作者要感谢本杰明 J Weigler, D.V.M., 博士和沃尔特曼德维尔, D.V.M. (动物资源 & 校园参加兽医, 内华达大学, 里诺) 为他们提供了优良的动物服务为老鼠并且他们的忠告在手术程序。

以下议定书已获得内华达大学 (UNR) 动物资源机构动物保育和使用委员会 (IACUC) 的批准, 并符合有关使用研究动物的所有机构伦理准则。
1. 动物。
<ol><li>获得成熟 (4-6 周大) 的 C57BL/6 小鼠体重介于20-30 克之间. 在 UNR 动物资源集中的动物设施中, 把实验室老鼠的菌落放在一个中心。</li>
</ol>2. 部分梗阻性手术
注意: 手术是在一个专门用于外科手术的房间里进行的。手术前所有的手术器械都是蒸压的。手术室所有人员都应佩戴无菌的手术袍和手套。
<ol><li>手术小鼠的制备<ol>
<li>检查麻醉提供系统, 以确保氧气和异氟醚的供应是足够的程序。打开供应氧气。打开气体流量计, 并将其调整为500-1000 毫升/分钟. 将动物放在感应腔内并封上顶部。</li>
		<li>打开异氟醚蒸发器到 5%, 并监测动物, 直到它成为卧。将麻醉传递系统切换到鼻锥。</li>
		<li>将任何残余气体的感应腔冲洗成氧气, 然后关闭感应腔线, 同时保持鼻锥线打开。</li>
		<li>把动物从房间里取出, 小心地将眼膏放在动物的眼睛上。</li>
		<li>当气体继续流动时, 将鼻锥放在预热的暖垫上。</li>
		<li>将氧气流量改为100-200 毫升/分, 2-3% 异氟醚。如果动物开始移动, gentlyrestrain 的动物与鼻子锥, 直到完全麻醉再次。</li>
		<li>监测过程中的呼吸和反应, 并根据需要调整异氟醚 (2-5%) 的百分比。动物麻醉水平的监测是缺乏脚趾捏反射前手术进行。</li>
		<li>注射止痛药 (丁丙诺啡, 体重1µg/克) 腹腔远离切口部位。</li>
		<li>使用干净的棉签在腹部涂抹脱毛液。让乳液在鼠标上坐3-5 分钟, 然后用纱布和棉签去除头发。重复此步骤, 直到所有的头发已经从鼠标的腹部被删除。</li>
		<li>用纱布和棉签清洁皮肤, 用70% 乙醇。应用 swabsticks 或聚维酮碘溶液清洗腹部。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>部分梗阻性手术<ol>
<li>使用 25 x 50 厘米无菌纸, 在手术区中部为 2.5 x 2.5 厘米开口, 将手术部位悬垂。通过在开口和皮肤的边界放置无菌条来保护动物的悬垂性。</li>
		<li>3.0 厘米腹部切口纵向使用15号刀片手术刀, 确保只有皮肤被切割和避免削减到 musculoperitoneal 层在这个时候。</li>
		<li>使用镊子和手术剪刀, 小心地将皮肤从 musculoperitoneal 层分开, 而不会导致任何切口到 musculoperitoneal 层。在层数被充分地分离了 (大约 1 cm x 4 cm) 之后, 辨认 linea 在 musculoperitoneal 层数和切开 ~ 2 cm 沿 linea, 用微钳和剪刀暴露腹腔腔。</li>
		<li>仔细定位并辨认盲肠。用微钳慢慢地从腹腔腔中取出盲肠, 将盲肠和回肠带到不育的褶皱上。立即用0.9% 条无菌盐水浸泡纱布将肠道组织湿润, 并在腹腔外的任何时候保持暴露的组织湿润。</li>
		<li>定位和辨认回肠和近端结肠之间的肠系膜。使切口 (1 厘米) 平行, 并刚好低于回肠, 在肠系膜上, 避免切割任何血管。</li>
		<li>采取蒸压硅胶环 (长度为6毫米, 4 毫米外径, 3.5 毫米内径)。纵向切开打开油管, 用微钳打开环。</li>
		<li>在肠系膜组织的切口上插入开环的一端。将环带到一个完整的圆环形状上, 使一端与另一个接触, 而回肠被环包围。</li>
		<li>确保硅胶环完全围绕回肠, 闭合环与缝合, 并小心地将肠道放回腹腔腔内。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>手术关闭<ol>
<li>在 linea 的 musculoperitoneal 层上进行简单的连续缝合, 用可吸收缝线闭合 musculoperitoneal 伤口。缝合完成后, 用0.9% 无菌生理盐水浸泡纱布清洗任何出血。</li>
		<li>要完全闭合伤口, 用单独的尼龙缝合, 对皮肤进行简单的连续缝合。</li>
		<li>两针缝合完成后, 用新的 swabstick 或聚维酮碘清洗伤口。</li>
		<li>腹腔注射抗生素 (庆大霉素, 每只老鼠 150 ul 基于20-30 克体重)。</li>
		<li>完成程序后, 关闭异氟醚蒸发器, 让动物呼吸只有流动的氧气, 直到它开始获得意识。</li>
		<li>一旦动物醒了, 把动物带到一个单独的恢复区, 热支持, 直到完全恢复。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. 术后观察。
<ol><li>手术完成后, 将动物移到恢复室的孵化器中, 温度和湿度是调节的。观察动物术后每15分钟的第一小时, 然后每30分钟的第二小时, 而动物在孵化器。</li>
	<li>一旦规定的观察完成, 移动动物到他们自己的笼子并且每日监视他们为临床征兆痛苦18, 并且确保手术伤口是正确愈合没有任何并发症的迹象 (开裂) 目前。</li>
</ol>

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</ol>

作者没有什么可透露的。

我们表明, 小鼠接受肠道 PO 手术的持续和重现性发展肠平滑肌肥大, 这是模仿人类肠梗阻。为不同的动物开发了肠梗阻手术, 包括老鼠7, 老鼠10, 豚鼠11, 狗12和猫13。小鼠肠梗阻模型具有时间、成本、大小和表型优势, 优于其他大型动物模型。小鼠或大鼠肥大的发展只需要10-14 天10, 与豚鼠、狗...

肠道阻塞是小肠或大肠的部分或全部堵塞, 可防止消化的食物、液体和气体通过肠道移动1。由于梗阻, 堵塞导致肠道壁变厚, 缩小流明2。由于腹部或盆腔手术导致腹部粘连组织形成或胃肠道疾病 (如克罗恩病)、憩、疝、扭转、狭窄、肠套叠, 便秘, 粪便嵌塞, 伪梗阻, 癌症和肿瘤3,4,5。肠道阻塞在这些情况下经常导致肠道肌的肥大6。
PO 的流明诱发肠道扩张, 并增加平滑肌层厚度周围的梗阻, 以响应需要继续功能蠕动7,8,9,10, 11,12,13。开发了肠道动物模型, 研究小鼠的平滑肌肥厚7, 大鼠10, 豚鼠11, 狗12, 猫13 , 持续发展类似的肥厚在肠道肌肉层。
小肠 PO 的老鼠模型是产生和研究肠道障碍的最经济有效的方法在体内。小鼠小肠梗阻是通过使用硅胶环手术放置在回肠周围。在 po 手术后, po 小鼠的细胞数量 (增生) 和肌肉层厚度 (肥厚) 的增加较早,8,15。SMC 是主要的塑料细胞, 生长在平滑的肌肉层, 以响应肥厚条件14, 但其他细胞, 如 ICC 和 PDGFRα+细胞与 SMC 密切关联, 也填充。我们以前报告说, PO 小鼠在小肠发育肥大, 其中 SMC 被去分化肉瘤成PDGFRα + 细胞, 高度增生的7, 15, 16.相反, 在肠道 obsruction 的发育过程中, ICC 在肥厚平滑肌层中退化并丢失了7。PO 模型的另一个主要好处是它有能力诱发肠道神经系统的改变和传播神经源性运动模式。小鼠小肠的主要传播神经源性运动模式是迁移马达复合体 (MMC), 这是神经源性的, 不需要 ICC 或电慢波17。PO 模型可以清楚地了解复合材料和肠神经是如何通过局部梗阻重塑的。
在这里, 我们提出了一个小鼠的肠道 PO 手术的协议使用硅胶环。接受 PO 手术的小鼠在小肠肌中可靠地产生肥大。在肥厚的肌肉内, SMC, ICC, PDGFRα+, 神经元细胞被显著重塑。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Surgical drape</td><td>Medical and veterinary supplies</td><td>SMS40</td><td>40&amp;rdquo;X100 yards</td></tr><tr><td>Underpad, econ, pro plus</td><td>Medical and veterinary supplies</td><td>MSC281224</td><td>17x24&amp;rdquo;</td></tr><tr><td>Iris scissors</td><td>Braintree scientific, Inc</td><td>SC-i-130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iris scissors</td><td>Vantage</td><td>V95-304</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont electronic &amp;amp; jeweler tweezers</td><td>Dumont</td><td>98-180-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Braided absorbable suture</td><td>Covidien polysorb</td><td>SL-5687G</td><td>5-0, polyglactin</td></tr><tr><td>Nylon non-absorbable mono filament</td><td>AD surgical</td><td>S-N618R13</td><td>6-0, nylon</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical blade</td><td>Dynarex</td><td></td><td>No.15</td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder</td><td>Jacobson microvascular</td><td>36-1342TC</td><td>8.5 inch</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel handle</td><td>Flinn scientific</td><td>AB1049</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microsurgical scissor</td><td>WPI</td><td>503305</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petrolatum ophthalmic ointment</td><td>Puralube VET</td><td></td><td>3.5 g</td></tr><tr><td>Fluriso (isoflurane)</td><td>Vetone</td><td>V1 502017</td><td>250 ml</td></tr><tr><td>Steri-strip reinforced skin closure</td><td>3M</td><td>R1547</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical gloves</td><td>Medline</td><td>MSG2270</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ear loop face mask</td><td>The safety zone</td><td>RS700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Avant gauze non-woven sponges</td><td>Caring</td><td>PRM25444</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical cup</td><td>Admiral&amp;nbsp; craft OYC-2</td><td>725-A42</td><td>2.5 oz</td></tr><tr><td>Swabstick</td><td>ChloraPrep</td><td>260103</td><td>2% w/v Chlorhexidine&amp;nbsp; Gluconate (CHG) and 70% v/v Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)</td></tr><tr><td>Cotton tipped applicator</td><td>Puritan</td><td>806-WC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buprenorphine</td><td>Zoo pharm</td><td>BZ8069317</td><td>1 mg/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Gentamycin sulfate</td><td>Vetone</td><td>G-6336-04</td><td>100 mg/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Fast acting gel cream remover</td><td>Veet</td><td>8111002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>AHS</td><td>AH01T2516</td><td>1 ml with needle</td></tr><tr><td>Silicon ring</td><td>VWR</td><td>60985-720</td><td>6 mm in length, 4 mm exterior diameter, 3.5 mm interior diameter</td></tr><tr><td>C57BL/6 mice</td><td>The Jackson Laboratory</td><td></td><td>4-6 weeks old</td></tr></tbody></table>

a mouse model of intestinal partial obstruction

肠道阻塞, 阻碍或阻断蠕动运动, 可能是由腹部粘连和大多数胃肠道 (胃肠) 疾病, 包括肿瘤生长引起的。然而, 由于肠道障碍而引起的细胞重塑机制被理解得很差。一些动物模型的肠道障碍已经开发, 但鼠标模型是最成本/时间的有效。老鼠模型使用的外科植入肠道部分梗阻 (PO), 如果它没有正确的执行率高死亡率。此外, 如果不使用适当的封锁或不适当放置, 接受 PO 手术的小鼠就无法发育肥大。在这里, 我们描述了一个详细的协议, 为 PO 手术, 产生可靠和可重复的肠道障碍, 死亡率非常低。该协议利用手术放置的硅胶环包围回肠, 部分阻断消化运动在小肠。部分堵塞使肠道因消化运动停止而扩张。肠道扩张会导致环的口腔侧平滑肌肥大, 逐渐发育超过2周, 直至死亡。手术 PO 鼠标模型提供了一个体内模型, 用于研究肠道细胞的病理变化, 包括平滑肌细胞 (SMC), Cajal (ICC), PDGFRα+和神经元细胞在肠道梗阻的发育过程中。

部分梗阻 (PO) 手术诱导的一个月大鼠通过放置一个硅胶环周围的回肠附近的回盲括约肌。这枚戒指造成了回肠部分堵塞。假手术 (所以) 也没有一个环上的年龄/性别匹配的老鼠, 这些老鼠没有显示任何类似的症状, 在 PO 老鼠发现。几个小时后, 小鼠很快从 PO 手术中恢复过来。他们在第一个星期内没有表现出明显的行为变化或虚弱, 但在第一周之后, 他们逐渐开始显示出了 PO ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction at JoVE.com

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

肠道阻塞是肠道的部分或全部堵塞, 可引起严重的腹痛、恶心、呕吐和防止大便的通过。该方法在小鼠肠道部分 obsructions 的建立是可靠的, 研究的机制, 病理细胞生长和死亡的肠道。

小肠部分梗阻的小鼠模型

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including ...

a-mouse-model-of-intestinal-partial-obstruction

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

21.1K 次观看.  University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine. 肠道阻塞是肠道的部分或全部堵塞, 可引起严重的腹痛、恶心、呕吐和防止大便的通过。该方法在小鼠肠道部分 obsructions 的建立是可靠的, 研究的机制, 病理细胞生长和死亡的肠道。

视频: A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a common reason for a variety of human diseases. Animal research models are critical in investigating the complex cellular and molecular of intestinal pathology. Although the tunica mucosa is often the organ of interest in many inflammatory diseases, recent works demonstrated that the muscularis externa (ME) is also a highly immunocompetent organ that harbours a dense network of resident immunocytes.1,2 These works were performed within the standardized model of intestinal manipulation (IM) that leads to inflammation of the bowel wall, mainly limited to the ME. Clinically this inflammation leads to prolonged intestinal dysmotility, known as postoperative ileus (POI) which is a frequent and unavoidable complication after abdominal surgery.3 The inflammation is characterized by liberation of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-64 or IL-1&beta; or inhibitory neurotransmitters like nitric oxide (NO).5 Subsequently, tremendous numbers of immunocytes extravasate into the ME, dominated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes and finally maintain POI.2 Lasting for days, this intestinal paralysis leads to an increased risk of aspiration, bacterial translocation and infectious complications up to sepsis and multi organ failure and causes a high economic burden.6
In this manuscript we demonstrate the standardized model of IM and in vivo assessment of gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and colonic transit. Furthermore we demonstrate a method for separation of the ME from the tunica mucosa followed by immunological analysis, which is crucial to distinguish between the inflammatory responses in these both highly immunoactive bowel wall compartments. All analyses are easily transferable to any other research models, affecting gastrointestinal function.

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a complication of abdominal surgery leading to increased morbidity and a prolonged hospital stay. Because prophylactic or therapeutic strategies are lacking intensified research is necessary. Therefore we established a standardized and feasible mouse model to investigate the pathophysiology of POI and to study potential therapeutic options.

在啮齿类动物的肠动力及胃肠壁的炎症分析功能评价一个标准化的模式肠道操作

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a common reason for a variety of human diseases. Animal research models are critical in investigating the ...

科研

医学

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) over healthy individuals. This risk is proportional to the duration and extent of disease, with a cumulative incidence as high as 30% in individuals with longstanding UC with widespread colonic involvement.1 Colonic dysplasia in IBD and colitis associated cancer (CAC) are believed to develop as a result of repeated cycles of epithelial cell injury and repair while these cells are bathed in a chronic inflammatory cytokine milieu.2 While spontaneous and colitis-associated cancers share the quality of being adenocarcinomas, the sequence of underlying molecular events is believed to be different.3 This distinction argues the need for specific animal models of CAC.
Several mouse models currently exist for the study of CAC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an agent with direct toxic effects on the colonic epithelium, can be administered in drinking water to mice in multiple cycles to create a chronic inflammatory state. With sufficient duration, some of these mice will develop tumors.4 Tumor development is hastened in this model if administered in a pro-carcinogenic setting. These include mice with genetic mutations in tumorigenesis pathways (APC, p53, Msh2), as well as mice pre-treated with genotoxic agents (azoxymethane [AOM], 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [DMH]).5 
The combination of DSS with AOM as a model for colitis associated cancer has gained popularity for its reproducibility, potency, low price, and ease of use. Though they have a shared mechanism, AOM has been found to be more potent and stable in solution than DMH. While tumor development in other models generally requires several months, mice injected with AOM and subsequently treated with DSS develop adequate tumors in as little as 7-10 weeks.6, 7 Finally, AOM and DSS can be administered to mice of any genetic background (knock out, transgenic, etc.) without cross-breeding to a specific tumorigenic strain. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for inflammation-driven colonic tumorigenesis in mice utilizing a single injection of AOM followed by three seven-day cycles of DSS over a 10 week period. This model induces tumors with histological and molecular changes closely resembling those occurring in human CAC and provides a highly valuable model for the study of oncogenesis and chemoprevention in this disease.8

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane AOM and Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS

We demonstrate a protocol in which administration of the genotoxic agent azoxymethane (AOM) followed by three cycles of the pro-inflammatory agent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) rapidly and consistently generates colon tumors in mice with morphologic and molecular similarities to those seen in human colitis-associated cancer.

建模结肠炎相关的癌症与​​氧化偶氮甲烷（AOM）和葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal ...

Murine Model of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypotension, necrotizing enterocolitis, bowel transplantation, trauma and chronic inflammation. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a consequence of acute mesenteric ischemia, caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, resulting in intestinal damage. Reperfusion following ischemia can further exacerbate damage of the intestine. The mechanisms of IR injury are complex and poorly understood. Therefore, experimental small animal models are critical for understanding the pathophysiology of IR injury and the development of novel therapies.
Here we describe a mouse model of acute intestinal IR injury that provides reproducible injury of the small intestine without mortality. This is achieved by inducing ischemia in the region of the distal ileum by temporally occluding the peripheral and terminal collateral branches of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min using microvascular clips. Reperfusion for 1 hr, or 2 hr after injury results in reproducible injury of the intestine examined by histological analysis. Proper position of the microvascular clips is critical for the procedure. Therefore the video clip provides a detailed visual step-by-step description of this technique. This model of intestinal IR injury can be utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury and regeneration.

Here we describe the detailed procedure of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in mice which results in reproducible injury without mortality to encourage the standardization of this technique across the field. This model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury can be utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury and regeneration.

肠缺血再灌注损伤的小鼠模型

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, ...

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Permeability and Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration in Mice using a Standardized Intestinal Loop Model

The intestinal mucosa is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a dynamic barrier allowing paracellular transport of nutrients and water while preventing passage of luminal bacteria and exogenous substances. A breach of this layer results in increased permeability to luminal contents and recruitment of immune cells, both of which are hallmarks of pathologic states in the gut including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 
Mechanisms regulating epithelial barrier function and transepithelial migration (TEpM) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are incompletely understood due to the lack of experimental in vivo methods allowing quantitative analyses. Here, we describe a robust murine experimental model that employs an exteriorized intestinal segment of either ileum or proximal colon. The exteriorized intestinal loop (iLoop) is fully vascularized and offers physiological advantages over ex vivo chamber-based approaches commonly used to study permeability and PMN migration across epithelial cell monolayers.
We demonstrate two applications of this model in detail: (1) quantitative measurement of intestinal permeability through detection of fluorescence-labeled dextrans in serum after intraluminal injection, (2) quantitative assessment of migrated PMN across the intestinal epithelium into the gut lumen after intraluminal introduction of chemoattractants. We demonstrate feasibility of this model and provide results utilizing the iLoop in mice lacking the epithelial tight junction-associated protein JAM-A compared to controls. JAM-A has been shown to regulate epithelial barrier function as well as PMN TEpM during inflammatory responses. Our results using the iLoop confirm previous studies and highlight the importance of JAM-A in regulation of intestinal permeability and PMN TEpM in vivo during homeostasis and disease. 
The iLoop model provides a highly standardized method for reproducible in vivo studies of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation and will significantly enhance understanding of intestinal barrier function and mucosal inflammation in diseases such as IBD.

Dysregulated intestinal epithelial barrier function and immune responses are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease that remain poorly investigated due to a lack of physiological models. Here, we describe a mouse intestinal loop model that employs a well-vascularized and exteriorized bowel segment to study mucosal permeability and leukocyte recruitment in vivo.

使用标准化肠道循环模型对小鼠肠道渗透性和中性粒细胞转导的功能评估

The intestinal mucosa is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a dynamic barrier allowing paracellular transport of nutrients and water ...

免疫与感染

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>通过肠道作研究术后肠梗阻的小鼠模型

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI is a consequence of mechanical damage during surgery, resulting in disruption of motility in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms of POI are related to aberrant neuronal sensitivity, impaired epithelial barrier function, and increased local inflammation. However, the details remain enigmatic. Therefore, experimental murine models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology and mechanism of POI injury and for the development of novel therapies.
Here, we introduce a murine model of POI generated via intestinal manipulation (IM) that is similar to clinical surgery; this is achieved by mechanical damage to the small intestine by massaging the abdomen 1-3 times with a cotton swab. IM delayed gastrointestinal transit 24 h after surgery, as assessed by FITC-dextran gavage and fluorescence detection of the segmental digestive tract. Moreover, tissue swelling of the submucosa and immune cell infiltration were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and flow cytometry. Proper pressure of the IM and a hyperemic effect on the intestine are critical for the procedure. This murine model of POI can be utilized to study the mechanisms of intestinal damage and recovery after abdominal surgery.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>术后肠梗阻鼠模型

We describe a murine model of postoperative ileus generated via intestinal manipulation. Gastrointestinal transit function, pathologic changes, and immune cell activation were assessed 24 h after surgery.

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI ...

Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular events, and cancers) through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which these procedures allow such improvements often require their transposition into animals, especially in mice, because of the ease of generating genetically modified animals. Recently, the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a procedure that uses both restrictive and malabsorptive effects, which is being used as an alternative to gastric bypass in case of major obesity. Thus far, this procedure has been associated with strong metabolic improvements, which has led to a marked increase in its use in daily clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying these metabolic effects have been poorly studied as a result of a lack of animal models. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice, with a special focus on perioperative management. The description and use of this new rodent model will be helpful for the scientific community to better understand the molecular, metabolic, and structural changes induced by the SADI-S and to better define the surgical indications for clinical practice.

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is an emerging bariatric procedure with important metabolic effects. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice.

小鼠单吻合十二指肠回肠旁路与袖状胃切除术模型

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes ...

Rodent Model of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a myriad of conditions in both veterinary and human medicine. Intestinal IRI conditions, such as gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), mesenteric torsion, and colic, are observed in animals such as dogs and horses. An initial interruption of blood flow causes tissues to become ischemic. Although necessary to salvage viable tissue, subsequent reperfusion can induce further injury. The main mechanism responsible for IRI is free radical formation upon reperfusion and reintroduction of oxygen into damaged tissue, but there are many other components involved. The resulting local and systemic effects often impart a poor prognosis. 
Intestinal IRI has been the subject of extensive research over the past 50 years. An in vivo rodent model in which the base of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is temporarily ligated is currently the most common method used to study intestinal IRI. Here, we describe a model of intestinal IRI utilizing isoflurane anesthesia in 21% O2 medical air that yields reproducible injury, as demonstrated by consistent histopathology of the small intestines. Tissue injury was also assessed in the colon, liver, and kidneys.

We describe how to generate a widely used surgical model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rodents. The procedure involves occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by the restoration of blood flow. This model is useful for studies investigating occlusive causes of intestinal IRI in both veterinary and human medicine.

肠系膜上动脉闭塞的肠缺血再灌注损伤的啮齿动物模型

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a myriad of conditions in both veterinary and human medicine. Intestinal IRI conditions, ...

Murine Ileal Resection Model: Studying Ileectomy-Induced Bile Metabolism in Murine Model

Source: Zhang, R., et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/55728"> Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video describes the detailed protocol for intestinal resection in a murine model. This technique provides insights into ileectomy-induced bile malabsorption, overaccumulation, and toxicity in the mouse intestine.

小鼠回肠切除术模型:研究小鼠模型中回肠切除术诱导的胆汁代谢

Source: Zhang, R., et al.  Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine. J. Vis. Exp. (2017)
This video describes the detailed protocol for ...

小肠部分梗阻的小鼠模型

摘要

探索更多视频

在啮齿类动物的肠动力及胃肠壁的炎症分析功能评价一个标准化的模式肠道操作

建模结肠炎相关的癌症与氧化偶氮甲烷（AOM）和葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）

肠缺血再灌注损伤的小鼠模型

使用标准化肠道循环模型对小鼠肠道渗透性和中性粒细胞转导的功能评估

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

小鼠单吻合十二指肠回肠旁路与袖状胃切除术模型

肠系膜上动脉闭塞的肠缺血再灌注损伤的啮齿动物模型

小鼠回肠切除术模型:研究小鼠模型中回肠切除术诱导的胆汁代谢

小肠部分梗阻的小鼠模型

摘要

探索更多视频

在啮齿类动物的肠动力及胃肠壁的炎症分析功能评价一个标准化的模式肠道操作

建模结肠炎相关的癌症与​​氧化偶氮甲烷（AOM）和葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）

肠缺血再灌注损伤的小鼠模型

使用标准化肠道循环模型对小鼠肠道渗透性和中性粒细胞转导的功能评估

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

术后肠梗阻鼠模型

小鼠单吻合十二指肠回肠旁路与袖状胃切除术模型

肠系膜上动脉闭塞的肠缺血再灌注损伤的啮齿动物模型

小鼠回肠切除术模型:研究小鼠模型中回肠切除术诱导的胆汁代谢

建模结肠炎相关的癌症与氧化偶氮甲烷（AOM）和葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）