ）。电极的深度不应大于皮质表面以下2毫米，以减少脑损伤。 </li><li>使用镊子保持电极并将参考和记录电极分别插入PFC和海马。在电极周围涂抹红霉素软膏，以避免任何可能的感染。使用氰基丙烯酸酯固定电极。 </li><li>准备牙科丙烯酸水泥，使其具有胶粘和粘稠的稠度。应用牙科水泥覆盖电极和头骨的其余部分。 注意:在应用牙科水泥之前彻底干燥颅骨。 </li&gt; <li>在电极上涂抹5％苦味酸以保护它们。 注意:整个程序应在生物安全罩中进行，以保持无菌条件。 </li><li>从立体定位框架中取出动物，并皮下注射300μL的10％葡萄糖。将其放在加热的毯子上以进行恢复。确保动物温暖（37°C）和动态（ 即完全恢复）。腹膜内给予丁丙诺啡（0.05 mg / kg）用于手术后疼痛。 注意:在重新获得足够的意识（即正常行为和运动）之前，不要将动物无人值守。 </li><li>在恢复意识之后，将小狗带回他们的水坝。等待两天，直到动物完全康复。 </li></ol> 3.脑电录音<ol><li>完全恢复后，将植入颅骨上的电极连接到放大器的笼中。将放大器连接到模拟数字c转换器并将转换器连接到计算机;应仔细对待连接线，以免缠结。 </li><li>在数据采集单元上选择至少10,000 Hz采样率进行记录（发送器的带宽为1-100 Hz）。确保数据正确采样。 </li><li>在进行基线记录后，用红藻氨酸（KA）（2mg / kg）腹膜内注射小鼠以诱导癫痫发作。注射后15分钟观察并记录癫痫放电。通过KA产生的缉获物通常是物理的。 注意:发炎持续时间约为15.2±0.9秒，发作持续时间约为62±5秒。通过IP注射水合氯醛（400 mg / kg）可以预防新生大鼠的癫痫发作。 </li><li>保存数字化数据并使用信号处理软件包（如spike2）进行分析。通过perf显示新生儿EEG信号中不同频率成分的功率水平功率谱分析。通过找到1到100 Hz（EEG频带） 9的均方根幅度，计算1分钟时间内的功率。 </li></ol>

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	<li>Pereda, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+synapses+and+their+functional+interactions+with+chemical+synapses.">Electrical synapses and their functional interactions with chemical synapses.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 15 (4), 250-263 (2014).</li><li>Chorev, E., Epsztein, J., Houweling, A. R., Lee, A. K., Brecht, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophysiological+recordings+from+behaving+animals--going+beyond+spikes.">Electrophysiological recordings from behaving animals--going beyond spikes.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 19 (5), 513-519 (2009).</li><li>Freeborn, D. L., McDaniel, K. L., Moser, V. C., Herr, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+electroencephalography+(EEG)+to+assess+CNS+changes+produced+by+pesticides+with+different+modes+of+action:+effects+of+permethrin,+deltamethrin,+fipronil,+imidacloprid,+carbaryl,+and+triadimefon.">Use of electroencephalography (EEG) to assess CNS changes produced by pesticides with different modes of action: effects of permethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid, carbaryl, and triadimefon.</a> Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 282 (2), 184-194 (2015).</li><li>Werhahn, K. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophysiological+biomarkers+of+epilepsy.">Electrophysiological biomarkers of epilepsy.</a> Neurotherapeutics. 11 (2), 334-346 (2014).</li><li>Nimmrich, V., Draguhn, A., Axmacher, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+Network+Oscillations+in+Neurodegenerative+Diseases.">Neuronal Network Oscillations in Neurodegenerative Diseases.</a> Neuromolecular Med. 17 (3), 270-284 (2015).</li><li>Zayachkivsky, A., Lehmkuhle, M. J., Dudek, F. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+Continuous+EEG+Monitoring+in+Small+Rodent+Models+of+Human+Disease+Using+the+Epoch+Wireless+Transmitter+System.">Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System.</a> J Vis Exp. (101), e52554 (2015).</li><li>Zayachkivsky, A., Lehmkuhle, M. J., Fisher, J. H., Ekstrand, J. J., Dudek, F. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recording+EEG+in+immature+rats+with+a+novel+miniature+telemetry+system.">Recording EEG in immature rats with a novel miniature telemetry system.</a> J Neurophysiol. 109 (3), 900-911 (2013).</li><li>Dzhala, V. 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作者宣称没有利益冲突。

在这里，我们报告手术和记录程序，通过有线方法自由移动新生大鼠幼仔获得脑电图（ 图3 ）。已经表明P7-P12大鼠的发育年龄对应于全新的人类新生儿10,11 。在这个年龄组的大鼠幼仔工作时，在技术上难以获得高质量的脑电记录数据。此外，它需要专门的处理和很好的保养8 。 以前在新生大鼠体内检测体内 EEG记录的研究...

已经确定，需要神经元之间的连续通信来获得正常的脑功能。神经元间通讯主要发生在突触处，其中一个神经元的信息被传送到第二个神经元。这种突触传播由两种类型的专用结构布置介导:电或化学突触1 。电生理学是捕获在神经间通讯期间产生的控制整个身体功能和行为的电位的领域。脑电是许多电生理技术中最常用的方法。 脑电图是用于检测由内部或外部刺激产生的电信号变化的技术。此外，它是临床诊断和各种神经疾病如癫痫，帕金森病和阿尔茨海默氏症患者预后的重要测试e，以及药理和毒理剂的作用3 。一般来说，癫痫患者在脑内表现出过度兴奋性和功能性连接受损;这些被概括为间质性癫痫样放电（IEDs），可以用尖锐的瞬时尖峰的形式记录脑电图。尖锐的波浪尖波复合物或多峰4 。癫痫大脑的主要特征是癫痫发作的自发性发作，可以从头皮或脑实质记录，以定位癫痫发作的脑区5 。此外，EEG对神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）也具有非常重要的意义。研究表明，AD患者的EEG记录和受损振荡网络的改变是常见的。然而，我们对神经退行性疾病网络振荡的病理生理学知识令人惊讶的是不完整，需要进一步探索6 。 在这个协议中，我们设计了一个简单的电极，可以记录EEG以了解正常和病理大脑的电气通信。这种方法的手术植入比其他可用的手术便宜7 。此外，该方法可用于记录更长时间内的高质量和稳定的EEG信号（ 即每天2-4小时1周）。此外，我们使用更轻的电极（重约26毫克），使动物的行为更自然8 。该方法广泛适用于需要放大器和数字化仪的新生大鼠幼仔的脑电图研究，通常用于电生理实验室，不需要任何额外的装置。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Computer pin</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pincer</td><td>DELI Group Co., Ltd.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>502 super glue</td><td>DELI Group Co., Ltd.</td><td>7144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Drying oven</td><td>Boxun</td><td>GZX-9140MBE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isofluorane</td><td>RWD Life Science</td><td>902-0000-522</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stereotaxic apparatus</td><td>RWD Life Science</td><td>900-0068-507</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia apparatus</td><td>RWD Life Science</td><td>902-0000-510</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Homeothermic Heating Device</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>K 024509</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amplifier Model 3000&amp;nbsp;</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>61558</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro1401 Analog Digital converter</td><td>Cambridge Electronic Design Ltd.</td><td>4383</td><td>Data acquisition unit</td></tr><tr><td>Spike2</td><td>Cambridge Electronic Design Ltd.</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

recording eeg in freely moving neonatal rats using a novel method

脑电图是检测大脑电活动的有用方法。此外，它是广泛使用的各种神经病症的诊断工具，如癫痫和神经退行性疾病。然而，在技术上难以在新生儿获得脑电记录，因为它需要专门的处理和很好的照顾。在这里，我们提出了一种在新生大鼠幼仔（P8-P15）中记录脑电图的新方法。我们设计了一个使用计算机针座的简单可靠的电极;它可以很容易地植入大鼠的颅骨，以在正常和癫痫大脑中记录高质量的脑电信号。给予小鼠腹膜内（ip）注射神经毒素红藻氨酸（KA）以诱导癫痫发作。在这个程序中进行的手术植入比其他新生儿的EEG手术便宜。该方法允许一个记录高质量和稳定的EEG信号超过1周。此外，该程序也可以应用于成人rats和小鼠研究癫痫或其他神经系统疾病。

<html>如果上述外科手术正确进行，则可以成功地进行一次大鼠新生儿小脑脑电图记录。 KA注射后10分钟，出现不规则运动和搔抓，震颤和失去平衡的形式的行为体征。图2显示了代表性的原始脑电图痕迹和间质，炎症反应和发作性扩张痕迹。复发性间歇和发作性EEG放电模式在KA注射后开始15-60分钟（30±5.2分钟;平均值±SEM）（ 图2A和2B ）。 图2D</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recording EEG in Freely Moving Neonatal Rats Using a Novel Method at JoVE.com

Recording EEG in Freely Moving Neonatal Rats Using a Novel Method

在这里，我们介绍一种设计用于记录脑电图（EEG）在自由移动的新生儿癫痫幼仔中的新技术，并描述其程序，特征和应用。这种方法允许一个记录EEG超过1周。

使用新颖的方法在自由移动的新生大鼠中记录脑电图

EEG is a useful method to detect electrical activity in the brain. Moreover, it is a widely used diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions, such ...

recording-eeg-in-freely-moving-neonatal-rats-using-a-novel-method

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

13.1K 次观看.  South China Normal University. 在这里，我们介绍一种设计用于记录脑电图（EEG）在自由移动的新生儿癫痫幼仔中的新技术，并描述其程序，特征和应用。这种方法允许一个记录EEG超过1周。 

视频: Recording EEG in Freely Moving Neonatal Rats Using a Novel Method

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Since its introduction in early 1950s, electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for assessment and monitoring of brain function in preterm and term babies. Most common indications are the diagnosis of epileptic seizures, assessment of brain maturity, and recovery from hypoxic-ischemic events. EEG recording techniques and the understanding of neonatal EEG signals have dramatically improved, but these advances have been slow to penetrate through the clinical traditions. The aim of this presentation is to bring theory and practice of advanced EEG recording available for neonatal units. 
In the theoretical part, we will present animations to illustrate how a preterm brain gives rise to spontaneous and evoked EEG activities, both of which are unique to this developmental phase, as well as crucial for a proper brain maturation. Recent animal work has shown that the structural brain development is clearly reflected in early EEG activity. Most important structures in this regard are the growing long range connections and the transient cortical structure, subplate. Sensory stimuli in a preterm baby will generate responses that are seen at a single trial level, and they have underpinnings in the subplate-cortex interaction. This brings neonatal EEG readily into a multimodal study, where EEG is not only recording cortical function, but it also tests subplate function via different sensory modalities. Finally, introduction of clinically suitable dense array EEG caps, as well as amplifiers capable of recording low frequencies, have disclosed multitude of brain activities that have as yet been overlooked.
In the practical part of this video, we show how a multimodal, dense array EEG study is performed in neonatal intensive care unit from a preterm baby in the incubator. The video demonstrates preparation of the baby and incubator, application of the EEG cap, and performance of the sensory stimulations.

This video explains the background theory of the neonatal EEG activity and the sensory responses, followed by a live demonstration of their recording in neonatal intensive care unit.

早产儿的脑电图：多式联运神经生理学议定书

Since its introduction in early 1950s, electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) for assessment and ...

科研

神经科学

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Many progressive neurologic diseases in humans, such as epilepsy, require pre-clinical animal models that slowly develop the disease in order to test interventions at various stages of the disease process. These animal models are particularly difficult to implement in immature rodents, a classic model organism for laboratory study of these disorders. Recording continuous EEG in young animal models of seizures and other neurological disorders presents a technical challenge due to the small physical size of young rodents and their dependence on the dam prior to weaning. Therefore, there is not only a clear need for improving pre-clinical research that will better identify those therapies suitable for translation to the clinic but also a need for new devices capable of recording continuous EEG in immature rodents. Here, we describe the technology behind and demonstrate the use of a novel miniature telemetry system, specifically engineered for use in immature rats or mice, which is also effective for use in adult animals.

Here we demonstrate the use of a wireless enabling technology for electroencephalogram (EEG) in neonatal rodent models of human disease. With telemetry, there are no encumbering connections, thus allowing natural behaviors.

在人类疾病中使用大纪元无线传输系统的小型啮齿动物模型的长期连续监测脑电图

Many progressive neurologic diseases in humans, such as epilepsy, require pre-clinical animal models that slowly develop the disease in order to test ...

Concurrent Recording of Co-localized Electroencephalography and Local Field Potential in Rodent

Although electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used as a non-invasive technique for recording neural activities of the brain, our understanding of the neurogenesis of EEG is still very limited. Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded via a multi-laminar microelectrode can provide a more detailed account of simultaneous neural activity across different cortical layers in the neocortex, but the technique is invasive. Combining EEG and LFP measurements in a pre-clinical model can greatly enhance understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in the generation of EEG signals, and facilitate the derivation of a more realistic and biologically accurate mathematical model of EEG. A simple procedure for acquiring concurrent and co-localized EEG and multi-laminar LFP signals in the anesthetized rodent is presented here. We also investigated whether EEG signals were significantly affected by a burr hole drilled in the skull for the insertion of a microelectrode. Our results suggest that the burr hole has a negligible impact on EEG recordings.

This protocol describes a simple method for concurrent recording of co-localized electroencephalography (EEG) and multi-laminar local field potential in an anesthetized rat. A burr hole drilled in the skull for the insertion of a microelectrode is shown to produce negligible distortion of the EEG signal.

啮齿动物联合局部脑电图和局部电位的同步记录

Although electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used as a non-invasive technique for recording neural activities of the brain, our understanding of the ...

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials, Electrocardiogram, Electromyogram, and Breathing Rhythm from a Freely Moving Rat

Monitoring the physiological dynamics of the brain and peripheral tissues is necessary for addressing a number of questions about how the brain controls body functions and internal organ rhythms when animals are exposed to emotional challenges and changes in their living environments. In general experiments, signals from different organs, such as the brain and the heart, are recorded by independent recording systems that require multiple recording devices and different procedures for processing the data files. This study describes a new method that can simultaneously monitor electrical biosignals, including tens of local field potentials in multiple brain regions, electrocardiograms that represent the cardiac rhythm, electromyograms that represent awake/sleep-related muscle contraction, and breathing signals, in a freely moving rat. The recording configuration of this method is based on a conventional micro-drive array for cortical local field potential recordings in which tens of electrodes are accommodated, and the signals obtained from these electrodes are integrated into a single electrical board mounted on the animal's head. Here, this recording system was improved so that signals from the peripheral organs are also transferred to an electrical interface board. In a single surgery, electrodes are first separately implanted into the appropriate body parts and the target brain areas. The open ends of all of these electrodes are then soldered to individual channels of the electrical board above the animal's head so that all of the signals can be integrated into the single electrical board. Connecting this board to a recording device allows for the collection of all of the signals into a single device, which reduces experimental costs and simplifies data processing, because all data can be handled in the same data file. This technique will aid the understanding of the neurophysiological correlates of the associations between central and peripheral organs.

This study introduces a method for the simultaneous recording of local field potentials in the brain, electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and breathing signals of a freely moving rat. This technique, which reduces experimental costs and simplifies data analysis, will contribute to the understanding of the interactions between the brain and peripheral organs.

自由运动大鼠皮质局部电位、心电图、肌电图和呼吸节律的同步记录

Monitoring the physiological dynamics of the brain and peripheral tissues is necessary for addressing a number of questions about how the brain controls ...

Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. In non-verbal patients, it is very difficult to measure pain, even with pain assessment tools. Those tools are subjective or determine secondary physiological indicators which also have certain limitations particularly when exploring the effectiveness of analgesia. As cortical processing is essential for pain perception, brain activity measures may provide a useful approach to assess pain in infants. Here we present a method to assess nociception with electrophysiological brain activity recordings optimized for the use in newborn infants. To produce highly standardized and reproducible noxious stimuli we applied mechanical stimulation with a flat-tip probe, e.g., PinPrick, which is not skin-breaking and does not cause behavioral distress. The noxious-evoked potential allows the objective measurement of nociception in non-verbal patients. This method can be used in newborn infants as early as 34 weeks of gestational age. Moreover, it could be applied in different situations such as measuring the efficacy of analgesic or anesthetic drugs.

Measuring pain in non-verbal patients is a challenge. In this study we combine EEG recording with stimulation using a flat-tip probe to detect noxious-evoked brain activity in an objective manner.

应用平板探针结合脑电图对新生儿有害诱发脑活动的电生理测量

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. In non-verbal patients, it is very difficult to measure pain, even with pain assessment tools. ...

医学

Noninvasive EEG Recordings from Freely Moving Piglets

The method allows the recording of high-quality electroencephalograms (EEGs) from freely moving piglets directly in the pigpen. We use a one-channel telemetric electroencephalography system in combination with standard self-adhesive hydrogel electrodes. The piglets are calmed down without the use of sedatives. After their release into the pigpen, the piglets behave normally&#8212;they drink and sleep in the same cycle as their siblings. Their sleep phases are used for the EEG recordings.

Here, we present a protocol to record telemetric electroencephalograms (EEGs) from freely moving piglets directly in the pigpen without the use of a sedative, making it possible to record typical EEG patterns during non-REM sleep, like spindle bursts.

自由移动仔猪的无创脑电图记录

The method allows the recording of high-quality electroencephalograms (EEGs) from freely moving piglets directly in the pigpen. We use a one-channel ...

Electroencephalographic Recording of Epileptic Seizures in Epilepsy-Induced Rats

Source: Soukupov&#225;, M., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/58455">Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
This video demonstrates electroencephalographic (EEG) recording of epileptic seizures in epilepsy-induced rats. A rat with electrodes implanted in the ventral hippocampus is connected to the EEG recording system and placed in a plexiglass chamber. The rat is allowed to move freely while the brain activity is recorded to monitor the occurrence of seizures.

癫痫诱发大鼠癫痫发作的脑电图记录

All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.
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JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Neurophysiology

Stimulation and Modulation Techniques

Concurrent Electroencephalographic and Local Field Potential Recordings in an Anesthetized Rat

Source: Kang, S., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/56447">Concurrent Recording of Co-localized Electroencephalography and Local Field Potential in Rodent.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017).
This video demonstrates the procedure for concurrent recordings of co-localized electroencephalography (EEG) and local field potentials (LFPs) in an anesthetized rat. The process involves preparing the rat and attaching stimulating electrodes to its whisker pads. An EEG spider electrode is placed on the rat&#39;s skull for surface EEG measurements. At the same time, a multi-channel microelectrode is inserted into a specific brain region through a burr hole in the skull to record neural activity from a localized brain area.

麻醉大鼠同时进行脑电图和局部场电位记录

Electrophysiology Techniques

Electroencephalography Recording in a Rat Model of Focal Epilepsy

Source: Bae, J. et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/52700">Brain Source Imaging in Preclinical Rat Models of Focal Epilepsy using High-Resolution EEG Recordings.</a>&#160;J. Vis. Exp. (2015)
This video demonstrates a method for high-resolution EEG recording in a rat model of focal epilepsy. It outlines the steps involved in preparing the rat, connecting a multichannel EEG mini-cap to the rat&#39;s scalp, and recording the EEG to identify seizure-related events characteristic of the epilepsy model.

局灶性癫痫大鼠模型中的脑电图记录

Recording of Induced Seizures through Electroencephalography in Freely Moving Rat Pups

Source: Huo, Q. et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/55489">Recording EEG in Freely Moving Neonatal Rats Using a Novel Method.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
The video demonstrates the recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from seizure-induced rat pups. Take a freely moving pup implanted with electrodes connected to a data acquisition system. A neurotoxin is administered to induce epileptic seizures, and the resulting electrical bursting activity is monitored using the EEG signal.