我们感谢 Tuschl 博士, RNA 分子生物学实验室的主任, 以及他的实验室成员的支持和分享在他的实验室开发的技术, 并提供进入 RNAworld 管道。我们还感谢马库斯. Hafner 博士分享他的协议, 并详细描述了他的最初程序中使用的所有生化和酶步骤。

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作者希望披露一份载有本手稿中的一些数据的出版物是在《国际分子科学杂志》上发表的, Loudig et 。21。

本文提出了一种高重现性和健壮性的 cDNA 文库制备方法, 用于在 FFPE RNA 标本中存档的小 rna, 该协议是 Hafner et . 所描述的程序的修改和优化版本。22
本协议的所有步骤都已经过优化, 可用于从 FFPE 标本中恢复的较旧的存档和已损坏的总 RNA。该协议的关键步骤, 用于处理少量的 FFPE rna, 驻留在与18唯一3条形码适配器单独结扎后的所有 rna 样本 (即, 18 ?...

miRNAs 在福尔马林固定石蜡嵌入 (FFPE) 标本中保存得非常好,1,2,3。以往的研究表明, 这些短的监管非编码单链 rna 分子的表达可以成功地评估使用总 RNA 从 FFPE 样本, 并提供相关的基因表达数据时, 与原始新鲜组织4,5,6,7,8。当与大尺寸信使 rna 相比, 这已被证明是严重影响的 FFPE 组织处理 (甲醛, 热, 脱水,等), 内源性 RNases, 和年龄的标本, 小规模的 miRNAs (~ 18–24核苷酸) 似乎使它们耐降解和弹性的长期储存, 也证明通过 miRNA 表达研究, 优于高通量 mRNA 研究的存档标本9。miRNA 表达研究使用已存档的临床标本, 主要是在小规模分析中进行的, 证明了单一或多路定量 PCR 检测, 不同类型的微阵列技术, 最近的用于评估保存的 miRNAs 在这些化验的优化后的表达式10,11,12,13,14。
鉴于 miRNA 表达的失调与各种人类恶性肿瘤的发展有关, 而且有可能大量提供临床上标注的存档标本, 这已经变得明显, 这些小 RNA分子代表了潜在的癌症标志物的一个有希望的来源15,16,17,18。使用高通量基因表达技术 (如 miRNA) 的优点是, 当与 PCR 和/或微阵列19的目标技术相比较时, 可以对所有的转录记录进行全局评估。由于这个原因, 一个优化的, 负担得起的和易于适用的基因 cDNA 文库的协议, 从较旧的存档标本中制备小 rna 的方法进行了优化, 以实现大规模的回顾性研究20。
我们以前建立了一个同时 rna/dna 提取协议, 以分离恢复的 rna 和 dna 从旧的存档标本, 我们发现优于当代商业套件21。利用该提取协议, 从存档的 FFPE 组织中获取总 RNA, 对临床标本中保存的 miRNAs 的基因文库进行了35年的优化制备。此外, 在最近发表的一项研究中, 我们从临床分类导管癌原位(DCIS) 标本中制备了 cDNA 文库, 我们确定了定量 PCR 验证的差异表达 miRNAs, 表明这种特定的 miRNA 表达的变化可能是可检测到 DCIS 病变的患者谁发展乳腺癌时相比, DCIS 病变的病人谁不发展乳腺癌。
考虑到制作小 RNA cDNA 文库的商业套件的成本, 其终止的可能性, 以及使用版权/专利保护的试剂, 无法优化, 我们决定调整以前出版的基于实验室和无试剂盒的 3 ' 条形码 cDNA 文库在 FFPE 标本中存档的小 rna 的制备方案, 允许同时分析18个样本22。该议定书提供了一个理想和稳健的分步程序, 具有视觉和技术评估检查点, 这对于适应 FFPE RNA 标本是至关重要的, 并且具有很强的应用潜力, 可用于其他来源的损害或困难使用 RNA 材料。通过使用荧光 (例如、SYBR 金) 可检测到大型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上结扎库的放射性标记尺寸标记, 改进了原始协议的适用性。这一优化的协议依赖于 3 ' 条形码适配器结扎18个单独的 FFPE RNA 标本, 然后汇集在一起进行 5 ' 适配器结扎, 反向转录, 和一个先导 PCR 分析, 以量身定制放大最终 cDNA图书馆在大规模的 PCR 放大, 纯化, 并在高通量排序器。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1% Triton x-100</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>HFH10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mM ATP</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM8110G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10X dNTPs</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM8110G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x TBE</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15581044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>14M Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>O3445I-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 nt ladder</td>
			<td>Jena Bioscience</td>
			<td>M-232S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20mg/ml Bovine Serum Albumine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B8894-5ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50X Titanium Taq</td>
			<td>Clontech Laboratories</td>
			<td>639208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium Persulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>7727-54-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BRL Vertical Gel Electrophoresis System with glass plates and combs</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>V16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9170-5VL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf microcentrifuge 5424R</td>
			<td>USA scientific</td>
			<td>4054-4537Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppndorf Thermomixer</td>
			<td>USA scientific</td>
			<td>4053-8223Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisherbrand&#8482; Siliconized Low-Retention Microcentrifuge Tubes 1.5ml</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-681-320</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel Breaker Tube 0.5 ml</td>
			<td>IST Engineering Inc,</td>
			<td>3388-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel electrophoresis apparatus 7cm x10cm- Mini-sub Cell GT with gel trays and combs</td>
			<td>Biorad</td>
			<td>1704446</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycoblue</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jersey-Cote</td>
			<td>LabScientific, Inc</td>
			<td>1188</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KcL 2M</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9640G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2 1M</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9530G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Minifuge dual rotor personal centrifuge</td>
			<td>USA scientific</td>
			<td>2641-0016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model V16 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis apparatus, glasses, combs, and spacers</td>
			<td>Ciore Life Science</td>
			<td>21070010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oligonucleotides</td>
			<td>IDT</td>
			<td>Defined during order</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Owl EasyCast B2 mini electrophoresis system- with gel trays and combs</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>B2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qiaquick Gel Extraction kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28704</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Restriction enzyme PmeI</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>R0560S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNase-free water</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9932</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Safe Imager 2.0</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>G6600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Safe Imager 2.0 blue light transilluminator</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>G6600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SeaKem LE agarose</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>50002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superscript III reverse transcription kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>18080-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SybrGold</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>S11494</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 RNA Ligase 1</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>M0204S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 RNA Ligase 2 Truncated K227Q</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>0351L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TEMED</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>O3446I-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Themocycler with heated lid</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystem</td>
			<td>4359659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris 1M pH 7.5</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15567027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris 1M pH8.0</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9855G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UltraPure Sequagel system concentrate, diluent, and buffer</td>
			<td>National Diagnostics</td>
			<td>EC-833</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

retrospective microrna sequencing: complementary dna library preparation protocol using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded rna specimens

–Archived, 临床分类的福尔马林固定石蜡 (FFPE) 组织可以提供核酸的回顾性分子研究癌症的发展。通过使用晚期侵袭性疾病患者的非侵袭性或前恶性病变, 基因表达分析可以帮助识别易患癌症风险的早期分子改变。已经很好的描述, 从 FFPE 组织恢复的核酸发生了严重的物理损伤和化学修饰, 这使得他们的分析困难, 一般需要适应的化验。MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 但是, 它代表了一个小类 RNA 分子跨越只有18–24核苷酸, 已被证明经得起长期储存, 并已成功地分析了 FFPE 样品。在这里, 我们提出了一个 3 ' 条形码互补 DNA (cDNA) 库准备协议, 专门为分析从存档组织提取的小 rna, 最近证明是健壮的和高度重复使用存档临床标本贮存35年。此库准备很好地适应了被破坏/退化材料的多重分析, 其中 RNA 样品 (最多 18) 被结扎与单独 3 ' 条形码适配器, 然后汇集在一起为随后酵素和生化准备在分析之前。所有纯化都是由聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (页), 它允许大小特定的选择和充实的条形码小 RNA 品种。这种 cDNA 文库的制备很好地适应了微小的 RNA 输入, 作为一个先导聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 允许确定一个特定的放大周期, 以产生最佳数量的材料, 为下一代测序 ()。这一方法的优化, 以使用退化的 FFPE RNA 的标本归档了长达35年, 并提供了高度重现性的数据。

如本方法所述, 共有18个单独的 FFPE RNA 样本 (每100个) 被设置在单独的管中, 接受 3 ' adenylated 条形码寡核苷酸 T4 结扎过夜。第二天, 酶反应是热停用, 组合, 并沉淀在一个单一的管。rna 颗粒是悬浮和结扎 rna 分子分离在15% 变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶 (页), 其中 RNA 寡核苷酸大小标记迁移在相邻的水井的页面凝胶, 用于选择适当大小的 3 ' 条形码小 rna (图 2)。切除...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Retrospective MicroRNA Sequencing: Complementary DNA Library Preparation Protocol Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RNA Specimens at JoVE.com

Retrospective MicroRNA Sequencing: Complementary DNA Library Preparation Protocol Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RNA Specimens

福尔马林固定石蜡镶嵌标本是人类疾病分子生物标志物的宝贵来源。在这里, 我们提出了一个基于实验室的 cDNA 文库准备协议, 最初是用新鲜的冷冻 RNA 设计的, 并对35年内储存的 microRNAs 进行了优化分析。

回顾性 MicroRNA 排序: 用福尔马林固定石蜡嵌入 RNA 标本补充 DNA 文库制备协议

&#8211;Archived, clinically classified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues can provide nucleic acids for retrospective molecular studies of ...

retrospective-microrna-sequencing-complementary-dna-library

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

9.3K 次观看.  Hackensack University Medical Center. 福尔马林固定石蜡镶嵌标本是人类疾病分子生物标志物的宝贵来源。在这里, 我们提出了一个基于实验室的 cDNA 文库准备协议, 最初是用新鲜的冷冻 RNA 设计的, 并对35年内储存的 microRNAs 进行了优化分析。

视频: Retrospective MicroRNA Sequencing: Complementary DNA Library Preparation Protocol Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RNA Specimens

Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues

Methylation is one of the essential epigenetic modifications to the DNA, which is responsible for the precise regulation of genes required for stable development and differentiation of different tissue types. Dysregulation of this process is often the hallmark of various diseases like cancer. Here, we outline one of the recent sequencing techniques, Methyl-Binding DNA Capture sequencing (MBDCap-seq), used to quantify methylation in various normal and disease tissues for large patient cohorts. We describe a detailed protocol of this affinity enrichment approach along with a bioinformatics pipeline to achieve optimal quantification. This technique has been used to sequence hundreds of patients across various cancer types as a part of the 1,000 methylome project (Cancer Methylome System).

Here we present a protocol to investigate genome wide DNA methylation in large scale clinical patient screening studies using the Methyl-Binding DNA Capture sequencing (MBDCap-seq or MBD-seq) technology and the subsequent bioinformatics analysis pipeline.

为患者组织甲基结合DNA序列捕获

Methylation is one of the essential epigenetic modifications to the DNA, which is responsible for the precise regulation of genes required for stable ...

科研

遗传学

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Knowing how RNAs interact with themselves and with others is key to understanding RNA based gene regulation in the cell. While examples of RNA-RNA interactions such as microRNA-mRNA interactions have been shown to regulate gene expression, the full extent to which RNA interactions occur in the cell is still unknown. Previous methods to study RNA interactions have primarily focused on subsets of RNAs that are interacting with a particular protein or RNA species. Here, we detail a method named Sequencing of Psoralen crosslinked, Ligated, and Selected Hybrids (SPLASH) that allows genome-wide capture of RNA interactions in vivo in an unbiased manner. SPLASH utilizes in vivo crosslinking, proximity ligation, and high throughput sequencing to identify intramolecular and intermolecular RNA base-pairing partners globally. SPLASH can be applied to different organisms including bacteria, yeast and human cells, as well as diverse cellular conditions to facilitate the understanding of the dynamics of RNA organization under diverse cellular contexts. The entire experimental SPLASH protocol takes about 5 days to complete and the computational workflow takes about 7 days to complete.

Here, we detail the method of Sequencing of Psoralen crosslinked, Ligated, and Selected Hybrids (SPLASH), which enables genome-wide mapping of intramolecular and intermolecular RNA-RNA interactions in vivo. SPLASH can be applied to study RNA interactomes of organisms including yeast, bacteria and humans.

使用生物素化补骨脂素全球定位RNA-RNA相互作用

Knowing how RNAs interact with themselves and with others is key to understanding RNA based gene regulation in the cell. While examples of RNA-RNA ...

Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA

One method extensively used for the quantification of gene expression changes and transcript abundances is reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). It provides accurate, sensitive, reliable, and reproducible results. Several factors can affect the sensitivity and specificity of RT-qPCR. Residual genomic DNA (gDNA) contaminating RNA samples is one of them. In gene expression analysis, non-specific amplification due to gDNA contamination will overestimate the abundance of transcript levels and can affect the RT-qPCR results. Generally, gDNA is detected by qRT-PCR using primer pairs annealing to intergenic regions or an intron of the gene of interest. Unfortunately, intron/exon annotations are not yet known for all genes from vertebrate, bacteria, protist, fungi, plant, and invertebrate metazoan species.
Here we present a protocol for detection of gDNA contamination in RNA samples by using ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based primers. The method is based on the unique features of rDNA: their multigene nature, highly conserved sequences, and high frequency in the genome. Also as a case study, a unique set of primers were designed based on the conserved region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the Poaceae family. The universality of these primer pairs was tested by melt curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Although our method explains how rDNA-based primers can be applied for the gDNA contamination assay in the Poaceae family,&#160;it could be easily used to other prokaryote and eukaryote species

Here, we present a protocol for tracing genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination in RNA samples. The presented method utilizes primers specific for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes. The method is suited for reliable and sensitive detection of DNA contamination in most eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

基于核糖体 dna 的 RNA 样本 dna 污染评价

One method extensively used for the quantification of gene expression changes and transcript abundances is reverse-transcription quantitative real-time ...

A Universal Protocol for Large-scale gRNA Library Production from any DNA Source

The popularity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for both genome and epigenome engineering stems from its simplicity and adaptability. An effector (the Cas9 nuclease or a nuclease-dead dCas9 fusion protein) is targeted to a specific site in the genome by a small synthetic RNA known as the guide RNA, or gRNA. The bipartite nature of the CRISPR system enables its use in screening approaches since plasmid libraries containing expression cassettes of thousands of individual gRNAs can be used to interrogate many different sites in a single experiment. 
To date, gRNA sequences for the construction of libraries have been almost exclusively generated by oligonucleotide synthesis, which limits the achievable complexity of sequences in the library and is relatively cost-intensive. Here, a detailed protocol for CORALINA (comprehensive gRNA library generation through controlled nuclease activity), a simple and cost-effective method for the generation of highly complex gRNA libraries based on enzymatic digestion of input DNA, is described. Since CORALINA libraries can be generated from any source of DNA, plenty of options for customization exist, enabling a large variety of CRISPR-based screens.

Methods for generating large-scale gRNA libraries should be simple, efficient and cost-effective. We describe a protocol for the production of gRNA libraries based on enzymatic digestion of target DNA. This method, CORALINA (comprehensive gRNA library generation through controlled nuclease activity) presents an alternative to costly custom oligonucleotide synthesis.

一种从任意 DNA 源进行大规模 gRNA 库生产的通用协议

The popularity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for both genome and epigenome engineering stems from its simplicity and adaptability. An effector (the Cas9 ...

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

Herbaria are an invaluable source of plant material that can be used in a variety of biological studies. The use of herbarium specimens is associated with a number of challenges including sample preservation quality, degraded DNA, and destructive sampling of rare specimens. In order to more effectively use herbarium material in large sequencing projects, a dependable and scalable method of DNA isolation and library preparation is needed. This paper demonstrates a robust, beginning-to-end protocol for DNA isolation and high-throughput library construction from herbarium specimens that does not require modification for individual samples. This protocol is tailored for low quality dried plant material and takes advantage of existing methods by optimizing tissue grinding, modifying library size selection, and introducing an optional reamplification step for low yield libraries. Reamplification of low yield DNA libraries can rescue samples derived from irreplaceable and potentially valuable herbarium specimens, negating the need for additional destructive sampling and without introducing discernible sequencing bias for common phylogenetic applications. The protocol has been tested on hundreds of grass species, but is expected to be adaptable for use in other plant lineages after verification. This protocol can be limited by extremely degraded DNA, where fragments do not exist in the desired size range, and by secondary metabolites present in some plant material that inhibit clean DNA isolation. Overall, this protocol introduces a fast and comprehensive method that allows for DNA isolation and library preparation of 24 samples in less than 13 h, with only 8 h of active hands-on time with minimal modifications.

This article demonstrates a detailed protocol for DNA isolation and high-throughput sequencing library construction from herbarium material including rescue of exceptionally poor-quality DNA.

植物标本标本的鲁棒 DNA 分离与高通量测序库建设

Herbaria are an invaluable source of plant material that can be used in a variety of biological studies. The use of herbarium specimens is associated with ...

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Conventional next-generation sequencing techniques (NGS) have allowed for immense genomic characterization for over a decade. Specifically, NGS has been used to analyze the spectrum of clonal mutations in malignancy. Though far more efficient than traditional Sanger methods, NGS struggles with identifying rare clonal and subclonal mutations due to its high error rate of ~0.5&#8211;2.0%. Thus, standard NGS has a limit of detection for mutations that are &#62;0.02 variant allele fraction (VAF). While the clinical significance for mutations this rare in patients without known disease remains unclear, patients treated for leukemia have significantly improved outcomes when residual disease is &#60;0.0001 by flow cytometry. In order to mitigate this artefactual background of NGS, numerous methods have been developed. Here we describe a method for Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing (ECS), which involves tagging individual molecules with both a 16 bp random index for error-correction and an 8 bp patient-specific index for multiplexing. Our method can detect and track clonal mutations at variant allele fractions (VAFs) two orders of magnitude lower than the detection limit of NGS and as rare as 0.0001 VAF.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool for genomic characterization that is limited by the high error rate of the platform (~0.5&#8211;2.0%). We describe our methods of error-corrected sequencing that allow us to obviate the NGS error rate and detect mutations at variant allele fractions as rare as 0.0001.

基于纠错 DNA 和 RNA 测序的稀有事件检测方法

Conventional next-generation sequencing techniques (NGS) have allowed for immense genomic characterization for over a decade. Specifically, NGS has been ...

Ultralow Input Genome Sequencing Library Preparation from a Single Tardigrade Specimen

Tardigrades are microscopic animals that enter an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis when facing desiccation and can return to their original state when water is supplied. The genomic sequencing of microscopic animals such as tardigrades risks bacterial contamination that sometimes leads to erroneous interpretations, for example, regarding the extent of horizontal gene transfer in these animals. Here, we provide an ultralow input method to sequence the genome of the tardigrade, Hypsibius dujardini, from a single specimen. By employing rigorous washing and contaminant exclusion along with an efficient extraction of the 50 ~ 200 pg genomic DNA from a single individual, we constructed a library sequenced with a DNA sequencing instrument. These libraries were highly reproducible and unbiased, and an informatics analysis of the sequenced reads with other H. dujardini genomes showed a minimal amount of contamination. This method can be applied to unculturable tardigrades that could not be sequenced using previous methods.

Contamination during the genomic sequencing of microscopic organisms remains a large problem. Here, we show a method to sequence the genome of a tardigrade from a single specimen with as little as 50 pg of genomic DNA without whole genome amplification to minimize the risk of contamination.

单缓步动物标本的超低输入基因组测序库制备

Tardigrades are microscopic animals that enter an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis when facing desiccation and can return to their original state ...

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Sequencing in remote locations and resource-poor settings presents unique challenges. Nanopore sequencing can be successfully used under such conditions, and was deployed to West Africa during the recent Ebola virus epidemic, highlighting this possibility. In addition to its practical advantages (low cost, ease of equipment transport and use), this technology also provides fundamental advantages over second-generation sequencing approaches, particularly the very long read length, ability to directly sequence RNA, and real-time availability of data. Raw read accuracy is lower than with other sequencing platforms, which represents the main limitation of this technology; however, this can be partially mitigated by the high read depth generated. Here, we present a field-compatible protocol for sequencing of the mRNAs encoding for Niemann-Pick C1, which is the cellular receptor for ebolaviruses. This protocol encompasses extraction of RNA from animal blood samples, followed by RT-PCR for target enrichment, barcoding, library preparation, and the sequencing run itself, and can be easily adapted for use with other DNA or RNA targets.

Nanopore sequencing is a novel technology that allows cost-effective sequencing in remote locations and resource-poor settings. Here, we present a protocol for sequencing of mRNAs from whole blood that is compatible with such conditions.

纳米测序全血 mRNA 测序

Sequencing in remote locations and resource-poor settings presents unique challenges. Nanopore sequencing can be successfully used under such conditions, ...

An In Vitro Protocol for Evaluating MicroRNA Levels, Functions, and Associated Target Genes in Tumor Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs which are recognized to modulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways in several diseases including cancers. These small regulatory RNAs mainly interact with the 3&#8217; untranslated regions (3&#8217; UTR) of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) ultimately resulting in the inhibition of decoding processes of mRNAs and the augmentation of target mRNA degradations. Based on the expression levels and intracellular functions, miRNAs are able to serve as regulatory factors of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive mRNAs. Identification of bona fide target genes of a miRNA among hundreds or even thousands of computationally predicted targets is a crucial step to discern the roles and basic molecular mechanisms of a miRNA of interest. Various miRNA target prediction programs are available to search possible miRNA-mRNA interactions. However, the most challenging question is how to validate direct target genes of a miRNA of interest. This protocol describes a reproducible strategy of key methods on how to identify miRNA targets related to the function of a miRNA. This protocol presents a practical guide on step-by-step procedures to uncover miRNA levels, functions, and related target mRNAs using the probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay following a miRNA mimic transfection, dose-response curve generation, and luciferase assay along with the cloning of 3&#8217; UTR of a gene, which is necessary for proper understanding of the roles of individual miRNAs.

This protocol uses a probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, 3&#8217; untranslated regions (3&#8217; UTR) cloning, and a luciferase assay to verify the target genes of a miRNA of interest and to understand the functions of miRNAs.

用于评估肿瘤细胞中的微RNA水平、功能和相关靶基因的体外协议

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs which are recognized to modulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways in several diseases including ...

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Pancreatic islets comprise of endocrine cells with distinctive hormone expression patterns. The endocrine cells show functional differences in response to normal and pathological conditions. The goal of this protocol is to generate high-quality, large-scale transcriptome data of each endocrine cell type with the use of a droplet-based microfluidic single-cell RNA sequencing technology. Such data can be utilized to build the gene expression profile of each endocrine cell type in normal or specific conditions. The process requires careful handling, accurate measurement, and rigorous quality control. In this protocol, we describe detailed steps for human pancreatic islets dissociation, sequencing, and data analysis. The representative results of about 20,000 human single islet cells demonstrate the successful application of the protocol.

Here, we present a protocol to generate high-quality, large-scale transcriptome data of single cells from isolated human pancreatic islets using a droplet-based microfluidic single-cell RNA sequencing technology.

人类胰腺胰岛的单细胞RNA测序与分析

Pancreatic islets comprise of endocrine cells with distinctive hormone expression patterns. The endocrine cells show functional differences in response to ...