这项工作得到了大韩民国科学和信息和通信技术部 (DGIST) 研究 & 发展方案 (Gyeongbuk 18-ET-01 和 18-01-HRSS-04) 项目的支持。

1.2-BL 溶液的合成
<ol><li>准备2透明的小瓶, 50 毫升的体积。</li>
	<li>添加20毫升乙醇到1瓶 (V1) 和密封 V1。</li>
	<li>将 V1 转移到一个 N2填充的手套箱中, 湿度控制系统的 H2O 水平 < 1 ppm。</li>
	<li>添加1.225 毫升钛 (IV) 异丙醇 (TTIP) V1 使用一个注射器与0.45 µm PVDF 过滤器, 并轻轻搅拌混合物至少30分钟。 注: 此步骤必须在手套箱 (或在非常低的湿度条件下) 执行, 因为 TTIP 对湿气高度敏感。如果 TTIP 溶液不透明或在溶液内部观察到白色沉淀, 则不应使用, 因为在溶液中已经发生了不良反应。</li>
	<li>在其他准备的小瓶 (V2), 添加 18 ul HNO3 (70%) 和 138 ul 的 H2O 到20毫升乙醇使用微, 并轻轻搅拌混合物至少30分钟。 注: 此步骤不得在手套箱中执行, 因为使用了 H2O。</li>
	<li>将 V2 溶液倒入 V1 溶液中混合2溶液, 搅拌2多小时, 合成透明0.1 米的2BL 溶液。 注意: 最终解决方案必须是透明的。如果解决方案不透明, resynthesize 它, 直到获得透明解决方案。在 < 50% 的湿度条件下, 成功地制备了2-BL 溶液, 稳定了好几天。</li>
</ol>2. SbCl3/土摩尔比的 SbCl3-土溶液的合成
注: 必须在手套盒中进行合成, 因为 SbCl3对水分的敏感性非常高。
<ol><li>准备 SbCl3库存解决方案 [1 毫摩尔 SbCl3在1毫升的n, n-甲基酰胺 (DMF)] 在手套箱内。例如, 添加6.486 克 SbCl3到30毫升的 DMF 为32.2 毫升库存解决方案。</li>
	<li>将适量的库存溶液添加到含有一定量的土瓶中, 以合成 SbCl3-土溶液, 所需的摩尔比为 SbCl3/tu。例如, 假设2个小瓶每包含0.1 克的 TU, 增加0.9394 毫升的库存解决方案, 以一瓶和0.5637 毫升, 以综合解决方案与 SbCl3/涂比 1/1.5 和 1/2.5, 分别。</li>
</ol>3. 由 mp2/2-BL/微晶玻璃组成的基材的制备
<ol><li>将25毫米 x 25 毫米的玻片玻璃 (钢化玻璃) 用丙酮清洗10分钟, 然后用乙醇冲洗。 注: 要制造光伏设备, 使用预图案的玻璃, 其中 5-10 毫米 x 25 毫米的表面被完全蚀刻。</li>
	<li>通过在样品上吹压缩空气立即干燥该玻璃。</li>
	<li>用 UV/O3清洁剂对玻璃杯进行20分钟的处理。</li>
	<li>自旋涂层乙醇在5000转每分钟六十年代。</li>
	<li>立刻旋转外套与准备的2BL 解答在步3.4 的同样条件下。</li>
	<li>将该玻璃干燥2分钟, 将其放在预热的热板上, 在200摄氏度。</li>
	<li>重复步骤3.5 和3.6 以获得所需的2BL 厚度。</li>
	<li>使用与2糊 (50 nm2粒子) 和聚酯面具的丝网印刷法, 将 mp2层存放在2-BL/微晶玻璃上。</li>
	<li>将 mp2/2-BL/在500°c 的玻璃退火为30分钟。</li>
	<li>将退火后的基体浸在透明的水下40毫米 TiCl4溶液中, 然后冷却至室温。 注:40 mM TiCl4溶液必须是透明的。如果基体在冷却前浸在 TiCl4溶液中, 由于基体和溶液之间的温差大, 它们很容易断裂。</li>
	<li>将基板转移到60摄氏度的烤箱上, 并将其存储1小时。</li>
	<li>用温水冲洗基体几次, 然后用 blowingcompressed 的空气立即将其烘干。 注: 为防止基体开裂, 冲洗时应使用温水 (约60°c)。</li>
	<li>再退火基体在500°c 为30分钟。</li>
</ol>4.2S3的沉积物在 mp 的基板2/在2-BL/玻璃
<ol><li>用 UV/O3清洁剂处理衬底以20分钟清洁表面, 并将其转移到手套盒中。</li>
	<li>自旋涂层在基板上的 DMF 溶剂在六十年代转 3000 rpm 之前, 与 SbCl3涂的解决方案。</li>
	<li>将涂层基体加热5分钟, 将其放在150°c 的热板上进行局部热分解和非晶相形成。</li>
	<li>将样品放在预热的热板上, 温度为300摄氏度, 为结晶相形成提供10分钟。</li>
	<li>将样品冷却到室温后, 将其从手套箱中取出。</li>
</ol>5. 制备锑2S3敏化太阳能电池
<ol><li>加入15毫克的聚 (3-基噻吩) (P3HT) 到1毫升的氯苯, 并轻轻搅拌, 直到得到一个明确的红溶液。</li>
	<li>自旋涂层氯苯在锑2S3沉积基板在3000转每分钟六十年代。</li>
	<li>立即旋转外套与准备 P3HT 解决方案在相同条件下使用的步骤5.2。</li>
	<li>将样品转移到蒸发器的真空室中。</li>
	<li>存入100纳米金, 速率为1.0 Å/秒。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Choi, Y. C., Lee, D. U., Noh, J. H., Kim, E. K., Seok, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+Improved+Sb2S3+Sensitized-Inorganic-Organic+Heterojunction+Solar+Cells+and+Quantification+of+Traps+by+Deep-Level+Transient+Spectroscopy.">Highly Improved Sb2S3 Sensitized-Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells and Quantification of Traps by Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy.</a> Advanced Functional Materials. 24 (23), 3587-3592 (2014).</li><li>Kim, D. -. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+reproducible+planar+Sb2S3-sensitized+solar+cells+based+on+atomic+layer+deposition.">Highly reproducible planar Sb2S3-sensitized solar cells based on atomic layer deposition.</a> Nanoscale. 6 (23), 14549-14554 (2014).</li><li>Choi, Y. C., Seok, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+Sb2S3-Sensitized+Solar+Cells+Via+Single-Step+Deposition+of+Sb2S3+Using+S/Sb-Ratio-Controlled+SbCl3-Thiourea+Complex+Solution.">Efficient Sb2S3-Sensitized Solar Cells Via Single-Step Deposition of Sb2S3 Using S/Sb-Ratio-Controlled SbCl3-Thiourea Complex Solution.</a> Advanced Functional Materials. 25 (19), 2892-2898 (2015).</li><li>Godel, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+room+temperature+aqueous+Sb2S3+synthesis+for+inorganic-organic+sensitized+solar+cells+with+5.1%+efficiencies.">Efficient room temperature aqueous Sb2S3 synthesis for inorganic-organic sensitized solar cells with 5.1% efficiencies.</a> Chemical Communications. 51 (41), 8640-8643 (2015).</li><li>Choi, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sb2Se3-Sensitized+Inorganic-Organic+Heterojunction+Solar+Cells+Fabricated+Using+a+Single-Source+Precursor.">Sb2Se3-Sensitized Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabricated Using a Single-Source Precursor.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (5), 1329-1333 (2014).</li><li>Chen, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=6.5%+Certified+Efficiency+Sb2Se3+Solar+Cells+Using+PbS+Colloidal+Quantum+Dot+Film+as+Hole-Transporting+Layer.">6.5% Certified Efficiency Sb2Se3 Solar Cells Using PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Film as Hole-Transporting Layer.</a> ACS Energy Letters. 2 (9), 2125-2132 (2017).</li><li>Choi, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+Inorganic-Organic+Heterojunction+Solar+Cells+Employing+Sb2(Sx/Se1-x)3+Graded-Composition+Sensitizers.">Efficient Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells Employing Sb2(Sx/Se1-x)3 Graded-Composition Sensitizers.</a> Advanced Energy Materials. 4 (7), 1301680 (2014).</li><li>Choi, Y. C., Yeom, E. J., Ahn, T. K., Seok, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CuSbS2-Sensitized+Inorganic-Organic+Heterojunction+Solar+Cells+Fabricated+Using+a+Metal-Thiourea+Complex+Solution.">CuSbS2-Sensitized Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabricated Using a Metal-Thiourea Complex Solution.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (13), 4005-4009 (2015).</li><li>Versavel, M. Y., Haber, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+optical+properties+of+amorphous+and+crystalline+antimony+sulfide+thin-films.">Structural and optical properties of amorphous and crystalline antimony sulfide thin-films.</a> Thin Solid Films. 515 (18), 7171-7176 (2007).</li><li>Yang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrazine+solution+processed+Sb2S3,+Sb2Se3+and+Sb2(S1-xSex)3+film:+molecular+precursor+identification,+film+fabrication+and+band+gap+tuning.">Hydrazine solution processed Sb2S3, Sb2Se3 and Sb2(S1-xSex)3 film: molecular precursor identification, film fabrication and band gap tuning.</a> Scientific Reports. 5, 10978 (2015).</li><li>Peng, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+investigation+of+the+role+of+compact+TiO2+layer+in+solid+state+dye-sensitized+TiO2+solar+cells.">Systematic investigation of the role of compact TiO2 layer in solid state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells.</a> Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 248 (13-14), 1479-1489 (2004).</li><li>Chen, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+Optimization+of+TiO2/Sb2Se3+Thin+Film+Solar+Cells+by+High-Throughput+Combinatorial+Approach.">Accelerated Optimization of TiO2/Sb2Se3 Thin Film Solar Cells by High-Throughput Combinatorial Approach.</a> Advanced Energy Materials. 7 (20), 1700866 (2017).</li><li>Sung, S. -. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solvent+engineering+for+high-performance+inorganic-organic+hybrid+perovskite+solar+cells.">Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells.</a> Nature Materials. 13 (9), 897-903 (2014).</li><li>Choi, Y. C., Lee, S. W., Jo, H. J., Kim, D. -. H., Sung, S. -. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+growth+of+organic-inorganic+hybrid+CH3NH3PbI3+perovskite+thin+films+from+phase-controlled+crystalline+powders.">Controlled growth of organic-inorganic hybrid CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films from phase-controlled crystalline powders.</a> RSC Advances. 6 (106), 104359-104365 (2016).</li><li>Choi, Y. C., Lee, S. W., Kim, D. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antisolvent-assisted+powder+engineering+for+controlled+growth+of+hybrid+CH3NH3PbI3+perovskite+thin+films.">Antisolvent-assisted powder engineering for controlled growth of hybrid CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films.</a> APL Materials. 5 (2), 026101 (2017).</li></ol>

作者没有什么可透露的。

2-BL 被广泛用作太阳能电池中的堵孔层。如图 2所示, 在设备性能上观察到的大差异取决于2-BL 厚度。因此, 它的厚度应进行优化, 以获得最佳的整体设备性能, 因为它作为一个孔堵塞层, 以防止任何直接接触的11和孔运输材料。应注意的是, 最佳厚度的变化取决于2-BL 溶液种类, 各种类型, 方法, 光吸收器和设备体系结构。除2-BL ?...

锑基硫属化合物 (锑), 包括 sb2S3, 锑2Se3, 锑2(S, Se)3, 和 CuSbS2, 被认为是新兴材料, 可用于下一代太阳能电池1 ,2,3,4,5,6,7,8。然而, 基于锑光吸收器的光伏设备尚未达到证明可行商业化所需的10% 功率转换效率 (四氯乙烯)。
为了克服这些局限性, 采用了各种方法和技术, 如硫乙酰胺诱导表面处理1、室温沉积法4、原子层沉积技术2以及利用胶体点量子点6。在这些不同的方法中, 基于化学浴分解的溶液处理表现出最高的性能1。然而, 对化学反应和后处理的精确控制需要达到最佳性能1,3。
最近, 我们开发了一个简单的解决方案-处理高性能的 Sb2S3敏化太阳能电池使用 SbCl3-硫脲 (TU) 复合溶液3。使用这种方法, 我们能够制造一个质量为2S3的人, 控制的人/S 比, 这是适用于太阳能电池, 以达到可比的设备性能6.4% 四氯乙烯。我们也能够有效地减少处理时间, 因为2S3是由单步沉积制造。
在这项工作中, 我们描述了 2S3沉积物的详细实验程序, 该基板由介孔的2 (mp2)/.) 玻璃用于制造 Sb2S3敏化太阳电池通过SbCl3涂复合溶液处理3。此外, 还对2S3沉积过程中影响光伏性能的三关键因素进行了识别和讨论。该方法的概念可以很容易地应用于其它基于金属硫化物的敏化型太阳能电池。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="847">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Ethyl alcohol, Pure, &#62;99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">459836</td>
			<td style="width:176px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Titanium(IV) isopropoxide 97%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">205273</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Nitic acid, ACS reagent, 70%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">438073</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Antimony(III) chloride</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">311375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Thiourea</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">T7875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:316px;">N,N-Dimethylformamide, anhydrous, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">227056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">TiO2 paste with 50 nm particles</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">ShareChem</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">SC-HT040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Poly(3-hexylthiophene)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">1-Material</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">PH0148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Chlorobenzene</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">284513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">FTO/glass (8 Ohmos/sq)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Pilkington</td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Spin coater</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">DONG AH TRADE CORP</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">ACE-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Hot plate</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">AS ONE Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">HHP-411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Glove box</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">KIYON</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">KK-021AS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">UV OZONE Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">AHTECH LTS</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">AC-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Furnace</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">WiseTherm</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">FP-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">UV/Vis Absorption spectroscopy</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">PerkinElmer</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Lambda 750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:316px;">Multifunctional evaporator with glove box</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">DAEDONG HIGH TECHNOLOGIES</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">DDHT-SDP007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

key factors affecting the performance of sb2s3-sensitized solar cells during an sb2s3 deposition via sbcl3-thiourea complex solution-processing

锑2S3被认为是新兴的光吸收器之一, 可以应用于下一代太阳能电池, 因为其独特的光学和电学性质。最近, 我们展示了它的潜力作为下一代太阳能电池通过实现高光伏效率 > 6% 在2S3敏化太阳能电池, 使用简单的硫脲 (土) 为基础的复杂溶液方法。在这里, 我们描述了2S3在介孔的2 (mp-SbCl2) 层上的关键实验程序, 使用一个在太阳能电池的制造中的3-土复合溶液。首先, SbCl3-土溶液是通过溶解 SbCl3和 TU 在n, n-甲基酰胺在不同的摩尔比 SbCl3: 土。然后, 该溶液沉积在制备的基材上, 由2/2阻挡层/F 掺杂的 SnO2玻璃经自旋涂层组成。最后, 为了形成结晶锑2S3, 样品被退火在一个 N2填充手套盒在300°c。文中还讨论了实验参数对光伏器件性能的影响。

图 1显示了2S3沉积在 mp2/在2-BL/玻璃基板上的实验过程的示意图。图 1d显示了本文所述方法所制造的典型产品的基本性能和方案。主要的 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 模式与 stibnite2S3结构1、3、4和杂质相有很好的匹配, 如锑...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing at JoVE.com

Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing

利用SbCl3-硫脲复合溶液处理锑23沉积物对锑2S3敏化太阳能电池性能影响的关键因素

这项工作提供了一个详细的实验程序, 以沉积2S3在介孔的2层, 使用 SbCl3硫脲复合溶液的应用于锑2的3敏化太阳能电池。本文还确定了控制沉积过程的关键因素。

Sb2S3 is considered as one of the emerging light absorbers that can be applied to next-generation solar cells because of its unique optical and electrical ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing

7.8K 次观看.  Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST). 这项工作提供了一个详细的实验程序, 以沉积2S3在介孔的2层, 使用 SbCl3硫脲复合溶液的应用于锑2的3敏化太阳能电池。本文还确定了控制沉积过程的关键因素。

视频: Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high surface area microporous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), unique challenges present themselves for PECVD treatments. Herein the protocol for development of a MOF that was previously unstable to humid conditions is presented. The protocol describes the synthesis of Cu-BTC (also known as HKUST-1), the treatment of Cu-BTC with PECVD of perfluoroalkanes, the aging of materials under humid conditions, and the subsequent ammonia microbreakthrough experiments on milligram quantities of microporous materials. Cu-BTC has an extremely high surface area (~1,800 m2/g) when compared to most materials or surfaces that have been previously treated by PECVD methods. Parameters such as chamber pressure and treatment time are extremely important to ensure the perfluoroalkane plasma penetrates to and reacts with the inner MOF surfaces. Furthermore, the protocol for ammonia microbreakthrough experiments set forth here can be utilized for a variety of test gases and microporous materials.

Herein the procedures for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of perfluoroalkanes on microporous materials such as metal-organic frameworks to enhance their stability and hydrophobicity are described. Furthermore, breakthrough testing of milligram quantities of samples is described in detail.

增强型氟烷烃的化学气相沉积等离子通过疏水金属 - 有机骨架的制备氨的去除

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high ...

科研

化学

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties of the materials were investigated. We used a one pot sol-gel approach to intercalate gold nano particles in the walls of mesoporous silica. To start with the synthesis, P123 was used as template to form micelles. Then TESPTS was used as a surface modification agent to intercalate gold nano particles. Following this process, TEOS was added in as a silica source which underwent a polymerization process in acid environment. After hydrothermal processing and calcination, the final product was acquired. Several techniques were utilized to characterize the porosity, morphology and structure of the gold intercalated mesoporous silica. The results showed a stable structure of mesoporous silica after gold intercalation. Through the oxidation of benzyl alcohol as a benchmark reaction, the GMS materials showed high selectivity and recyclability.

Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

合成和金插在介孔二氧化硅的墙壁催化性能

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in traditional materials, including low cost and mechanical flexibility. In a similar vein, it would be advantageous to expand the use of organics into high frequency electronics and spin-based electronics. This work presents a synthetic process for the growth of thin films of the room temperature organic ferrimagnet, vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) by low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thin film is grown at &#60;60 &#176;C, and can accommodate a wide variety of substrates including, but not limited to, silicon, glass, Teflon and flexible substrates. The conformal deposition is conducive to pre-patterned and three-dimensional structures as well. Additionally this technique can yield films with thicknesses ranging from 30 nm to several microns. Recent progress in optimization of film growth creates a film whose qualities, such as higher Curie temperature (600 K), improved magnetic homogeneity, and narrow ferromagnetic resonance line-width (1.5 G) show promise for a variety of applications in spintronics and microwave electronics.

We present the synthesis of the organic-based ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) via low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This optimized recipe yields an increase in Curie temperature from 400 K to over 600 K and a dramatic improvement in magnetic resonance properties.

化学气相沉积的有机磁体，钒四氰

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in ...

Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO

Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) was used to deposit n-type ZnO and Zn1-xMgxO thin films onto p-type thermally oxidized Cu2O substrates outside vacuum at low temperature. The performance of photovoltaic devices featuring atmospherically fabricated ZnO/Cu2O heterojunction was dependent on the conditions of AP-SALD film deposition, namely, the substrate temperature and deposition time, as well as on the Cu2O substrate exposure to oxidizing agents prior to and during the ZnO deposition. Superficial Cu2O to CuO oxidation was identified as a limiting factor to heterojunction quality due to recombination at the ZnO/Cu2O interface. Optimization of AP-SALD conditions as well as keeping Cu2O away from air and moisture in order to minimize Cu2O surface oxidation led to improved device performance. A three-fold increase in the open-circuit voltage (up to 0.65 V) and a two-fold increase in the short-circuit current density produced solar cells with a record 2.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This PCE is the highest reported for a Zn1-xMgxO/Cu2O heterojunction formed outside vacuum, which highlights atmospheric pressure spatial ALD as a promising technique for inexpensive and scalable fabrication of Cu2O-based photovoltaics.

Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO

Here we present a protocol for synthesizing Zn1-xMgxO/Cu2O heterojunctions in open-air at low temperature via atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) of Zn1-xMgxO on cuprous oxide. Such high quality conformal metal oxides can be grown on a variety of substrates including plastics by this cheap and scalable method.

在铜改善异质结质量<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O型的太阳能电池通过大气压力的空间原子层沉积的优化<br /&gt;锌<sub&gt; 1-X</sub&gt;镁<sub系列&gt; X</sub&gt; 0

Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) was used to deposit n-type ZnO and Zn1-xMgxO thin films onto p-type thermally oxidized Cu2O ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and nanomedicine, fluorescent microscopy and systems chemistry. For many of these applications, specificity of the bioconjugation method used is of prime concern. The Michael addition of maleimides with cysteine(s) on the target proteins is highly selective and proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, making it one of the most popular methods for protein bioconjugation.
We demonstrate here the modification of the only surface-accessible cysteine residue on yeast cytochrome c with a ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine maleimide. The protein bioconjugation is verified by gel electrophoresis and purified by aqueous-based fast protein liquid chromatography in 27% yield of isolated protein material. Structural characterization with MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis is then used to verify that the bioconjugation is successful. The protocol shown here is easily applicable to other cysteine - maleimide coupling of proteins to other proteins, dyes, drugs or polymers.

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

This protocol details the important steps required for the bioconjugation of a cysteine containing protein to a maleimide, including reagent purification, reaction conditions, bioconjugate purification and bioconjugate characterization.

蛋白质生物缀合物的合成<em&gt;通过</em&gt;半胱氨酸马来酰亚胺化学

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and conformality by taking advantage of self-limiting reactions between vapor-phase precursors and the growing film. Perovskite oxides present potential for next-generation electronic materials, but to-date have mostly been deposited by physical methods. This work outlines a method for depositing SrTiO3 (STO) on germanium using ALD. Germanium has higher carrier mobilities than silicon and therefore offers an alternative semiconductor material with faster device operation. This method takes advantage of the instability of germanium's native oxide by using thermal deoxidation to clean and reconstruct the Ge (001) surface to the 2&#215;1 structure. 2-nm thick, amorphous STO is then deposited by ALD. The STO film is annealed under ultra-high vacuum and crystallizes on the reconstructed Ge surface. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is used during this annealing step to monitor the STO crystallization. The thin, crystalline layer of STO acts as a template for subsequent growth of STO that is crystalline as-grown, as confirmed by RHEED. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to verify film stoichiometry before and after the annealing step, as well as after subsequent STO growth. This procedure provides framework for additional perovskite oxides to be deposited on semiconductors via chemical methods in addition to the integration of more sophisticated heterostructures already achievable by physical methods.

This work details the procedures for the growth and characterization of crystalline SrTiO3 directly on germanium substrates by atomic layer deposition. The procedure illustrates the ability of an all-chemical growth method to integrate oxides monolithically onto semiconductors for metal-oxide semiconductor devices.

锗通过原子层沉积钙钛矿型钛酸锶的外延生长

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and ...

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites have lately been a topic of great interest in the field of solar cell applications, with the potential to achieve device efficiencies exceeding other thin film device technologies. Yet, large variations in device efficiency and basic physical properties are reported. This is due to unintentional variations during film processing, which have not been sufficiently investigated so far. We therefore conducted an extensive study of the morphology and electronic structure of a large number of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite where we show how the preparation method as well as the mixing ratio of educts methylammonium iodide and lead(II) iodide impact properties like film formation, crystal structure, density of states, energy levels, and ultimately the solar cell performance.

We present an extensive study on the effects of different fabrication methods for organic/inorganic perovskite thin films by comparing crystal structures, density of states, energy levels, and ultimately the solar cell performance.

上成膜钙钛矿型混合制造方法，电子结构和太阳能电池性能的影响

Hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites have lately been a topic of great interest in the field of solar cell applications, with the potential to ...

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical photocatalytic structures. However, the influence of such chemical bonding on the optical and surface properties of the photocatalyst and thus its photocatalytic activity/reaction selectivity behavior has not been systematically studied. In this investigation, TiO2 has been supported on the surface of SiO2 by means of two different methods: (i) by the in situ formation of TiO2 in the presence of sand quartz via a sol-gel method employing tetrabutyl orthotitanium (TBOT); and (ii) by binding the commercial TiO2 powder to quartz on a surface silica gel layer formed from the reaction of quartz with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). For comparison, TiO2 nanoparticles were also deposited on the surfaces of a more reactive SiO2 prepared by a hydrolysis-controlled sol-gel technique as well as through a sol-gel route from TiO2 and SiO2 precursors. The combination of TiO2 and SiO2, through interfacial Ti-O-Si bonds, was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and the photocatalytic activities of the obtained composites were tested for photocatalytic degradation of NO according to the ISO standard method (ISO 22197&#8722;1). The electron microscope images of the obtained materials showed that variable photocatalyst coverage of the support surface can successfully be achieved but the photocatalytic activity towards NO removal was found to be affected by the preparation method and the nitrate selectivity is adversely affected by Ti-O-Si bonding.

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The focus of the present work is to establish means to generate and quantify levels of Ti-O-Si linkages and to correlate these with the photocatalytic properties of the supported TiO2.

界面化学键合在TiO中的作用<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; -SiO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;复合材料对其光催化NOx消除性能的影响

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical ...

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

A microwave deposition technique for silanes, previously described for production of oleophobic fabrics, is adapted to provide a fabric support material that can be subsequently treated by dip coating. Dip coating with a sol preparation provides a supported porous layer on the fabric. In this case, the porous layer is a porphyrin functionalized sorbent system based on a powdered material that has been demonstrated previously for the capture and conversion of phosgene. A representative coating is applied to cotton fabric at a loading level of 10 mg/g. This coating has minimal impact on water vapor transport through the fabric (93% of the support fabric rate) while significantly reducing transport of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) through the material (7% of support fabric rate). The described approaches are suitable for use with other fabrics providing amine and hydroxyl groups for modification and can be used in combination with other sol preparations to produce varying functionality.

This report details a microwave-initiated approach for deposition of porphyrin functionalized porous organosilicate sorbents on a cotton fabric and demonstrates reduction in 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) transport through the fabric resulting from this treatment.

织物支架上多孔吸附剂的沉积

A microwave deposition technique for silanes, previously described for production of oleophobic fabrics, is adapted to provide a fabric support material ...

Constructing Thioether/Vinyl Sulfide-tethered Helical Peptides Via Photo-induced Thiol-ene/yne Hydrothiolation

Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the preparation of thioether-tethered peptides using on-resin intramolecular/intermolecular thiol-ene hydrothiolation. In addition, this protocol describes the preparation of vinyl-sulfide-tethered peptides using in-solution intramolecular thiol-yne hydrothiolation between amino acids that possess alkene/alkyne side chains and cysteine residues at i, i+4 positions. Linear peptides were synthesized using a standard Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Thiol-ene hydrothiolation is carried out using either an intramolecular thio-ene reaction or an intermolecular thio-ene reaction, depending on the peptide length. In this research, an intramolecular thio-ene reaction is carried out in the case of shorter peptides using on-resin deprotection of the trityl groups of cysteine residues following the complete synthesis of the linear peptide. The resin is then set to UV irradiation using photoinitiator 4-methoxyacetophenone (MAP) and 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone (MMP). The intermolecular thiol-ene reaction is carried out by dissolving Fmoc-Cys-OH in an N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. This is then reacted with the peptide using the alkene-bearing residue on resin. After that, the macrolactamization is carried out using benzotriazole-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBop), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HoBt), and 4-Methylmorpholine (NMM) as activation reagents on the resin. Following the macrolactamization, the peptide synthesis is continued using standard SPPS. In the case of the thio-yne hydrothiolation, the linear peptide is cleaved from the resin, dried, and subsequently dissolved in degassed DMF. This is then irradiated using UV light with photoinitiator 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA). Following the reaction, DMF is evaporated and the crude residue is precipitated and purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These methods could function to simplify the generation of thioether-tethered cyclic peptides due to the use of the thio-ene/yne click chemistry that possesses superior functional group tolerance and good yield. The introduction of thioether bonds into peptides takes advantage of the nucleophilic nature of cysteine residues and is redox-inert relative to disulfide bonds.

We present a protocol for the construction of thioether/vinyl sulfide-tethered helical peptides using photo-induced thiol-ene/thiol-yne hydrothiolation.

利用SbCl₃-硫脲复合溶液处理锑₂₃沉积物对锑₂S₃敏化太阳能电池性能影响的关键因素

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此视频中的章节

增强型氟烷烃的化学气相沉积等离子通过疏水金属 - 有机骨架的制备氨的去除

合成和金插在介孔二氧化硅的墙壁催化性能

化学气相沉积的有机磁体，钒四氰

在铜改善异质结质量

蛋白质生物缀合物的合成

锗通过原子层沉积钙钛矿型钛酸锶的外延生长

上成膜钙钛矿型混合制造方法，电子结构和太阳能电池性能的影响

界面化学键合在TiO中的作用

织物支架上多孔吸附剂的沉积

利用光致硫醇-烯/yne Hydrothiolation 构造硫醚类/乙烯基硫化物栓系螺旋肽