이 작품은 대구 경북 과학 및 기술 (DGIST) R & D 프로그램 과학과 정보 통신, 한국에 의해 지원 되었다 (18-동부 표준시-01 보조금 호 및 18-01-HRSS-04).

1. 티 오2-BL 솔루션의 합성
<ol><li>50 mL 볼륨 2 투명 한 유리병을 준비 한다.</li>
	<li>1 유리병 (V1)에 에탄올 20 mL를 추가 하 고 v 1 인감.</li>
	<li>N2v 1을 전송-< 1 ppm의 H2O 레벨의 수 분 조절 하는 시스템으로 글러브 박스를 가득.</li>
	<li>추가 1.225 mL V1 티타늄 (IV) isopropoxide (t t i P)의 0.45 μ m PVDF 필터와 부드럽게 주사기를 사용 하 여 적어도 30 분 동안 혼합물을 저 어. 참고:이 단계를 수행 해야 합니다 장갑 상자에 (또는 매우 낮은 습도 조건 하에서) t t i P 습기에 매우 민감한 상태 이므로. T t i P 솔루션은 투명, 흰색 침전 솔루션 내부 관찰 하는 경우 그것은 해야 합니다 사용할 수 없습니다, 바람직하지 않은 반응을 이미 솔루션 안에 발생 하기 때문에.</li>
	<li>다른 준비 된 유리병 (V2), 추가 HNO3 (70%)의 18 μ H2O의 에탄올 20 ml의 138 μ는 micropipette를 사용 하 여 그리고 부드럽게 적어도 30 분 동안 혼합물을 저 어. 참고:이 단계 하지 수행 되어야 합니다 장갑 상자에서 H2O 사용 되기 때문에.</li>
	<li>V1 솔루션에 V2 솔루션을 붓는 의해 2 솔루션을 혼합 하 고 합성 투명 0.1 M 티 오2-BL 솔루션 이상 2 시간 동안 저 어. 참고: 최종 솔루션 투명 해야 합니다. 솔루션 투명 하지 않으면 투명 한 솔루션을 얻을 때까지 그것을 resynthesize. 성공적으로 준비 된 티 오2-파 솔루션은 안정적인 < 50%의 습도 조건에서 몇 일 동안.</li>
</ol>2. 다양 한 SbCl3위한 /TU 어 금 니 비율 SbCl3-너와 솔루션의 합성
참고: 종합 수행 되어야 합니다 장갑 상자에서 SbCl3 수 분의 매우 높은 감도 때문에.
<ol><li>SbCl3 재고 솔루션 [1 mmol SbCl3 N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF)의 1 ml의] 장갑 상자를 준비 합니다. 예를 들어 32.2 mL 재고 솔루션에 대 한 DMF의 30 ml SbCl3 의 6.486 g을 추가 합니다.</li>
	<li>TU 합성 SbCl3/TU.의 원하는 어 금 니 비율 SbCl3-너와 솔루션의 주어진된 양을 포함 하는 유리병을 재고 솔루션의 적절 한 금액을 추가 예를 들어 각 2 튜브 포함 0.1 g TU의 합성 솔루션 SbCl3위한 /TU 비율 1/2.5, 1/1.5의 각각 다른 한 유리병을 0.5637 mL 재고 솔루션의 0.9394 mL을 추가.</li>
</ol>3. mp-티 오2/TiO2-BL/FTO의 구성 된 기판의 준비 유리
<ol><li>10 분 뒤에 에탄올 아세톤과 초음파 목욕에 25 m m x 25 m m의 FTO 코팅 유리 (FTO 유리)를 씻어. 참고: 태양광 장치를 조작 하 사용 하 여 미리 꽃무늬 FTO 유리, 5-10 m m x 25 m m FTO 표면 에칭 완전히.</li>
	<li>즉시 샘플을 통해 압축 공기를 불어 FTO 유리를 건조.</li>
	<li>20 분 동안 청소기 UV/O3 와 함께 FTO 유리를 처리 합니다.</li>
	<li>스핀 코트 에탄올 60 5000 rpm에서 FTO 유리에 s.</li>
	<li>3.4 단계의 동일한 조건 하에서 준비 된 티 오2-BL 솔루션으로 다시 즉시 스핀 코트.</li>
	<li>200 ° c.에 preheated 뜨거운 접시에 그것을 배치 하 여 2 분 동안 FTO 유리를 건조</li>
	<li>3.5와 3.6 원하는 티 오2-BL 두께를 단계를 반복 합니다.</li>
	<li>티 오2 붙여넣기 (50 nm 티 오2 입자)와 폴 리 에스테 르 마스크 화면 인쇄 메서드를 사용 하 여 티 오2-BL/FTO 유리에 mp-티 오2 레이어를 입금.</li>
	<li>30 분 동안 500 ° C에서 mp-티 오2/TiO2-BL/FTO 유리 anneal</li>
	<li>실내 온도에 냉각 후 투명 수성 40 mM TiCl4 솔루션에서 단련 한 기질을 찍어. 참고: 40 mM TiCl4 솔루션 투명 해야 합니다. 그들은 냉각 하기 전에 기판 TiCl4 솔루션에서 감소는, 그들은 쉽게 기판 및 솔루션의 큰 온도 차이 때문에 중단 수 있습니다.</li>
	<li>60 ° C에서 오븐에는 기판 전송 하 고 1 시간을 위해 그들을 저장.</li>
	<li>따뜻한 물으로 여러 번 기판 린스 하 고 즉시 그들에 blowingcompressed 공기에 의해 그들을 건조. 참고: 기 질의 어떤 균열을 막기 위해, 사용 하 여 따뜻한 물 (약 60 ° C) 때 rinsing.</li>
	<li>30 분 동안 500 ° C에 다시 기판 anneal</li>
</ol>4. Sb2S3 mp-티 오2/TiO2-BL/FTO 기판에 증 착 유리
<ol><li>UV/O3 기판 표면, 청소 20 분 청소기 취급 하 고 장갑 상자에 그들을 전송.</li>
	<li>스핀 코트 60 s 이전 SbCl3-TU 솔루션과 코팅을 스핀에 대 한 3000 rpm에서 기판에 DMF 용 매.</li>
	<li>부분 열 분해 및 비정 질 상 형성에 대 한 150 ° C에서 뜨거운 접시에 그들을 배치 하 여 5 분으로 코팅 된 기판이 열.</li>
	<li>결정 단계 형성에 대 일 분 동안 300 ° C에 미리 데워 진된 뜨거운 접시에 샘플을 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>실내 온도에 샘플을 냉각 후 장갑 상자에서 그들을 제거 합니다.</li>
</ol>5. Sb2S3의 제조-감 응 태양 전지
<ol><li>Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)의 15 mg chlorobenzene의 1 mL을 추가 하 고 명확한 붉은 솔루션을 얻을 때까지 부드럽게 그들을 저 어.</li>
	<li>Sb2S3에 코트 chlorobenzene 스핀-60에 대 한 3000 rpm에서 기판 입금 s.</li>
	<li>즉시 사용 단계 5.2에서에서 같은 조건 하에서 준비 된 P3HT 솔루션으로 다시 코트 스핀.</li>
	<li>증발의 진공 챔버로 샘플을 전송 합니다.</li>
	<li>보증금 100 nm 1.0의 속도와 골드 Å / s.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Choi, Y. C., Lee, D. U., Noh, J. H., Kim, E. K., Seok, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+Improved+Sb2S3+Sensitized-Inorganic-Organic+Heterojunction+Solar+Cells+and+Quantification+of+Traps+by+Deep-Level+Transient+Spectroscopy.">Highly Improved Sb2S3 Sensitized-Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells and Quantification of Traps by Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy.</a> Advanced Functional Materials. 24 (23), 3587-3592 (2014).</li><li>Kim, D. -. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+reproducible+planar+Sb2S3-sensitized+solar+cells+based+on+atomic+layer+deposition.">Highly reproducible planar Sb2S3-sensitized solar cells based on atomic layer deposition.</a> Nanoscale. 6 (23), 14549-14554 (2014).</li><li>Choi, Y. C., Seok, S. 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저자는 공개 없다.

티 오2-BL은 널리 태양 전지에 구멍을 차단 층으로 사용. 그림 2에서 같이, 티 오2-BL 두께 따라 장치 성능에 큰 차이가 관찰 되었다. 따라서, 그것은 비판적으로 FTO와 홀 수송 재료11사이 어떤 직접 접촉을 방지 하기 위해 구멍을 차단 층으로 작동 하기 때문에 두께 최상의 전반적인 장치 성능을 얻기 위해 최적화 되어야 합니다. 그것은 최적의 ...

안티 몬 기반 chalcogenides (Sb-Chs), Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, Sb2(S, Se)3, CuSbS2, 등 차세대 태양 전지1에에서 사용할 수 있는 새로운 자료로 간주 됩니다. ,2,3,,45,6,,78. 그러나, Sb-Chs 빛 흡수에 따라 태양광 장치 가능한 상용화를 입증 하는 데 필요한 10% 전원 변환 효율 (PCE)를 아직 도달 하지 했습니다.
이러한 한계를 극복 하기 위해 다양 한 방법 및 기술 적용 된, 표면 처리 thioacetamide 유도1, 상 온 증 착 방법4, 한 원자 층 증 착 기술2, 등의 사용 콜 로이드 점 양자 점6. 이러한 다양 한 방법 중에서 화학 목욕 분해에 따라 솔루션 처리 전시 최고 성능1. 그러나, 화학 반응 및 후 처리의 정확한 제어는 최고의 성능1,3를 달성 해야 합니다.
최근에, 우리는 높은-성능 Sb2S3에 대 한 간단한 솔루션 처리 개발-응 SbCl3를 사용 하 여 태양 전지-thiourea (TU) 복잡 한 솔루션3. 이 메서드를 사용 하 여 우리는 6.4%의 유사한 장치 성능을 달성 하기 위해 태양 전지에 적용 된 제어 Sb/S 비율 품질 Sb2S3 를 조작 수 PCE. 우리는 또한 효과적으로 Sb2S3 는 단일 단계 증 착에 의해 조립 되었다 이후 처리 시간을 줄일 수 있습니다.
이 작품에서는, 우리는 mesoporous 티 오2 (mp-티 오2)로 구성 된 기판에 Sb2S3 증 착에 대 한 상세한 실험 절차를 설명 / 티 오2 차단 레이어 (티 오2-파) / F 실수로 SnO2 ( Sb2S3의 제작에 대 한 FTO) 유리-응 태양 전지를 통해 SbCl3-너와 복잡 한 솔루션 처리3. 또한, Sb2S3 증 착 과정에서 태양광 성능에 영향을 미치는 세 가지 핵심 요소는 식별 하 고 논의 했다. 방법의 개념은 금속 황 화물에 따라 다른 감광 형 태양 전지에 쉽게 적용할 수 있습니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="847">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Ethyl alcohol, Pure, &#62;99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">459836</td>
			<td style="width:176px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Titanium(IV) isopropoxide 97%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">205273</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Nitic acid, ACS reagent, 70%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">438073</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Antimony(III) chloride</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">311375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Thiourea</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">T7875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:316px;">N,N-Dimethylformamide, anhydrous, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">227056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">TiO2 paste with 50 nm particles</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">ShareChem</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">SC-HT040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Poly(3-hexylthiophene)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">1-Material</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">PH0148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Chlorobenzene</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">284513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">FTO/glass (8 Ohmos/sq)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Pilkington</td>
			<td style="width:129px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Spin coater</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">DONG AH TRADE CORP</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">ACE-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Hot plate</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">AS ONE Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">HHP-411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Glove box</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">KIYON</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">KK-021AS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">UV OZONE Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">AHTECH LTS</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">AC-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">Furnace</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">WiseTherm</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">FP-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:316px;">UV/Vis Absorption spectroscopy</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">PerkinElmer</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">Lambda 750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:316px;">Multifunctional evaporator with glove box</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">DAEDONG HIGH TECHNOLOGIES</td>
			<td style="width:129px;">DDHT-SDP007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

key factors affecting the performance of sb2s3-sensitized solar cells during an sb2s3 deposition via sbcl3-thiourea complex solution-processing

Sb2S3 는 그것의 독특한 광학 및 전기 특성 때문에 차세대 태양 전지에 적용 될 수 있는 신흥 빛 흡수 중 하나로 간주 됩니다. 최근, 우리 증명의 가능성 차세대 태양 전지로 Sb2S3> 6%의 높은 태양광 효율을 달성 하 여-간단한 thiourea (TU)를 사용 하 여 태양 전지를 응-복잡 한 솔루션 메서드를 기반으로. 여기, 우리는 SbCl3-너와 복잡 한 솔루션을 사용 하 여 태양 전지 제조에 mesoporous 티 오2 (mp-티 오2) 레이어에 Sb2S3 의 증 착에 대 한 주요 실험 절차를 설명 합니다. 첫째, SbCl3-너와 솔루션 SbCl3 및 너와 N, N-dimethylformamide SbCl3의 다른 어 금 니 비율에서에 용 해 하 여 합성: 부 엉. 그런 다음, 솔루션 mp-티 오2/TiO2의 구성으로 준비 된 기판에 입금 됩니다-스핀 코팅 하 여 SnO2 유리 레이어/F-실수로 차단. 마지막으로, 결정 Sb2S3를 형성 하기 샘플은 단련 된 N2-300 ° c.에 글로브 박스를 가득 태양광 장치 성능에 실험적인 매개 변수의 효과 또한 토론 된다.

그림 1 mp-티 오2/TiO2-BL/FTO 유리 기판에 Sb2S3 증 착에 대 한 실험 절차의 도식 적인 표현을 보여준다. 그림 1 d 기본 속성 및 여기에 설명 된 방법으로 조작 전형적인 제품의 구조를 보여 줍니다. 주요 x 선 회절 (XRD) 패턴 잘 stibnite Sb2S3 구조1,,<sup clas...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing at JoVE.com

Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing

주요 Sb2S3의 성능에 영향을 미치는 요인-태양 전지는 Sb2S3 증 착을 통해 SbCl3중 응-thiourea 복잡 한 솔루션-처리

이 작품은 Sb2S3 SbCl3를 사용 하 여 mesoporous 티 오2 층의 증 착에 대 한 상세한 실험 절차를 제공 합니다-thiourea Sb2S3에 응용 프로그램에 대 한 복잡 한 솔루션-태양 전지를 응. 이 문서는 또한 증 착 프로세스를 관리 하는 핵심 요소를 결정 합니다.

Sb2S3 is considered as one of the emerging light absorbers that can be applied to next-generation solar cells because of its unique optical and electrical ...

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Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing

7.8K 조회수.  Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST). 이 작품은 Sb2S3 SbCl3를 사용 하 여 mesoporous 티 오2 층의 증 착에 대 한 상세한 실험 절차를 제공 합니다-thiourea Sb2S3에 응용 프로그램에 대 한 복잡 한 솔루션-태양 전지를 응. 이 문서는 또한 증 착 프로세스를 관리 하는 핵심 요소를 결정 합니다.

비디오: Key Factors Affecting the Performance of Sb2S3-sensitized Solar Cells During an Sb2S3 Deposition via SbCl3-thiourea Complex Solution-processing

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high surface area microporous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), unique challenges present themselves for PECVD treatments. Herein the protocol for development of a MOF that was previously unstable to humid conditions is presented. The protocol describes the synthesis of Cu-BTC (also known as HKUST-1), the treatment of Cu-BTC with PECVD of perfluoroalkanes, the aging of materials under humid conditions, and the subsequent ammonia microbreakthrough experiments on milligram quantities of microporous materials. Cu-BTC has an extremely high surface area (~1,800 m2/g) when compared to most materials or surfaces that have been previously treated by PECVD methods. Parameters such as chamber pressure and treatment time are extremely important to ensure the perfluoroalkane plasma penetrates to and reacts with the inner MOF surfaces. Furthermore, the protocol for ammonia microbreakthrough experiments set forth here can be utilized for a variety of test gases and microporous materials.

Herein the procedures for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of perfluoroalkanes on microporous materials such as metal-organic frameworks to enhance their stability and hydrophobicity are described. Furthermore, breakthrough testing of milligram quantities of samples is described in detail.

플라즈마 통해 소수성 유기 금속 프레임 워크의 제조 암모니아의 제거에 대한 퍼플 루오로 알칸의 화학 증착을 강화

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high ...

연구

화학

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties of the materials were investigated. We used a one pot sol-gel approach to intercalate gold nano particles in the walls of mesoporous silica. To start with the synthesis, P123 was used as template to form micelles. Then TESPTS was used as a surface modification agent to intercalate gold nano particles. Following this process, TEOS was added in as a silica source which underwent a polymerization process in acid environment. After hydrothermal processing and calcination, the final product was acquired. Several techniques were utilized to characterize the porosity, morphology and structure of the gold intercalated mesoporous silica. The results showed a stable structure of mesoporous silica after gold intercalation. Through the oxidation of benzyl alcohol as a benchmark reaction, the GMS materials showed high selectivity and recyclability.

Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

합성과 메조 포러스 실리카의 벽에 금 층상의 촉매 성능

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in traditional materials, including low cost and mechanical flexibility. In a similar vein, it would be advantageous to expand the use of organics into high frequency electronics and spin-based electronics. This work presents a synthetic process for the growth of thin films of the room temperature organic ferrimagnet, vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) by low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thin film is grown at &#60;60 &#176;C, and can accommodate a wide variety of substrates including, but not limited to, silicon, glass, Teflon and flexible substrates. The conformal deposition is conducive to pre-patterned and three-dimensional structures as well. Additionally this technique can yield films with thicknesses ranging from 30 nm to several microns. Recent progress in optimization of film growth creates a film whose qualities, such as higher Curie temperature (600 K), improved magnetic homogeneity, and narrow ferromagnetic resonance line-width (1.5 G) show promise for a variety of applications in spintronics and microwave electronics.

We present the synthesis of the organic-based ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) via low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This optimized recipe yields an increase in Curie temperature from 400 K to over 600 K and a dramatic improvement in magnetic resonance properties.

자석의 유기 화학 기상 증착, 바나듐 테트라시

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in ...

Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO

Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) was used to deposit n-type ZnO and Zn1-xMgxO thin films onto p-type thermally oxidized Cu2O substrates outside vacuum at low temperature. The performance of photovoltaic devices featuring atmospherically fabricated ZnO/Cu2O heterojunction was dependent on the conditions of AP-SALD film deposition, namely, the substrate temperature and deposition time, as well as on the Cu2O substrate exposure to oxidizing agents prior to and during the ZnO deposition. Superficial Cu2O to CuO oxidation was identified as a limiting factor to heterojunction quality due to recombination at the ZnO/Cu2O interface. Optimization of AP-SALD conditions as well as keeping Cu2O away from air and moisture in order to minimize Cu2O surface oxidation led to improved device performance. A three-fold increase in the open-circuit voltage (up to 0.65 V) and a two-fold increase in the short-circuit current density produced solar cells with a record 2.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This PCE is the highest reported for a Zn1-xMgxO/Cu2O heterojunction formed outside vacuum, which highlights atmospheric pressure spatial ALD as a promising technique for inexpensive and scalable fabrication of Cu2O-based photovoltaics.

Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO

Here we present a protocol for synthesizing Zn1-xMgxO/Cu2O heterojunctions in open-air at low temperature via atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) of Zn1-xMgxO on cuprous oxide. Such high quality conformal metal oxides can be grown on a variety of substrates including plastics by this cheap and scalable method.

구리에서 개선 된 이종 접합 품질<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; 입금 대기 압력 공간 원자 층의 최적화를 통해 태양 전지를 O 기반<br /&gt; 아연<sub&gt; 1-X</sub&gt; 마그네슘<sub&gt; X</sub&gt; O

Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) was used to deposit n-type ZnO and Zn1-xMgxO thin films onto p-type thermally oxidized Cu2O ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and nanomedicine, fluorescent microscopy and systems chemistry. For many of these applications, specificity of the bioconjugation method used is of prime concern. The Michael addition of maleimides with cysteine(s) on the target proteins is highly selective and proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, making it one of the most popular methods for protein bioconjugation.
We demonstrate here the modification of the only surface-accessible cysteine residue on yeast cytochrome c with a ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine maleimide. The protein bioconjugation is verified by gel electrophoresis and purified by aqueous-based fast protein liquid chromatography in 27% yield of isolated protein material. Structural characterization with MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis is then used to verify that the bioconjugation is successful. The protocol shown here is easily applicable to other cysteine - maleimide coupling of proteins to other proteins, dyes, drugs or polymers.

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

This protocol details the important steps required for the bioconjugation of a cysteine containing protein to a maleimide, including reagent purification, reaction conditions, bioconjugate purification and bioconjugate characterization.

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and conformality by taking advantage of self-limiting reactions between vapor-phase precursors and the growing film. Perovskite oxides present potential for next-generation electronic materials, but to-date have mostly been deposited by physical methods. This work outlines a method for depositing SrTiO3 (STO) on germanium using ALD. Germanium has higher carrier mobilities than silicon and therefore offers an alternative semiconductor material with faster device operation. This method takes advantage of the instability of germanium's native oxide by using thermal deoxidation to clean and reconstruct the Ge (001) surface to the 2&#215;1 structure. 2-nm thick, amorphous STO is then deposited by ALD. The STO film is annealed under ultra-high vacuum and crystallizes on the reconstructed Ge surface. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is used during this annealing step to monitor the STO crystallization. The thin, crystalline layer of STO acts as a template for subsequent growth of STO that is crystalline as-grown, as confirmed by RHEED. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to verify film stoichiometry before and after the annealing step, as well as after subsequent STO growth. This procedure provides framework for additional perovskite oxides to be deposited on semiconductors via chemical methods in addition to the integration of more sophisticated heterostructures already achievable by physical methods.

This work details the procedures for the growth and characterization of crystalline SrTiO3 directly on germanium substrates by atomic layer deposition. The procedure illustrates the ability of an all-chemical growth method to integrate oxides monolithically onto semiconductors for metal-oxide semiconductor devices.

원자 층 증착을 통해 게르마늄에 페 로브 스카이 스트론튬 티탄의 에피 택셜 성장

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and ...

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites have lately been a topic of great interest in the field of solar cell applications, with the potential to achieve device efficiencies exceeding other thin film device technologies. Yet, large variations in device efficiency and basic physical properties are reported. This is due to unintentional variations during film processing, which have not been sufficiently investigated so far. We therefore conducted an extensive study of the morphology and electronic structure of a large number of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite where we show how the preparation method as well as the mixing ratio of educts methylammonium iodide and lead(II) iodide impact properties like film formation, crystal structure, density of states, energy levels, and ultimately the solar cell performance.

We present an extensive study on the effects of different fabrication methods for organic/inorganic perovskite thin films by comparing crystal structures, density of states, energy levels, and ultimately the solar cell performance.

필름 형성에 하이브리드 페 로브 스카이 트 제조 방법, 전자 구조 및 태양 전지 성능의 영향

Hybrid organic/inorganic halide perovskites have lately been a topic of great interest in the field of solar cell applications, with the potential to ...

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical photocatalytic structures. However, the influence of such chemical bonding on the optical and surface properties of the photocatalyst and thus its photocatalytic activity/reaction selectivity behavior has not been systematically studied. In this investigation, TiO2 has been supported on the surface of SiO2 by means of two different methods: (i) by the in situ formation of TiO2 in the presence of sand quartz via a sol-gel method employing tetrabutyl orthotitanium (TBOT); and (ii) by binding the commercial TiO2 powder to quartz on a surface silica gel layer formed from the reaction of quartz with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). For comparison, TiO2 nanoparticles were also deposited on the surfaces of a more reactive SiO2 prepared by a hydrolysis-controlled sol-gel technique as well as through a sol-gel route from TiO2 and SiO2 precursors. The combination of TiO2 and SiO2, through interfacial Ti-O-Si bonds, was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and the photocatalytic activities of the obtained composites were tested for photocatalytic degradation of NO according to the ISO standard method (ISO 22197&#8722;1). The electron microscope images of the obtained materials showed that variable photocatalyst coverage of the support surface can successfully be achieved but the photocatalytic activity towards NO removal was found to be affected by the preparation method and the nitrate selectivity is adversely affected by Ti-O-Si bonding.

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The focus of the present work is to establish means to generate and quantify levels of Ti-O-Si linkages and to correlate these with the photocatalytic properties of the supported TiO2.

TiO에서의 계면 화학 결합의 효과<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; -SiO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; 광촉매 NOx 저감 성능 복합 재료

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical ...

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

A microwave deposition technique for silanes, previously described for production of oleophobic fabrics, is adapted to provide a fabric support material that can be subsequently treated by dip coating. Dip coating with a sol preparation provides a supported porous layer on the fabric. In this case, the porous layer is a porphyrin functionalized sorbent system based on a powdered material that has been demonstrated previously for the capture and conversion of phosgene. A representative coating is applied to cotton fabric at a loading level of 10 mg/g. This coating has minimal impact on water vapor transport through the fabric (93% of the support fabric rate) while significantly reducing transport of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) through the material (7% of support fabric rate). The described approaches are suitable for use with other fabrics providing amine and hydroxyl groups for modification and can be used in combination with other sol preparations to produce varying functionality.

This report details a microwave-initiated approach for deposition of porphyrin functionalized porous organosilicate sorbents on a cotton fabric and demonstrates reduction in 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) transport through the fabric resulting from this treatment.

패브릭 지원에 다공성 흡수의 증 착

A microwave deposition technique for silanes, previously described for production of oleophobic fabrics, is adapted to provide a fabric support material ...

Constructing Thioether/Vinyl Sulfide-tethered Helical Peptides Via Photo-induced Thiol-ene/yne Hydrothiolation

Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the preparation of thioether-tethered peptides using on-resin intramolecular/intermolecular thiol-ene hydrothiolation. In addition, this protocol describes the preparation of vinyl-sulfide-tethered peptides using in-solution intramolecular thiol-yne hydrothiolation between amino acids that possess alkene/alkyne side chains and cysteine residues at i, i+4 positions. Linear peptides were synthesized using a standard Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Thiol-ene hydrothiolation is carried out using either an intramolecular thio-ene reaction or an intermolecular thio-ene reaction, depending on the peptide length. In this research, an intramolecular thio-ene reaction is carried out in the case of shorter peptides using on-resin deprotection of the trityl groups of cysteine residues following the complete synthesis of the linear peptide. The resin is then set to UV irradiation using photoinitiator 4-methoxyacetophenone (MAP) and 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone (MMP). The intermolecular thiol-ene reaction is carried out by dissolving Fmoc-Cys-OH in an N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. This is then reacted with the peptide using the alkene-bearing residue on resin. After that, the macrolactamization is carried out using benzotriazole-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBop), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HoBt), and 4-Methylmorpholine (NMM) as activation reagents on the resin. Following the macrolactamization, the peptide synthesis is continued using standard SPPS. In the case of the thio-yne hydrothiolation, the linear peptide is cleaved from the resin, dried, and subsequently dissolved in degassed DMF. This is then irradiated using UV light with photoinitiator 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA). Following the reaction, DMF is evaporated and the crude residue is precipitated and purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These methods could function to simplify the generation of thioether-tethered cyclic peptides due to the use of the thio-ene/yne click chemistry that possesses superior functional group tolerance and good yield. The introduction of thioether bonds into peptides takes advantage of the nucleophilic nature of cysteine residues and is redox-inert relative to disulfide bonds.

We present a protocol for the construction of thioether/vinyl sulfide-tethered helical peptides using photo-induced thiol-ene/thiol-yne hydrothiolation.

주요 Sb₂S₃의 성능에 영향을 미치는 요인-태양 전지는 Sb₂S₃ 증 착을 통해 SbCl₃중 응-thiourea 복잡 한 솔루션-처리

요약

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플라즈마 통해 소수성 유기 금속 프레임 워크의 제조 암모니아의 제거에 대한 퍼플 루오로 알칸의 화학 증착을 강화

합성과 메조 포러스 실리카의 벽에 금 층상의 촉매 성능

자석의 유기 화학 기상 증착, 바나듐 테트라시

구리에서 개선 된 이종 접합 품질

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

원자 층 증착을 통해 게르마늄에 페 로브 스카이 스트론튬 티탄의 에피 택셜 성장

필름 형성에 하이브리드 페 로브 스카이 트 제조 방법, 전자 구조 및 태양 전지 성능의 영향

TiO에서의 계면 화학 결합의 효과

패브릭 지원에 다공성 흡수의 증 착

헬리컬 펩 티 드를 통해 사진 유도 Thiol-ene 또는 yne Hydrothiolation Thioether/비닐 황 화물-곁에 건설