我们感谢中国国家自然科学基金 (21703104)、江苏省科技计划 (SBK2017041514) 南京理工大学 (39837131) 的财政支持, 以及江苏国家协同 SICAM 奖学金。先进材料创新中心。

注意: 请检查化学品的材料安全数据表 (MSDS), 以详细处理和储存指示。请小心处理纳米材料, 因为可能有不明风险。请在通风罩内进行实验, 并佩戴适当的个人防护设备。
1. 种子纳米粒子的合成
注: 为避免在纳米粒子合成过程中过早成核造成的失败, 请用清水冲洗玻璃器皿和搅拌棒 , 并用水彻底冲洗。
<ol><li>3-5 纳米金纳米粒子的合成<ol>
<li>制备氢氯金酸 (III.) (HAuCl4) 溶液, 溶解10毫克 HAuCl4∙3H2O 在1毫升去离子水 (DI 水) 在4毫升瓶。吸管0.197 毫升的 HAuCl4溶液成50毫升的圆底烧瓶。</li>
		<li>将19.7 毫升的 DI 水添加到烧瓶中稀释 HAuCl4溶液。</li>
		<li>将10毫克柠檬酸钠溶于1毫升的 DI 水中, 再用4毫升的小瓶, 准备1% 柠檬酸钠溶液。添加0.147 毫升的1% 柠檬酸钠溶液的稀释 HAuCl4溶液中制备的步骤1.1.2。</li>
		<li>通过将2.3 毫克的 NaBH4溶解于0.1 米的硼氢化钠 (NaBH4) 溶液, 在0.6 毫升的 DI 水中溶化。</li>
		<li>快速注入0.6 毫升0.1 米 NaBH4溶液的混合物从步骤1.1.3 在剧烈搅拌。检查解决方案的直接颜色变化从淡黄色到明亮的橙色。</li>
		<li>将混合物搅拌10分钟, 等待溶液的渐变颜色变红橙。</li>
		<li>用紫外-可见光谱和扫描电镜 (SEM) 确定获得的 Au 纳米粒子的尺寸。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>15和40纳米 Au 纳米粒子的合成<ol>
<li>在250毫升的圆底烧瓶中加入100毫升的 DI 水。重10毫克的 HAuCl4∙3H2O 固体和溶解它在圆底烧瓶。</li>
		<li>在烧瓶中加入一个磁力搅拌棒, 并用冷凝器装备烧瓶。在油浴中搅拌并加热1.2.1 到100摄氏度的溶液。回流溶液10分钟。</li>
		<li>重40毫克柠檬酸钠, 并将其溶解在4毫升的 DI 水中, 以制备1% 柠檬酸钠溶液。</li>
		<li>合成15纳米 Au 纳米粒子, 加入3毫升的1% 柠檬酸钠溶液从步骤1.2.3 到煮沸的混合物与注射器。 注意: 溶液的颜色在1分钟内变成灰色, 然后逐渐变红。<ol>
<li>为了合成40纳米 Au 纳米粒子, 将1% 柠檬酸钠溶液中的1.5 毫升注入1.2.2 与注射器的沸点溶液中。保持溶液沸腾, 直到它在10分钟内变红。 注意: 溶液的颜色从透明变为深灰色, 然后变成黑色, 最后以紫色在1分钟左右。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>继续回流反应溶液30分钟, 冷却在室温下溶液的环境条件。</li>
		<li>用紫外-可见光谱和 SEM 表征了所得到的 Au 纳米粒子的大小和均匀性。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. 在硅 (硅) 晶片和各种基体上合成金纳米线 (长度 = ~ 500 nm)
<ol><li>制备种子吸附基材。<ol>
<li>将硅晶片切割成5毫米´5毫米片。在超声波浴中依次用 DI 水和乙醇清洁硅晶片, 每块15分钟。</li>
		<li>用 29.6 W 的 O2等离子 (操作在 220 V) 的硅晶片治疗20分钟。 注意: 晶片表面变得亲水性。</li>
		<li>5毫米 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) 溶液, 溶解11.1 毫克的 APTES, 以混合物的 DI 水 (5 毫升) 和乙醇 (5 毫升) 在20毫升瓶。</li>
		<li>在 APTES 溶液中浸泡一片硅晶片, 2.1.3 在20毫升的小瓶中制备30分钟。</li>
		<li>取出硅晶片, 用乙醇和底水彻底清洗。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>将种子纳米粒子吸附到基体上。<ol>
<li>在步骤1.1 中制备的3-5 纳米 Au 种子溶液中浸泡硅晶片2小时。<ol>
<li>从15纳米 au 种子中生长金纳米线, 在15纳米金纳米粒子溶液中浸泡硅晶片 2 h。</li>
			<li>从40纳米 au 种子中生长金纳米线, 在40纳米金纳米粒子溶液中浸泡硅晶片 2 h。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>取出硅晶片, 用50毫升的 DI 水冲洗, 除去未吸收金纳米粒子。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>生长基板绑定的 Au 纳米线。<ol>
<li>通过在4毫升乙醇中溶解2.5 毫克 10-mba, 准备1.65 毫米4巯基苯甲酸酸 (4-mba) 溶液。</li>
		<li>5.10 毫米 HAuCl4溶液溶解20.1 毫克的 HAuCl4∙3H2O 在混合物的5毫升乙醇和5毫升的 DI 水。</li>
		<li>在10毫升的 DI 水中溶解21.7 毫克 l-抗坏血酸, 制备12.3 毫米的 l-抗坏血酸溶液。</li>
		<li>混合0.5 毫升的5.10 毫米 HAuCl4溶液与0.5 毫升 1.65 mM 4-MBA 解决方案在10毫升瓶。</li>
		<li>在步进2.3.4 中制备的混合溶液中, 从步进2.2.2 中浸泡种子吸附硅晶片。</li>
		<li>将0.5 毫升的12.3 毫米 l-抗坏血酸溶液加入到晶片浸泡的混合溶液中。轻轻摇动瓶子, 均匀地混合溶液。</li>
		<li>离开晶片和解决方案不受干扰的15分钟. 检查在生长过程中气泡的形成, 以及硅晶片表面的颜色变化, 从闪亮的灰色到红褐色。</li>
		<li>取出硅晶片, 用乙醇和 DI 水冲洗。在环境条件下干燥硅晶片, 等待晶片表面转向黄金。</li>
		<li>用 SEM 表征了金纳米线的形貌。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>对于在玻璃滑轨上的 Au 纳米线的生长, Al2O3, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, 铟锡氧化物 (ITO) 和 F 掺杂的锡氧化物基板, 遵循相同的程序, 包括清洗过程。</li>
</ol>3. 不同配体的金纳米线的合成
<ol><li>用各种 thiolated 配体合成金纳米线林: 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NpSH), 4-mercaptophenylacetic 酸 (4-MPAA) 和 3-巯基苯甲酸酸 (3-MBA)。<ol>
<li>按照步骤 2.1-2.2 中的相同步骤处理硅晶片。</li>
		<li>在10毫升乙醇中溶解2.6 毫克的 2-NpSH, 制备1.65 毫米 2 NpSH 溶液。<ol>
<li>在10毫升乙醇中溶解2.8 毫克的 4-MPAA, 制备1.65 毫米 4 MPAA 溶液。</li>
			<li>通过在10毫升乙醇中溶解2.5 毫克 3-mba 课程, 准备 1.65 mM 3-mba 解决方案。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>5.10 毫米 HAuCl4溶液和12.3 毫米 l-抗坏血酸溶液在步骤 2.3. 1-2. 3.3 中遵循相同的步骤。</li>
		<li>在一个10毫升的小瓶, 混合0.5 毫升的 HAuCl4溶液与0.5 毫升的 2-NpSH 溶液, 并动摇混合物得到一个均匀的解决方案。<ol>
<li>在一个10毫升的小瓶, 混合0.5 毫升的 HAuCl4溶液与0.5 毫升的 4-MPAA 溶液, 并动摇混合物得到一个均匀的解决方案。</li>
			<li>在一个10毫升的小瓶, 混合0.5 毫升的 HAuCl4溶液与0.5 毫升 3-MBA 解决方案, 并动摇的混合物得到一个均匀的解决方案。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>添加0.5 毫升的12.3 毫米 l-抗坏血酸溶液的晶圆浸泡混合溶液。轻轻摇动瓶子, 得到一个均匀混合的溶液。</li>
		<li>离开晶片和解决方案不受干扰的15分钟. 观察硅晶片表面慢慢从闪亮的灰色变红棕色。</li>
		<li>取出硅晶片, 用乙醇和 DI 水冲洗, 在环境条件下干燥硅晶片, 直到晶片表面变成金色。</li>
		<li>用 SEM 对金纳米线森林结构进行了验证。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>混合配体的锥形金纳米线的合成。<ol>
<li>4-mba 与 3-mercaptopropanoic 酸 (3 兆帕) 混合配体增稠金纳米线的合成 (c4-mba/c3-mpa = 3:1)。<ol>
<li>在步骤 2.1-2.2 中, 除稀释种子溶液100次外, 对硅晶片进行相同的工序处理。</li>
			<li>通过在10毫升乙醇中溶解4.6 毫克 4-mba 课程, 准备 3 mM 4-mba 解决方案。</li>
			<li>在10毫升乙醇中溶解3.2 毫克3兆帕, 准备3毫米3兆帕斯卡溶液。</li>
			<li>混合0.75 毫升 3 mM 4-MBA 解决方案与0.25 毫升3毫米 3-MPA 解决方案 (在10毫升瓶。轻轻摇动, 得到一个均匀的溶液。</li>
			<li>5.10 毫米 HAuCl4溶液和12.3 毫米 l-抗坏血酸溶液在步骤 2.3. 2-2. 3.3 中遵循相同的步骤。</li>
			<li>在步骤3.2.1.4 中加入0.5 毫升的5.10 毫米 HAuCl4溶液, 并轻轻摇动以融汇溶液。</li>
			<li>在10毫升的小瓶中, 在混合溶液中浸泡3.2.1.1 的硅晶片。添加0.5 毫升的12.3 毫米 l-抗坏血酸溶液的混合溶液。</li>
			<li>10分钟后, 将硅晶片取出, 用乙醇和 DI 水冲洗。</li>
			<li>在环境条件下干燥晶片, 用 SEM 确认结构。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>合成 4-mba 和3兆帕混合配体的锥形金纳米线 (c4-mba/c3-mpa = 6:4)。在步骤3.2.1 中遵循相同的步骤, 0.6 毫升 3 mM 4-MBA 解决方案和0.4 毫升3毫米3兆帕解决方案。</li>
		<li>合成 4-mba 和3兆帕混合配体的锥形金纳米线 (c4-mba/c3-mpa = 1:1)。在步骤3.2.1 中遵循相同的步骤, 0.5 毫升 3 mM 4-MBA 解决方案和0.5 毫升3毫米3兆帕解决方案。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. 基于金纳米线的复合纳米结构的合成
<ol><li>厚薄厚薄段金纳米线的合成。<ol>
<li>按照步骤 2.1-2.2 中的相同步骤处理硅晶片。</li>
		<li>通过在10毫升乙醇中溶解2.5 毫克 4-mba 课程, 准备 1.65 mM 4-mba 解决方案。</li>
		<li>通过稀释 1.65 mm 4 mba 解决方案20次, 准备 0.0830 mm 4-mba 解决方案。</li>
		<li>按照步骤 2.3. 2-2. 3.3 中的相同步骤, 准备 HAuCl4和 l-抗坏血酸溶液。</li>
		<li>通过混合0.5 毫升 1.65 mm 4-MBA 解决方案, 0.5 毫升5.10 毫米 HAuCl4溶液和0.5 毫升 l-抗坏血酸溶液 (最终浓度: c12.3-mba = 4 毫米, cHAuCl4 = 0.550 毫米, 准备1.5 毫升的生长溶液 A, cl-抗坏血酸= 4.10 毫米)。</li>
		<li>通过混合0.5 毫升 0.0830 mM 4-MBA 解决方案, 准备1.5 毫升的生长溶液 B, 0.5 毫升5.10 毫米 HAuCl4溶液, 0.5 毫升12.3 毫米 l-抗坏血酸溶液 (最后浓度: c4-MBA = 0.0280 毫米, cHAuCl4 = 1.70 毫米, cL-抗坏血酸酸= 4.10 毫米)。</li>
		<li>将硅晶片浸入含有生长液 B 的10毫升瓶中, 约1分钟。</li>
		<li>迅速转移硅晶片不干燥到另一个10毫升的小瓶含有生长液 A, 并使其生长2分钟。</li>
		<li>重复步骤 4.1, 7-4, 1.8 再一次。</li>
		<li>将硅晶片取出, 用50毫升乙醇和50毫升的 DI 水冲洗。</li>
		<li>通过 SEM 验证了所得到的分段金纳米线的结构。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>nanoflowers 的合成<ol>
<li>在步骤 2.1-2.2 中, 除5分钟2等离子处理外, 对硅晶片进行相同的操作。</li>
		<li>将硅晶片浸泡在含有10000x 稀释3-5 纳米 Au 种子溶液的10毫升瓶中, 15 分钟。</li>
		<li>用4.2.2 彻底清洗硅晶片, 去除未吸收金纳米粒子。</li>
		<li>按照步骤4.1.5 中的相同步骤, 准备一个包含 0.550 mM 4-MBA, 1.70 毫米 HAuCl4, 4.10 毫米 l-抗坏血酸的生长溶液。</li>
		<li>将晶片浸泡在含有三十年代生长液的10毫升瓶中。</li>
		<li>从生长液中取出晶片, 在晶片上留下一层薄薄的溶液 (13-15 ul)。</li>
		<li>在室温下快速吹干晶片。</li>
		<li>通过 SEM 对 nanoflower 结构进行了验证。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vapor-liquid-solid+Growth+of+Silicon+Nanowires+Using+Organosilane+as+Precursor.">Vapor-liquid-solid Growth of Silicon Nanowires Using Organosilane as Precursor.</a> Chemical Communications. 46, 6105-6107 (2010).</li><li>Xia, Y. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrathin+Gold+Nanowires+Can+Be+Obtained+by+Reducing+Polymeric+Strands+of+Oleylamine&#8722;AuCl+Complexes+Formed+via+Aurophilic+Interaction.">Ultrathin Gold Nanowires Can Be Obtained by Reducing Polymeric Strands of Oleylamine&#8722;AuCl Complexes Formed via Aurophilic Interaction.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130, 8900-8901 (2008).</li><li>Miguel, J. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Helical+Growth+of+Ultrathin+Gold-Copper+Nanowires.">Helical Growth of Ultrathin Gold-Copper Nanowires.</a> Nano Letters. 16, 1568-1573 (2016).</li><li>Sun, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrathin+Au+Nanowires+and+Their+Transport+Properties.">Ultrathin Au Nanowires and Their Transport Properties.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130, 8902-8903 (2008).</li><li>Sun, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+of+Au+Nanowires+at+the+Interface+of+Air/Water.">Growth of Au Nanowires at the Interface of Air/Water.</a> Journal of Physical Chemistry. C. 113, 15196-15200 (2009).</li><li>Wu, H. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanostructured+Gold+Architectures+Formed+through+High+Pressure-Driven+Sintering+of+Spherical+Nanoparticle+Arrays.">Nanostructured Gold Architectures Formed through High Pressure-Driven Sintering of Spherical Nanoparticle Arrays.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132, 12826-12828 (2010).</li><li>Wu, H. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pressure-Driven+Assembly+of+Spherical+Nanoparticles+and+Formation+of+1D-Nanostructure+Arrays.">Pressure-Driven Assembly of Spherical Nanoparticles and Formation of 1D-Nanostructure Arrays.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 7, 8431-8434 (2010).</li><li>Li, B. 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W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Thiolated+Ligands+in+Au+Nanowires+Synthesis.">Effect of Thiolated Ligands in Au Nanowires Synthesis.</a> Small. 13, 1702121 (2017).</li><li>Gedanken, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+surface+chemistry+of+Au+colloids+and+their+interactions+with+functional+amino+acids.">The surface chemistry of Au colloids and their interactions with functional amino acids.</a> Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 108, 4046-4052 (2004).</li><li>Xia, Y. 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作者没有什么可透露的。

本文在前人工作19中全面讨论了这种活性表面生长治理纳米线合成的机理。此外, 还研究了种子大小和类型的影响以及配体类型和大小对20、21的影响。一般。纳米线的增长与以前报告的路线非常不同。不需要模板, 不对称生长是由配体上限的 au 表面与基体表面的金面之间的差异引起的。活性面在整个生长过程中保持活跃, 因为新沉积的?...

纳米线具有典型的一维纳米材料, 具有与体积相关的特性和由纳米结构的量子效应产生的独特性质。作为纳米尺度与块状材料之间的桥梁, 它们已广泛应用于各种催化、传感、纳米电子器件等领域。1,2,3。
然而, 纳米线的合成一直是一个巨大的挑战, 因为它通常需要打破晶体内在的对称性。传统上, 使用模板来调节材料的沉积。例如, 模板电沉积已被用于形成各种类型的纳米线, 如银纳米线和 CdS 纳米线4,5,6,7,8,9 ,10。另一种常见的方法是蒸气-液-固 (VLS) 的生长, 它采用熔融催化剂在高温下诱导基体上各向异性的生长11。合成金属纳米线的常用策略是银纳米线和油胺辅助超薄金纳米线12、13、14、15的多元醇方法。这两种方法都是材料特有的, 而纳米线参数在合成过程中不容易调整。此外, 金属纳米线也可以由压力驱动的方法, 其中组装金属纳米粒子被机械压缩和熔化成纳米线16,17,18。
最近, 我们报告了一个独特的方法合成金纳米线19。在 thiolated 小分子配体的协助下, 纳米线可以在环境条件下生长并形成垂直排列的硅晶片基底上的阵列。结果表明, 配体在对称断裂生长中起着重要作用。它强烈地与基体吸附的金种子的表面结合, 迫使 au 选择性地在种子和基质之间的配体缺陷界面上沉积。新沉积的金与基底之间的界面保持配体缺陷, 因此, 在整个生长过程中存在活性表面。通过对配体浓度、种子类型、浓度以及其它几个参数的调节, 可以合成一系列的金纳米线纳米结构。
在这项工作中, 我们将提供一个详细的协议, 为这种方便的 Au 纳米线合成。给出了合成方法, 包括用疏水性表面性质的金纳米线、其它基体上的 au 纳米线、混合两个配体的锥形金纳米线和通过调整生长而形成的纳米金纳米结构。条件。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Trisodium citrate dihydrate</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>LoT: 5008F14U</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium borohydride</td><td>Fluka</td><td>LoT: STBG0330V</td><td>NaBH4</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>LoT: T19C006</td><td>HAuCl4</td></tr><tr><td>3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane</td><td>J&amp;amp;K Scientific</td><td>LoT: LT20Q102</td><td>APTES</td></tr><tr><td>L-ascorbic acid&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>LoT: SLBL9227V</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4-mercaptobenzoic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>LoT: MKBV5048V</td><td>4-MBA</td></tr><tr><td>2-Naphthalenethiol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>LoT: BCBP4238V</td><td>2-NpSH</td></tr><tr><td>4-Mercaptophenylacetic acid</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>LoT: 10199160</td><td>4-MPAA</td></tr><tr><td>3-mercaptobenzoic acid</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>LoT: G1213027</td><td>3-MBA</td></tr><tr><td>3-Mercaptopropionic acid</td><td>Aladdin</td><td>LoT: E1618095</td><td>3-MPA</td></tr><tr><td>absolute ethanol</td><td>Sinopharm chemical Reagent</td><td>20170802</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silicon wafer</td><td>Zhe Jiang lijing</td><td>P</td><td>Si</td></tr><tr><td>Scanning Electron Microscope</td><td>Quanta FEG 250</td><td></td><td>SEM</td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>5424</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic cleaner&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Kun Shan hechuang</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra-pure water system</td><td>NanJing qianyan</td><td>UP6682-10-11</td><td>for deionized water</td></tr><tr><td>Plasma cleaner</td><td>Harrick Plasma</td><td>PDC-002</td><td>for oxygen plasma</td></tr></tbody></table>

synthesis of substrate-bound au nanowires via an active surface growth mechanism

提高合成能力对纳米和纳米技术的发展具有重要意义。纳米线的合成一直是一个挑战, 因为它需要对称晶体的不对称生长。在这里, 我们报告一个独特的合成基板绑定的 Au 纳米线。这种无模板合成采用 thiolated 配体和基材吸附法, 在环境条件下实现了 Au 在溶液中的连续不对称沉积。thiolated 配体在种子的暴露表面防止了 au 沉积, 因此在 au 种子和基体之间的界面上只发生 au 沉积。新沉积的金纳米线的一侧立即覆盖 thiolated 配体, 而底部面对基体保持无配体和活跃的下一轮 Au 沉积。进一步证明了该金纳米线的生长可以在各种基体上诱导, 不同的 thiolated 配体可以用来调节纳米丝的表面化学。纳米线的直径也可以用混合配体来控制, 而另一种 "坏" 配位则可以使侧向生长。通过对该机理的理解, 可以设计和合成金纳米线纳米结构。

用 sem 研究了金纳米粒种子、基片约束金纳米线和金纳米导线的衍生物纳米结构.图 1显示了3-5 纳米 au 纳米粒子、15纳米 au 纳米粒子和40纳米 au 的代表性 SEM 图像。纳米粒子吸附在硅晶片上, 确认其大小、吸附和分布。本文还介绍了在硅晶片基体上分别生长的金纳米线。典型的非晶金纳米线衬底表面的 SEM 图像,即玻璃基片等. <strong class="xfi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

我们报告了一种基于溶液的方法合成基板束缚金纳米线。通过调整在合成过程中使用的分子配体, 可以从不同的表面性质的基体中生长出金纳米线。以金纳米线为基础的纳米结构也可以通过调整反应参数来合成。

通过活性表面生长机制合成基片束缚金纳米线

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...

synthesis-substrate-bound-au-nanowires-via-an-active-surface-growth

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

7.7K 次观看.  Nanjing Tech University. 我们报告了一种基于溶液的方法合成基板束缚金纳米线。通过调整在合成过程中使用的分子配体, 可以从不同的表面性质的基体中生长出金纳米线。以金纳米线为基础的纳米结构也可以通过调整反应参数来合成。

视频: Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

的模板导演电浆黄金纳米管的合成与可调谐红外吸收

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

科研

化学

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles1,2. The simple, robust and scalable technique efficiently functionalizes metallic nanoparticles with thiol-ligands in a miscible water/organic solvent mixture allowing for rapid grafting of thiol groups onto the gold nanoparticle surface. The hydrophobic ligands on the nanoparticles then quickly phase separate the nanoparticles from the aqueous based suspension and confine them to the air-fluid interface. This drives the ligand-capped nanoparticles to form monolayer domains at the air-fluid interface.&#160; The use of water-miscible organic solvents is important as it enables the transport of the nanoparticles from the interface onto template-free substrates.&#160; The flow is mediated by a surface tension gradient3,4 and creates macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle-ligand films.&#160; This self-assembly technique may be generalized to include the use of particles of different compositions, size, and shape and may lead to an efficient assembly method to produce low-cost, macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle films for wide-spread applications.

A simple, robust and scalable technique to functionalize and self-assemble macroscopic nanoparticle-ligand monolayer films onto template-free substrates is described in this protocol.

一种技术，功能化和自组装纳米宏观 - 配体单层膜模板上无基材

This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles1,2. The simple, robust and ...

Ultrahigh Density Array of Vertically Aligned Small-molecular Organic Nanowires on Arbitrary Substrates

In recent years &pi;-conjugated organic semiconductors have emerged as the active material in a number of diverse applications including large-area, low-cost displays, photovoltaics, printable and flexible electronics and organic spin valves. Organics allow (a) low-cost, low-temperature processing and (b) molecular-level design of electronic, optical and spin transport characteristics. Such features are not readily available for mainstream inorganic semiconductors, which have enabled organics to carve a niche in the silicon-dominated electronics market. The first generation of organic-based devices has focused on thin film geometries, grown by physical vapor deposition or solution processing. However, it has been realized that organic nanostructures can be used to enhance performance of above-mentioned applications and significant effort has been invested in exploring methods for organic nanostructure fabrication.	
A particularly interesting class of organic nanostructures is the one in which vertically oriented organic nanowires, nanorods or nanotubes are organized in a well-regimented, high-density array. Such structures are highly versatile and are ideal morphological architectures for various applications such as chemical sensors, split-dipole nanoantennas, photovoltaic devices with radially heterostructured "core-shell" nanowires, and memory devices with a cross-point geometry. Such architecture is generally realized by a template-directed approach. In the past this method has been used to grow metal and inorganic semiconductor nanowire arrays. More recently &pi;-conjugated polymer nanowires have been grown within nanoporous templates. However, these approaches have had limited success in growing nanowires of technologically important &pi;-conjugated small molecular weight organics, such as tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3), rubrene and methanofullerenes, which are commonly used in diverse areas including organic displays, photovoltaics, thin film transistors and spintronics.	
Recently we have been able to address the above-mentioned issue by employing a novel "centrifugation-assisted" approach. This method therefore broadens the spectrum of organic materials that can be patterned in a vertically ordered nanowire array. Due to the technological importance of Alq3, rubrene and methanofullerenes, our method can be used to explore how the nanostructuring of these materials affects the performance of aforementioned organic devices. The purpose of this article is to describe the technical details of the above-mentioned protocol, demonstrate how this process can be extended to grow small-molecular organic nanowires on arbitrary substrates and finally, to discuss the critical steps, limitations, possible modifications, trouble-shooting and future applications.

We report a simple method for fabricating an ultrahigh density array of vertically ordered small-molecular organic nanowires. This method allows for synthesis of complex heterostructured hybrid nanowire geometries, which can be inexpensively grown on arbitrary substrates. These structures have potential applications in organic electronics, optoelectronics, chemical sensing, photovoltaics and spintronics.

超高密度垂直对齐的任意基质的小分子有机纳米线阵列

In  recent years &pi;-conjugated  organic semiconductors have emerged as the active material in a number of  diverse applications including large-area, ...

工程学

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest in using nano-colloids for photo-thermal ablation, drug delivery and many other biomedical applications 6. Gold is particularly used because of its low toxicity 7-9. A property of metal nano-colloids is that they can have a strong surface plasmon resonance 10. The peak of the surface plasmon resonance mode depends on the structure and composition of the metal nano-colloids. Since the surface plasmon resonance mode is stimulated with light there is a need to have the peak absorbance in the near infrared where biological tissue transmissivity is maximal 11, 12.
We present a method to synthesize star shaped colloidal gold, also known as star shaped nanoparticles 13-15 or nanostars 16. This method is based on a solution containing silver seeds that are used as the nucleating agent for anisotropic growth of gold colloids 17-22. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the resulting gold colloid showed that 70 % of the nanostructures were nanostars. The other 30 % of the particles were amorphous clusters of decahedra and rhomboids. The absorbance peak of the nanostars was detected to be in the near infrared (840 nm). Thus, our method produces gold nanostars suitable for biomedical applications, particularly for photo-thermal ablation.

We synthesized star shaped gold nanostars using a silver seed mediated growth method. The diameter of the nanostars ranges from 200 to 300 nm and the number of tips vary from 7 to 10. The nanoparticles have a broad surface plasmon resonance mode centered in the near infrared.

黄金Nanostar合成银种子介导的生长方法

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest ...

生物工程

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

合成，表征和混合金/硫化镉和Au / ZnS核/壳纳米颗粒功能化

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like oligomeric clusters of these yellow nanoparticles of narrow size distribution are synthesized under ambient conditions via two methods. The delay-time method controls the number of subunits in the oligoclusters by varying the time between the addition of HAuCl4 to alkaline solution and the subsequent addition of reducing agent, NaSCN. The yellow oligoclusters produced range in size from ~3 to ~25 nm. This size range can be further extended by an add-on method utilizing hydroxylated gold chloride (Na+[Au(OH4-x)Clx]-) to auto-catalytically increase the number of subunits in the as-synthesized oligocluster nanoparticles, providing a total range of 3 nm to 70 nm. The crude oligocluster preparations display narrow size distributions and do not require further fractionation for most purposes. The oligoclusters formed can be concentrated &#62;300 fold without aggregation and the crude reaction mixtures remain stable for weeks without further processing. Because these oligomeric clusters can be concentrated before derivatization they allow expensive derivatizing agents to be used economically. In addition, we present two models by which predictions of particle size can be made with great accuracy.

We describe a simple method for producing highly stable oligomeric clusters of gold nanoparticles via the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). The oligoclusters have a narrow size distribution and can be produced with a wide range of sizes and surface coats.

根据环境条件的金纳米粒子的稳定低聚簇的大小控制合成的一种简便方法

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

Large Area Substrate-Based Nanofabrication of Controllable and Customizable Gold Nanoparticles Via Capped Dewetting

Recent scientific advances in the utilization of metallic nanoparticle for enhanced energy conversion efficiency, improved optical device performance, and high-density data storage have demonstrated the potential benefit of their use in industrial applications. These applications require precise control over nanoparticle size, spacing, and sometimes shape. These requirements have resulted in the use of time and cost intensive processing steps to produce nanoparticles, thus making the transition to industrial application unrealistic. This protocol will resolve this issue by providing a scalable and affordable method for the large-area production of nanoparticle films with improved nanoparticle control compared to the current techniques. In this article, the process will be demonstrated with gold, but other metals can also be used.

This protocol details a novel nano-manufacturing technique that can be used to make controllable and customizable nanoparticle films over large areas based on the self-assembly of dewetting of capped metal films.

大面积地下纳米化的可控、可定制金纳米粒子通过包盖湿法

Recent scientific advances in the utilization of metallic nanoparticle for enhanced energy conversion efficiency, improved optical device performance, and ...

Growth of Gold Dendritic Nanoforests on Titanium Nitride-coated Silicon Substrates

In this study, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering system is used to coat a flat and firm titanium nitride (TiN) film on silicon (Si) wafers, and a fluoride-assisted galvanic replacement reaction (FAGRR) is employed for the rapid and easy deposition of gold dendritic nanoforests (Au DNFs) on the TiN/Si substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy patterns of TiN/Si and Au DNFs/TiN/Si samples validate that the synthesis process is accurately controlled. Under the reaction conditions in this study, the thickness of the Au DNFs increases linearly to 5.10 &#177; 0.20 &#181;m within 15 min of the reaction. Therefore, the employed synthesis procedure is a simple and rapid approach for preparing Au DNFs/TiN/Si composites.

This study presents a feasible procedure for synthesizing gold dendritic nanoforests on titanium nitride/silicon substrates. The thickness of gold dendritic nanoforests increases linearly within 15 min of a synthesis reaction.

氮化钛涂层硅基板上金石榴石的生长

In this study, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering system is used to coat a flat and firm titanium nitride (TiN) film on silicon (Si) wafers, and a ...

Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of tetrachloroauric acid in 3.0 g (3.7 mmol, 3.6 mL) of oleylamine (technical grade) and 3.0 mL of toluene into a boiling solution of 5.1 g (6.4 mmol, 8.7 mL) of oleylamine in 147 mL of toluene. While boiling and mixing the reaction solution for 2 hours, the color of the reaction mixture changed from clear, to light yellow, to light pink, and then slowly to dark red. The heat was then turned off, and the solution was allowed to gradually cool down to room temperature for 1 hour. The gold nanoparticles were then collected and separated from the solution using a centrifuge and washed three times; by vortexing and dispersing the gold nanoparticles in 10 mL portions of toluene, and then precipitating the gold nanoparticles by adding 40 mL portions of methanol and spinning them in a centrifuge. The solution was then decanted to remove any remaining byproducts and unreacted starting materials. Drying the gold nanoparticles in a vacuum environment produced a solid black pellet; which could be stored for long periods of time (up to one year) for later use, and then redissolved in organic solvents such as toluene.

A protocol for synthesizing ~12 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) in an organic solvent is presented. The gold nanoparticles are capped with oleylamine ligands to prevent agglomeration. The gold nanoparticles are soluble in organic solvents such as toluene.

金纳米粒子合成

Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of ...

Studying the Effects of Temperature on the Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles by Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Temperature control is a recent development that provides an additional degree of freedom to study nanochemistry by liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. In this paper, we describe how to prepare an in situ heating experiment for studying the effect of temperature on the formation of gold nanoparticles driven by radiolysis in water. The protocol of the experiment is fairly simple involving a special liquid cell with uniform heating capabilities up to 100 &#176;C, a liquid-cell TEM holder with flow capabilities and an integrated interface for controlling the temperature. We show that the nucleation and growth mechanisms of gold nanoparticles are drastically impacted by the temperature in liquid cell. Using STEM imaging and nanodiffraction, the evolution of the density, size, shape and atomic structure of the growing nanoparticles are revealed in real time. Automated image processing algorithms are exploited to extract useful quantitative data from video sequences, such as the nucleation and growth rates of nanoparticles. This approach provides new inputs for understanding the complex physico-chemical processes at play during the liquid-phase synthesis of nanomaterials.

Temperature control during liquid-phase electron microscopy experiments opens up new perspectives of studying the dynamic of nanoparticles in liquid environments mimicking their formation or application media. Using recently developed heating liquid cells, we directly observed the influence of temperature on the nucleation and growth processes of gold nanoparticles in water.

研究温度对液细胞传输电子显微镜对纳米粒子核化和生长的影响

Temperature control is a recent development that provides an additional degree of freedom to study nanochemistry by liquid cell transmission electron ...