Name: optimizing the use of a liquid handling robot to conduct a high throughput forward chemical genetics screen of arabidopsis thaliana
Uploaded: 2018-04-30T13:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 58 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana at JoVE.com

我们感谢 Jozsef 鹳, 米切尔里士满, Jarrad Gollihue, 和安德烈-桑切斯的建设性和关键的讨论。莎琳博士为表型照片。该材料的基础是国家科学基金会根据1355438号合作协议所支持的工作。

1. 创建稀释库
<ol><li>用手工标签625稀释库板, 确保它们与化学库中相应的印版相匹配。此外, 通过控制台驱动器将流量和流出流软管连接到多通道尖端洗涤自动材质定位器 (阿尔卑斯) (参见材料表)。</li>
	<li>访问计算机并通过设备控制器与多通道尖端洗涤磷酸酶的连接打开洗涤泵以循环水。这将在协议结束时自动关闭。</li>
	<li>装载, 用手, 堆垛机10的附加到堆放机的传送带, 按以下顺序在酒店 A D (图 4, 码垛);一盒 AP96 P20 吸管提示在房间 1, 四96井 V 底板的房间 2-5 与两个上部板块包含库存浓度从有序库和两个较低的板块空 (图 5, 堆垛机)。另外, 在房间6和四96井 V 底板上装载一盒 AP96 P20 吸管提示在 7-9 与二个上部板材包含有序的图书馆的存货集中和二个更低的板空 (图 5, 堆垛机)。</li>
	<li>通过手工设置, 甲板上有一个300毫升水水库在 P3, 一个300毫升70% 乙醇浴 P7, 尖端装载者阿尔卑斯 (TL1), 和多通道尖端洗涤阿尔卑斯 (TW1) (图 4, 甲板和图 5, 甲板)。</li>
	<li>使用操作软件, 现在 AP96 P20 吸管提示从堆垛机10和移动他们到尖端装载者阿尔卑斯。 注: 1.5 至1.12 均采用液体搬运机器人的操作软件完成;请参阅材料表。</li>
	<li>目前2房间从酒店 A 和分开所有四96井 V 底板在甲板上, 放置底部二在 P4 和 P8 和前二在 P5 和 P9 (图 4)。</li>
	<li>负载 AP96 P20 吸管提示与尖端装载者的磷酸酶到96通道200µL 头。从300毫升水油藏中抽出90µL, 并将 P4 上的96井 V 底稀释板抽出。对 P8 上的盘子重复此步骤。</li>
	<li>将化学库板混合在 P5 上, 反复抽吸和配药15µL 三次。另外, 从 P5 上的化学库板中抽出10µL, 并将10µL 放入 P4 的稀释板中。</li>
	<li>通过反复抽吸和配药50µL, 将 P4 板的溶液混合在一起, 共三次。一旦混合, 清洁 AP96 P20 吸管提示, 通过吸和配药70µL 70% 乙醇从 P7, 然后洗涤他们在多通道尖端洗涤磷酸酶通过吸和配药110% 水量四倍。</li>
	<li>对 P8 和 P9 上的第二对板重复步骤 1.8-1.9。创建第二个96井 V 底稀释板后, 按以下顺序从下到上堆叠板: P9、P5、P8 和 P4。然后, 把栈放在一个空的静止的高山上;无论是 P1、P2、P6、P10、P11、P12 或 P13。</li>
	<li>重复步骤1.6 至 1.10, 直到酒店 A 5 室为空。在到达6室时重复步骤 1.5, 将新的 AP96 P20 吸管提示移到尖端装载者的磷酸酶上, 并将所用的 AP96 P20 吸管提示放在空的静态碱性磷酸酶上。</li>
	<li>重复步骤1.6 至 1.10, 直到酒店 A 的9室为空。然而, 为了前往 B 酒店, 甲板上的盘子和小费必须重新装入酒店 A。</li>
	<li>用手重新填充300毫升的水水库。这一步是至关重要的, 计算机程序可以合并暂停详细说明此消息, 要求用户点击 "继续", 然后再执行下一步骤。</li>
	<li>重复步骤 1.5-1.13 为其余的酒店, 确保一个完整的300毫升水水库每次之前, 前往下一个酒店。</li>
</ol>2. 添加培养基-种子混合物筛板
<ol><li>通过添加4.3 克 MS 盐、0.50 克 MES、1.0 克琼脂至 1 L ½, 使 Murashige 和 Skoog (ms) 培养基与0.1% 琼脂结合, 在 ph 探针的监测下, 将 ph 值调整为 2, 但同时添加5.7 米氢氧化钾.</li>
	<li>用1% 的漂白剂和 SDS 在15和30分钟之间摇动种子, 然后用离心法冲洗4次, 用相同容积的水进行杀菌。一旦种子是无菌的, 将其放置在4摄氏度从24小时到7天为 vernilization。拟南芥生物资源中心描述了杀菌、vernilization 和生长的其他方法22。</li>
	<li>用手在密度为 0.1 g/100 毫升的培养基上添加种子。这个密度导致平均 3-10 种子每井96井板材。</li>
	<li>在酒店 a (图 6, 酒店 a) 的1和2房间中, 手工放置四96井平底板。将一盒 AP96 P250 吸管小贴士放在尖端装载机上, 一个300毫升的水库, 充满了在 P3 步骤 2.1-2.3 中创建的媒体种子混合物, 以及300毫升水库, 在 P7 (图 70%, 甲板和图 4上填充了6乙醇。, 甲板)。 注: 2.5 到2.8 是用操作软件完成的。</li>
	<li>目前客房1和2在酒店 A, 并分开的栈四板块。在每个空的静态阿尔卑斯 (P4、P5、P6、P8、P9、P10、P11 和 P12) 上放置一个盘子。负载 AP96 P250 吸管提示96通道200µL 头。</li>
	<li>从300毫升的 P3 介质种子库中抽出90µL, 并将其放入前96井平底板中。重复此过程, 直到所有八个板块包含介质种子混合物。</li>
	<li>通过从300毫升水库中吸出70µL, 并在 P7 上填充70% 乙醇, 清洁 AP96 P250 吸管提示。在多通道尖端洗涤磷酸酶的提示冲洗和配药110% 卷水四次, 卸载的提示在 TL1, 并收集的盘子手工。</li>
</ol>3. 将小分子添加到筛板上
<ol><li>手动装载, 一盒 AP96 P250 吸管提示进入酒店1室 a, 两个96井 V 底稀释库板进入房间 2, 4, 6 和 8, 和两个96井平底筛板进入房间 3, 5, 7 和 9 (图 4, 堆垛机和图 7, A 酒店)。此外, 连接软管到和从多通道尖端洗涤磷酸酶到5加仑的水库。 注: 3.2 到3.10 是用操作软件完成的。</li>
	<li>配置甲板, 以包含300毫升70% 乙醇洗涤水库在 P7;介质种子库可以放在 P3 的甲板上 (图 4、甲板和图 7、甲板)。另外, 通过设备控制器的连接打开控制台驱动器, 通过多通道尖端洗涤磷酸酶循环水。这将在协议结束时自动关闭。</li>
	<li>AP96 P250 吸管提示盒从酒店 A, 并将其移动到顶部装载者阿尔卑斯。</li>
	<li>提出96井 V 底稀释库板从2房间 A 到甲板和安置一个在静态阿尔卑斯 P4 和一个在 P8。目前96井平底筛板从酒店 A 3 室到甲板上, 并放置一个在静态的高山 P5 和一个在 P9。</li>
	<li>负载 AP96 P250 吸管提示与尖端装载者的磷酸酶到96通道200µL 头。</li>
	<li>将96井 V 底稀释板与 P4 50 µL 三倍的吸气和配药混合在一起。接着, 从这个盘子中抽出10µL, 并在 P5 上抽出96井平底筛板。</li>
	<li>将溶液在 P5 中混合, 通过吸气和配药50µL 三倍。用乙醇清洗 AP96 P250 吸管小贴士, 从 P7 的水库中吸出70µL 70% 乙醇, 然后在多通道尖端洗涤磷酸酶中通过吸气和分配110% 容积的水四次清洗。</li>
	<li>对第二个96井 V 底稀释库板 (P8) 和96井平底筛板 (P9) 重复步骤3.5 和3.6。</li>
	<li>将两个96井的 V 底稀释库板和两个96井平底筛板叠在一起。将板块移动到静态阿尔卑斯 P1、P2、P6、P10、P11、P12 或 P13。</li>
	<li>重复步骤 3.4-3.9 三次, 添加稀释的化学品, 以筛板共八次。最后, 通过视觉构象检查筛板每口井中种子的数量, 并通过额外的灭菌和 vernalized 的种子补充那些少于三种子的水井。</li>
</ol>4. 筛板的孵化和可视化
<ol><li>在干燥的容器中, 在16/8 光/暗循环中, 在22摄氏度的环境室中孵化96井平底筛板四天。在解剖显微镜下可视化96井平底筛板。记录所有异常表型以供进一步调查。</li>
</ol>

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作者声明他们没有竞争的财政利益。

该协议旨在帮助研究人员完成对拟南芥的化学遗传学筛选。我们从5万种化合物 (图 2和图 3) 的屏幕上提供了具有代表性的结果, 其中一个最大的前向化学遗传学屏幕, 在拟南芥上进行, 日期为9,13,23。使用液体搬运机器人, 使稀释库更高效, 筛选库生成, 提高了新化合物识别的速度和效?...

在过去的20年中, 植物生物学领域的研究人员已经取得了长足的进步, 使用化学遗传学方法, 无论是正反两方面, 都提高了我们对细胞壁生物合成、骨架、激素合成和信号传递的理解,安歇, 发病机制, 嘌呤生物合成, 和膜贩运1,2,3,4,5。使用正向化学遗传学技术可以识别感兴趣的表型, 并允许研究人员了解特定过程的基因型基础。相反, 逆向化学遗传学寻找与预先确定的蛋白质目标6相互作用的化学物质。在植物生物学中, 拟南芥一直处于这些发现的前沿, 因为它的基因组是小的、映射的和注释的。它有一个短的世代时间, 并且有多个变种人或报告者线为方便辨认异常亚细胞机器7。
有两个主要瓶颈阻碍了正向化学基因筛的进展、初始筛选过程和确定感兴趣的化合物的目标8。提高小分子选择速度的主要帮助是使用自动化和自动化设备9。液体搬运机器人是处理大型小分子库的绝佳工具, 在生物科学 (10) 的推动进程中发挥了重要作用。此处提出的协议旨在缓解与筛选过程相关的瓶颈, 从而使生物活性小分子的识别速度加快.该技术为经营者减轻了劳动和时间负担, 同时也降低了对原理调查人员的经济成本。
到目前为止, 大多数化学库都在1万到2万种化合物之间进行了分析, 其中一些有多达15万个, 一些与70个9、11、12、13、14、15,16. 本文介绍的协议是在5万化合物的小分子库 (见材料表) 上实施的, 迄今在拟南芥上进行了较大的正向化学遗传学筛。这项议定书符合目前的趋势, 以提高效率和速度的前瞻性化学遗传学, 特别是因为它涉及到除草剂发现, 杀虫剂发现, 杀菌剂发现, 药物发现和癌症生物学17 ,18,19,20,21。虽然这项协议在这里与拟南芥一起实施, 但可以很容易地适应细胞培养, 孢子, 甚至在 96-, 384, 或1536孔板中液体培养基中的昆虫。由于其体积小, 拟南芥可在96井板中进行筛选。然而, 在水井中均匀地分配种子是一个挑战。手工播种是准确的, 但劳动密集型, 虽然有设备设计, 以分配种子到96井板, 他们是昂贵的购买。在这里, 我们展示了如何绕过这一步, 只是一个小的准确性损失。
这个方法的总目标是使筛选一个大化学图书馆反对拟南芥更加可管理, 不妥协准确性,通过使用液体搬运机器人。这种方法的使用提高了研究者的效率, 减少了完成初始稀释系列管理和随后的表型屏幕的时间, 允许在解剖显微镜下快速可视化样本, 并迅速新的生物活性小分子的鉴定。图 1在4个步骤中描述了此协议的关键结果。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/57393/57393fig1.jpg"> 图 1: 正向化学遗传学屏幕的整体工作流.要为4个关键步骤中的每一项详细描述的协议概述。1: 接收化学图书馆, 2: 制作稀释库, 3: 制作筛板, 4: 孵化和可视化筛板。<a href="/files/ftp_upload/57393/57393fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Keyboard</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td></tr><tr><td>Mouse</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Screen</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td></tr><tr><td>Computer</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Used for protocol design and operating the Biomek FX</td></tr><tr><td>DIVERSet Diverse Screening Library</td><td>ChemBridge</td><td>N/A</td><td>Chemical library</td></tr><tr><td>Biomek Software</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>N/A</td><td>Runs and designs the Biomek FX</td></tr><tr><td>Device Controller</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>719366</td><td>Operates the water pump/tip washing station</td></tr><tr><td>Stacker Carousel Pendent</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>148240</td><td>Manual operation of Biomek Stacker Carousel</td></tr><tr><td>Biomek Stacker Carousel</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>148520</td><td>Rotary unit that houses all FX Stacker 10&#039;s</td></tr><tr><td>FX Stacker 10</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>148522</td><td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td></tr><tr><td>FX Stacker 10</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>148522</td><td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td></tr><tr><td>FX Stacker 10</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>148522</td><td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td></tr><tr><td>FX Stacker 10</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>148522</td><td>Elevator unit that houses components for screen</td></tr><tr><td>Biomek FX</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>https://www.beckman.com/liquid-handlers</td><td>Robot that performs the desired operations</td></tr><tr><td>Accuframe</td><td>Artisan Technology Group</td><td>76853-4</td><td>Frames arm to place components corretly</td></tr><tr><td>Framing Fixture</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>719415</td><td>Centers arm in the Accuframe</td></tr><tr><td>Multichannel Tip Wash ALP</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>719662</td><td>Washes the tips after the ethanol bath</td></tr><tr><td>Tip Loader ALP</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>719356</td><td>Pneumatically loads tips onto the arm</td></tr><tr><td>Air Compressor</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Provides air for pneumatic tip loading</td></tr><tr><td>MasterFlex Console Drive</td><td>Cole-Parmer</td><td>77200-65</td><td>Pump used to circulate water through the Multichannel Tip Washer</td></tr><tr><td>Air Hose</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Provides air from air compressor to Tip Loader</td></tr><tr><td>Water Hose</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Provides water from 5 Gallon Reserviour to Tip Washer</td></tr><tr><td>Static ALP&#039;s</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>Comes with Biomek FX</td><td>Supports equipment for the Screen</td></tr><tr><td>5 Gallon Reserviour</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Recirculates the dirty water from cleaning the tips</td></tr><tr><td>Grippers</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>Comes with Biomek FX</td><td>Grabs and moves the equipment to the correct places</td></tr><tr><td>96-Channel 200 &amp;micro;L Head</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>Comes with Biomek FX</td><td>Holds the 96 tips used within the screen</td></tr><tr><td>AP96 P200 Pipette Tips</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>717251</td><td>Used to make the screening library</td></tr><tr><td>96 Well Flat Bottom Plate</td><td>Costar</td><td>9018</td><td>Aids in visulization of screen</td></tr><tr><td>96 Well V-Bottom Plate</td><td>Costar</td><td>3897</td><td>Aids in storing of dilution library</td></tr><tr><td>AlumaSeal 96 Sealing Film</td><td>MedSci</td><td>F-96-100</td><td>Seals for storage both the chemicle library and dilution library</td></tr><tr><td>Plastic ziplock sandwich bags</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Used to ensure a humid environment for screen</td></tr><tr><td>AP96 P20 Pipette Tips</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>717254</td><td>Used in the dilution library creation</td></tr><tr><td>Growth Chamber</td><td>Percival</td><td>AR36L3</td><td>Germinates seeds for phenotypic visulization</td></tr><tr><td>Spatula</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Holds seeds to add into wells where liquid seeding failed seed adequatly</td></tr><tr><td>Toothpick</td><td>Local Provider</td><td>N/A</td><td>Pushes seeds from spatula to wells</td></tr><tr><td>Murashige and Skoog Basal Salt Mixture</td><td>PhytoTechnology Laboratories</td><td>M524</td><td>Add to MS media mixture</td></tr><tr><td>MES Free Acid Monohydrate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>ICN19483580</td><td>Added to MS media to decrease pH</td></tr><tr><td>Agar Powder</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>9002-18-0</td><td>Increases thickness of media to support seed suspension</td></tr><tr><td>5M KOH</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>484016</td><td>Increases pH to adequate levels</td></tr><tr><td>1L Media Storage Bottle</td><td>Corning</td><td>1395-1L</td><td>Holds enough media for a screen</td></tr><tr><td>Polypropylene Centrifuge Tubes</td><td>Corning</td><td>431470</td><td>Sterilizes seeds prior to vernilization</td></tr><tr><td>pH Probe</td><td>Davis Instruments</td><td>YX-58825-26</td><td>Used for making media</td></tr><tr><td>ALPs (Automated Labware Positioners) Users Manual</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>PN 987836</td><td>Aids in setting up the accompaning equipment for the Biomek FX</td></tr><tr><td>Biomek 2000 Stacker Carousel Users Guide</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>609862-AA</td><td>Aids in setting up the Stacker Carousel</td></tr><tr><td>Biomek FX and FX&lt;sup&gt;P&lt;/sup&gt; Laboratory Automation Workstations Users Manual</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>PN 987834</td><td>Used to frame the Multichannel Pod</td></tr><tr><td>Biomek FXP Laboratory Automation Workstation Customer Startup Guide</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>PN B32335AB</td><td>Used to aid in setting up the Biomek FX</td></tr><tr><td>Biomek Software User&#039;s Manual</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>PN 987835</td><td>Used to set up and understand the Software</td></tr></tbody></table>

optimizing the use of a liquid handling robot to conduct a high throughput forward chemical genetics screen of arabidopsis thaliana

化学遗传学正越来越多地被用来解码植物中可能由于基因冗余或致死性而顽固于传统遗传学的特性。然而, 合成小分子具有生物活性的可能性很小;因此, 必须对数以千计的分子进行测试, 以找到感兴趣的。液体处理机器人系统的设计, 以处理大量的样本, 增加了一个化学图书馆可以筛选的速度, 除了最小化/标准化的错误。为了在拟南芥(南芥) 上实现一个5万小分子库的高通量前向化学遗传学屏幕, 开发了使用台式多通道液体处理机器人的协议, 要求最小技术人员参与。通过这些协议, 发现了3271个小分子, 导致可见的表型改变。1563种化合物导致短根, 1148 种化合物变色, 383 种化合物导致根毛和其他, 非分类, 改变, 177 化合物抑制发芽。

在解剖显微镜下, 在筛选浓度的基础上, 通过添加小分子来准确、高效地表征表型的能力, 是这种方法在拟南芥上进行化学遗传学的最终目的.当所有5万种化合物被筛选时, 观察到的表型是多种多样的, 可以分成几个不同的类 (图 2)。图 3A-f描述了在解剖显微镜下低放大率观察到的表型的例子。某些表型提供了不?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana at JoVE.com

Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana

优化液体搬运机器人对拟南芥进行高通量前化学遗传学筛选的应用

在模型植物物种 (拟南芥) 上, 对合成小分子进行了高通量筛查。该协议是为液体处理机器人开发的, 它提高了正向化学遗传学筛的速度, 加速了新的小分子对植物生理学的发现。

Chemical genetics is increasingly being employed to decode traits in plants that may be recalcitrant to traditional genetics due to gene redundancy or ...

optimizing-use-liquid-handling-robot-to-conduct-high-throughput

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana

6.6K 次观看.  University of Kentucky. 在模型植物物种 (拟南芥) 上, 对合成小分子进行了高通量筛查。该协议是为液体处理机器人开发的, 它提高了正向化学遗传学筛的速度, 加速了新的小分子对植物生理学的发现。

视频: Optimizing the Use of a Liquid Handling Robot to Conduct a High Throughput Forward Chemical Genetics Screen of Arabidopsis thaliana

A Robotic Platform for High-throughput Protoplast Isolation and Transformation

Over the last decade there has been a resurgence in the use of plant protoplasts that range from model species to crop species, for analysis of signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulatory networks, gene expression, genome-editing, and gene-silencing. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in the regeneration of plants from protoplasts, which has generated even more interest in the use of these systems for plant genomics. In this work, a protocol has been developed for automation of protoplast isolation and transformation from a &#39;Bright Yellow&#39; 2 (BY-2) tobacco suspension culture using a robotic platform. The transformation procedures were validated using an orange fluorescent protein (OFP) reporter gene (pporRFP) under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S). OFP expression in protoplasts was confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy. Analyses also included protoplast production efficiency methods using propidium iodide. Finally, low-cost food-grade enzymes were used for the protoplast isolation procedure, circumventing the need for lab-grade enzymes that are cost-prohibitive in high-throughput automated protoplast isolation and analysis. Based on the protocol developed in this work, the complete procedure from protoplast isolation to transformation can be conducted in under 4 hr, without any input from the operator. While the protocol developed in this work was validated with the BY-2 cell culture, the procedures and methods should be translatable to any plant suspension culture/protoplast system, which should enable acceleration of crop genomics research.

A high-throughput, automated, tobacco protoplast production and transformation methodology is described. The robotic system enables massively parallel gene expression and discovery in the model BY-2 system that should be translatable to non-model crops.

机器人平台的高通量原生质体分离和转型

Over the last decade there has been a resurgence in the use of plant protoplasts that range from model species to crop species, for analysis of signal ...

科研

遗传学

A Simple Method for High Throughput Chemical Screening in Caenorhabditis Elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful organism for testing chemical effects on physiology. Whole organism small molecule screens offer significant advantages for identifying biologically active chemical structures that can modify complex phenotypes such as lifespan. Described here is a simple protocol for producing hundreds of 96-well culture plates with fairly consistent numbers of C. elegans in each well. Next, we specified how to use these cultures to screen thousands of chemicals for effects on the lifespan of the nematode C. elegans. This protocol makes use of temperature sensitive sterile strains, agar plate conditions, and simple animal handling to facilitate the rapid and high throughput production of synchronized animal cultures for screening.

A Simple Method for High Throughput Chemical Screening in Caenorhabditis Elegans

Here we describe a simple protocol for rapidly producing hundreds of nematode growth media agar, 96-well culture plates with consistent numbers of Caenorhhabditis elegans per well. These cultures are useful for the phenotypic screening of whole organisms. We focus here on using these cultures to screen chemicals for pro-longevity effects.

一种简单的高通量化学筛选方法在秀丽线虫中的应用

Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful organism for testing chemical effects on physiology. Whole organism small molecule screens offer significant advantages ...

生物化学

Scalable High Throughput Selection From  Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

The demand for antibodies that fulfill the needs of both basic and clinical research applications is high and will dramatically increase in the future. However, it is apparent that traditional monoclonal technologies are not alone up to this task. This has led to the development of alternate methods to satisfy the demand for high quality and renewable affinity reagents to all accessible elements of the proteome. Toward this end, high throughput methods for conducting selections from phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries have been devised for applications involving diverse antigens and optimized for rapid throughput and success. Herein, a protocol is described in detail that illustrates with video demonstration the parallel selection of Fab-phage clones from high diversity libraries against hundreds of targets using either a manual 96 channel liquid handler or automated robotics system. Using this protocol, a single user can generate hundreds of antigens, select antibodies to them in parallel and validate antibody binding within 6-8 weeks. Highlighted are: i) a viable antigen format, ii) pre-selection antigen characterization, iii) critical steps that influence the selection of specific and high affinity clones, and iv) ways of monitoring selection effectiveness and early stage antibody clone characterization. With this approach, we have obtained synthetic antibody fragments (Fabs) to many target classes including single-pass membrane receptors, secreted protein hormones, and multi-domain intracellular proteins. These fragments are readily converted to full-length antibodies and have been validated to exhibit high affinity and specificity. Further, they have been demonstrated to be functional in a variety of standard immunoassays including Western blotting, ELISA, cellular immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and related assays. This methodology will accelerate antibody discovery and ultimately bring us closer to realizing the goal of generating renewable, high quality antibodies to the proteome.

A method is described with visual accompaniment for conducting scalable, high throughput selections from phage-displayed combinatorial synthetic antibody libraries against hundreds of antigens simultaneously. Using this parallel approach, we have isolated antibody fragments that exhibit high affinity and specificity for diverse antigens that are functional in standard immunoassays.

可扩展的高通量选择从噬菌体展示合成抗体库

The demand for antibodies that fulfill the needs of both basic and clinical research applications is high and will dramatically increase in the future. ...

免疫与感染

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Recent advances in modular DNA assembly techniques have enabled synthetic biologists to test significantly more of the available &#34;design space&#34; represented by &#34;devices&#34; created as combinations of individual genetic components. However, manual assembly of such large numbers of devices is time-intensive, error-prone, and costly. The increasing sophistication and scale of synthetic biology research necessitates an efficient, reproducible way to accommodate large-scale, complex, and high throughput device construction.
Here, a DNA assembly protocol using the Type-IIS restriction endonuclease based Modular Cloning (MoClo) technique is automated on two liquid-handling robotic platforms. Automated liquid-handling robots require careful, often times tedious optimization of pipetting parameters for liquids of different viscosities (e.g. enzymes, DNA, water, buffers), as well as explicit programming to ensure correct aspiration and dispensing of DNA parts and reagents. This makes manual script writing for complex assemblies just as problematic as manual DNA assembly, and necessitates a software tool that can automate script generation. To this end, we have developed a web-based software tool, http://mocloassembly.com, for generating combinatorial DNA device libraries from basic DNA parts uploaded as Genbank files. We provide access to the tool, and an export file from our liquid handler software which includes optimized liquid classes, labware parameters, and deck layout. All DNA parts used are available through Addgene, and their digital maps can be accessed via the Boston University BDC ICE Registry. Together, these elements provide a foundation for other organizations to automate modular cloning experiments and similar protocols.
The automated DNA assembly workflow presented here enables the repeatable, automated, high-throughput production of DNA devices, and reduces the risk of human error arising from repetitive manual pipetting. Sequencing data show the automated DNA assembly reactions generated from this workflow are ~95% correct and require as little as 4% as much hands-on time, compared to manual reaction preparation.

Here, an automated workflow to perform modular DNA &#34;device&#34; assembly using a modular cloning DNA assembly method on liquid-handling robots is presented. The protocol uses an intuitive software tool for generating liquid handler picklists for combinatorial DNA device library generation, which we demonstrate using two liquid handling platforms.

模块化 DNA 设备的自动机器人液体处理组件

Recent advances in modular DNA assembly techniques have enabled synthetic biologists to test significantly more of the available &#34;design space&#34; ...

生物工程

蛋白质结晶的高通量筛选

High-Throughput Screening to Obtain Crystal Hits for Protein Crystallography

X-ray crystallography is the most commonly employed technique to discern macromolecular structures, but the crucial step of crystallizing a protein into an ordered lattice amenable to diffraction remains challenging. The crystallization of biomolecules is largely experimentally defined, and this process can be labor-intensive and prohibitive to researchers at resource-limited institutions. At the National High-Throughput Crystallization (HTX) Center, highly reproducible methods have been implemented to facilitate crystal growth, including an automated high-throughput 1,536-well microbatch-under-oil plate setup designed to sample a wide breadth of crystallization parameters. Plates are monitored using state-of-the-art imaging modalities over the course of 6 weeks to provide insight into crystal growth, as well as to accurately distinguish valuable crystal hits. Furthermore, the implementation of a trained artificial intelligence scoring algorithm for identifying crystal hits, coupled with an open-source, user-friendly interface for viewing experimental images, streamlines the process of analyzing crystal growth images. Here, the key procedures and instrumentation are described for the preparation of the cocktails and crystallization plates, imaging the plates, and identifying hits in a way that ensures reproducibility and increases the likelihood of successful crystallization.

作者聚焦：高通量筛选以获得蛋白质晶体学的晶体命中  

This protocol details high-throughput crystallization screening, ranging from the 1,536 microassay plate preparation to the end of a 6 week experimental time window. Details are included about the sample setup, the imaging obtained, and how users can perform analyses using an artificial intelligence-enabled graphical user interface to quickly and efficiently identify macromolecular crystallization conditions.

高通量筛选以获得用于蛋白质晶体学的晶体命中

X-ray crystallography is the most commonly employed technique to discern macromolecular structures, but the crucial step of crystallizing a protein into ...

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

A core business in industrial biotechnology using microbial production cell factories is the iterative process of strain engineering and optimization of bioprocess conditions. One important aspect is the improvement of cultivation medium to provide an optimal environment for microbial formation of the product of interest. It is well accepted that the media composition can dramatically influence overall bioprocess performance. Nutrition medium optimization is known to improve recombinant protein production with microbial systems and thus, this is a rewarding step in bioprocess development. However, very often standard media recipes are taken from literature, since tailor-made design of the cultivation medium is a tedious task that demands microbioreactor technology for sufficient cultivation throughput, fast product analytics, as well as support by lab robotics to enable reliability in liquid handling steps. Furthermore, advanced mathematical methods are required for rationally analyzing measurement data and efficiently designing parallel experiments such as to achieve optimal information content.
The generic nature of the presented protocol allows for easy adaption to different lab equipment, other expression hosts, and target proteins of interest, as well as further bioprocess parameters. Moreover, other optimization objectives like protein production rate, specific yield, or product quality can be chosen to fit the scope of other optimization studies. The applied Kriging Toolbox (KriKit) is a general tool for Design of Experiments (DOE) that contributes to improved holistic bioprocess optimization. It also supports multi-objective optimization which can be important in optimizing both upstream and downstream processes.

This manuscript describes a generic approach for tailor-made design of microbial cultivation media. This is enabled by an iterative workflow combining Kriging-based experimental design and microbioreactor technology for sufficient cultivation throughput, which is supported by lab robotics to increase reliability and speed in liquid handling media preparation.

利用自动 Microbioreactor 技术优化异种蛋白质生产的通用协议

A core business in industrial biotechnology using microbial production cell factories is the iterative process of strain engineering and optimization of ...

High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most widely used expression system for the production of recombinant proteins for structural and functional studies. However, purifying proteins is sometimes challenging since many proteins are expressed in an insoluble form. When working with difficult or multiple targets it is therefore recommended to use high throughput (HTP) protein expression screening on a small scale (1-4&#160;ml cultures) to quickly identify conditions for soluble expression. To cope with the various structural genomics programs of the lab, a quantitative (within a range of 0.1-100 mg/L culture of recombinant protein) and HTP protein expression screening protocol was implemented and validated on thousands of proteins. The protocols were automated with the use of a liquid handling robot but can also be performed manually without specialized equipment.
Disulfide-rich venom proteins are gaining increasing recognition for their potential as therapeutic drug leads. They can be highly potent and selective, but their complex disulfide bond networks make them challenging to produce. As a member of the FP7 European Venomics project (<a href="http://www.venomics.eu">www.venomics.eu</a>), our challenge is to develop successful production strategies with the aim of producing thousands of novel venom proteins for functional characterization. Aided by the redox properties of disulfide bond isomerase DsbC, we adapted our HTP production pipeline for the expression of oxidized, functional venom peptides in the E. coli cytoplasm. The protocols are also applicable to the production of diverse disulfide-rich proteins. Here we demonstrate our pipeline applied to the production of animal venom proteins. With the protocols described herein it is likely that soluble disulfide-rich proteins will be obtained in as little as a week. Even from a small scale, there is the potential to use the purified proteins for validating the oxidation state by mass spectrometry, for characterization in pilot studies, or for sensitive micro-assays.

High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli

A protocol for the quantitative, high throughput expression screening and analytical purification of fusion proteins from small-scale Escherichia coli cultures is described and applied to the expression of disulfide-rich animal venom protein targets.

高通量定量表达筛选与纯化应用到重组二硫键丰富的蛇毒蛋白产于<em&gt; E。大肠杆菌</em

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most widely used expression system for the production of recombinant proteins for structural and functional studies. ...

生物学

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation have a profound impact on genes expression. However, commonly adopted cell-based screening assays focus on transcriptional regulation, being essentially aimed at the identification of promoter-targeting molecules. As a result, post-transcriptional mechanisms are largely uncovered by gene expression targeted drug development. Here we describe a cell-based assay aimed at investigating the role of the 3&#39; untranslated region (3&#8217; UTR) in the modulation of the fate of its mRNA, and at identifying compounds able to modify it. The assay is based on the use of a luciferase reporter construct containing the 3&#8217; UTR of a gene of interest stably integrated into a disease-relevant cell line. The protocol is divided into two parts, with the initial focus on the primary screening aimed at the identification of molecules affecting luciferase activity after 24 hr of treatment. The second part of the protocol describes the counter-screening necessary to discriminate compounds modulating luciferase activity specifically through the 3&#8217; UTR. In addition to the detailed protocol and representative results, we provide important considerations about the assay development and the validation of the hit(s) on the endogenous target. The described cell-based reporter gene assay will allow scientists to identify molecules modulating protein levels via post-transcriptional mechanisms dependent on a 3&#8217; UTR.

Here we describe a cell-based reporter gene assay as a valuable tool to screen chemical libraries for compounds modulating post-transcriptional control mechanisms exerted through 3&#8217; UTR.

高通量筛选转录后调控基因的化学调节剂

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation have a profound impact on genes expression. However, commonly adopted cell-based screening assays ...

优化液体搬运机器人对拟南芥进行高通量前化学遗传学筛选的应用

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高通量定量表达筛选与纯化应用到重组二硫键丰富的蛇毒蛋白产于

高通量筛选转录后调控基因的化学调节剂