<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>研究猪模型中对急性容量超负荷的生理反应

<ol>
	<li>Wise, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamic+parameters+in+the+assessment+of+fluid+status+in+a+porcine+hemorrhage+and+resuscitation+model.">Hemodynamic parameters in the assessment of fluid status in a porcine hemorrhage and resuscitation model.</a> Anesthesiology. 134 (4), 607-616 (2021).</li><li>Rollins, K. E., Lobo, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intraoperative+goal-directed+fluid+therapy+in+elective+major+abdominal+surgery:+A+meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials.">Intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy in elective major abdominal surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a> Ann Surg. 263 (3), 465-476 (2016).</li><li>Som, A., Maitra, S., Bhattacharjee, S., Baidya, D. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Goal+directed+fluid+therapy+decreases+postoperative+morbidity+but+not+mortality+in+major+non-cardiac+surgery:+a+meta-analysis+and+trial+sequential+analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials.">Goal directed fluid therapy decreases postoperative morbidity but not mortality in major non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a> J Anesth. 31 (1), 66-81 (2017).</li><li>Xu, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Goal-directed+fluid+therapy+versus+conventional+fluid+therapy+in+colorectal+surgery:+A+meta+analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials.">Goal-directed fluid therapy versus conventional fluid therapy in colorectal surgery: A meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a> Int J Surg. 56, 264-273 (2018).</li><li>Hassinger, A. B., Wald, E. L., Goodman, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+postoperative+fluid+overload+precedes+acute+kidney+injury+and+is+associated+with+higher+morbidity+in+pediatric+cardiac+surgery+patients.">Early postoperative fluid overload precedes acute kidney injury and is associated with higher morbidity in pediatric cardiac surgery patients.</a> Pediatr Crit Care Med. 15 (2), 131-138 (2014).</li><li>Chen, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+global+view+of+porcine+transcriptome+in+three+tissues+from+a+full-sib+pair+with+extreme+phenotypes+in+growth+and+fat+deposition+by+paired-end+RNA+sequencing.">A global view of porcine transcriptome in three tissues from a full-sib pair with extreme phenotypes in growth and fat deposition by paired-end RNA sequencing.</a> BMC Genomics. 12, 448 (2011).</li><li>Hou, N., Du, X., Wu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+pig+models+of+human+diseases.">Advances in pig models of human diseases.</a> Animal Model Exp Med. 5 (2), 141-152 (2022).</li><li>Spannbauer, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+models+of+heart+failure+with+reduced+ejection+fraction+(HFrEF).">Large animal models of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).</a> Front Cardiovasc Med. 6, 117 (2019).</li><li>Odle, J., Lin, X., Jacobi, S. K., Kim, S. W., Stahl, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+suckling+piglet+as+an+agrimedical+model+for+the+study+of+pediatric+nutrition+and+metabolism.">The suckling piglet as an agrimedical model for the study of pediatric nutrition and metabolism.</a> Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2, 419-444 (2014).</li><li>Whitaker, E. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel,+clinically+relevant+use+of+a+piglet+model+to+study+the+effects+of+anesthetics+on+the+developing+brain.">A novel, clinically relevant use of a piglet model to study the effects of anesthetics on the developing brain.</a> Clin Transl Med. 5 (1), 2 (2016).</li><li>Gasthuys, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+potential+use+of+piglets+as+human+pediatric+surrogate+for+preclinical+pharmacokinetic+and+pharmacodynamic+drug+testing.">The potential use of piglets as human pediatric surrogate for preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug testing.</a> Curr Pharm Des. 22 (26), 4069-4085 (2016).</li><li>Alobaidi, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+between+fluid+balance+and+outcomes+in+critically+ill+children:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Association between fluid balance and outcomes in critically ill children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> JAMA Pediatr. 172 (3), 257-268 (2018).</li><li>Soler, Y. A., Nieves-Plaza, M., Prieto, M., Garcia-De Jesus, R., Suarez-Rivera, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+risk,+injury,+failure,+loss,+end-stage+renal+disease+score+identifies+acute+kidney+injury+and+predicts+mortality+in+critically+ill+children:+a+prospective+study.">Pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease score identifies acute kidney injury and predicts mortality in critically ill children: a prospective study.</a> Pediatr Crit Care Med. 14 (4), e189-e195 (2013).</li><li>Alessa, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Porcine+as+a+training+module+for+head+and+neck+microvascular+reconstruction.">Porcine as a training module for head and neck microvascular reconstruction.</a> J Vis Exp. (139), e58104 (2018).</li><li>Higgs, Z. C., Macafee, D. A., Braithwaite, B. D., Maxwell-Armstrong, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Seldinger+technique:+50+years+on.">The Seldinger technique: 50 years on.</a> Lancet. 366 (9494), 1407-1409 (2005).</li><li>Cheung-Flynn, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+saline+solutions+cause+endothelial+dysfunction+through+loss+of+membrane+integrity,+ATP+release,+and+inflammatory+responses+mediated+by+P2X7R/p38+MAPK/MK2+signaling+pathways.">Normal saline solutions cause endothelial dysfunction through loss of membrane integrity, ATP release, and inflammatory responses mediated by P2X7R/p38 MAPK/MK2 signaling pathways.</a> PLoS One. 14 (8), e0220893 (2019).</li><li>Canteras, M., Baptista-Silva, J. C. C., Cacione, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transverse+versus+longitudinal+inguinotomy+for+femoral+artery+approach.">Transverse versus longitudinal inguinotomy for femoral artery approach.</a> Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 (10), CD013153 (2018).</li><li>Katz, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+descending+limb+of+the+Starling+curve+and+the+failing+heart.">The descending limb of the Starling curve and the failing heart.</a> Circulation. 32 (6), 871-875 (1965).</li><li>Ragosta, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Textbook of Clinical Hemodynamics. , (2017).</li><li>LaFarge, C. G., Miettinen, O. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+estimation+of+oxygen+consumption.">The estimation of oxygen consumption.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 4 (1), 23-30 (1970).</li><li>Soto, F., Kleczka, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiopulmonary+hemodynamics+in+pulmonary+hypertension:+Pressure+tracings,+waveforms,+and+more.">Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in pulmonary hypertension: Pressure tracings, waveforms, and more.</a> Adv Pulmonary Hypertension. 7 (4), 386-393 (2008).</li><li>Helen Chum, C. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endotracheal+intubation+in+swine.">Endotracheal intubation in swine.</a> Lab Anim. 41 (11), 309-311 (2012).</li><li>Cavallaro, F., Sandroni, C., Antonelli, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+hemodynamic+monitoring+and+dynamic+indices+of+fluid+responsiveness.">Functional hemodynamic monitoring and dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness.</a> Minerva Anestesiol. 74 (4), 123-135 (2008).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1% Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Primal, Boston, MA, USA</td>
			<td>26675-46-7</td>
			<td>https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/792632?gclid=Cj0KCQjw9fqnBhDSARIsAHl 
			cQYS_W-q6tS2s6LQw2Qn7Roa3TGIpTLPf5 
			2351vrhgp44foEcRozPqtYaAtvfEAL 
			w_wcB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arterial Catheter</td>
			<td>Merit Medical, South Jordan, UT, USA</td>
			<td>MAK401</td>
			<td>MAK Mini Access Kit 4F</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arterial Catheter</td>
			<td>Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA</td>
			<td>C-PMS-300-RA/G01908</td>
			<td>Radial Artery Catheter Set 3.0Fr./5cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blood Pressure Amp</td>
			<td>AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>FE117</td>
			<td>https://www.adinstruments.com/products/bp-blood-pressure-amp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Central Venous Catheter Introducer</td>
			<td>Arrow International Inc, Reading, PA, USA</td>
			<td>AK-09800</td>
			<td>8.5 Fr. x 4&#34; (10 cm) Arrow-Flex</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Central Venous Catheter-Introducer</td>
			<td>Arrow International</td>
			<td>CP-07611-P</td>
			<td>Super Arrow-Flex Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Kit 6Fr./7.5cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable BP Transducers</td>
			<td>AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>MLT0670</td>
			<td>https://www.adinstruments.com/products/disposable-bp-transducers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kendall 930 FoamElectrodes</td>
			<td>Covidien, Mansfield, MA, USA</td>
			<td>22935</td>
			<td>https://www.cardinalhealth.com/en/product-solutions/medical/patient-monitoring/electrocardiography/monitoring-ecg-electrodes/radiolucent-electrodes/kendall-930-series-radiolucent-foam-electrodes.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart 8 software</td>
			<td>AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>https://www.adinstruments.com/products/labchart</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peripheral IV Catheter Angiocath 18-24 Gauge 1.16 inch</td>
			<td>McKesson, Irving, TX, USA</td>
			<td>329830</td>
			<td>https://mms.mckesson.com/product/329830/Becton-Dickinson-381144</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PlamaLyte Crystilloid Solution</td>
			<td>Baxter International, Deerfield, IL USA</td>
			<td>2B2544X</td>
			<td>https://www.ciamedical.com/baxter-2b2544x-each-solution-plasma-lyte-a-inj-ph-7-4-1000ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerLab</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>https://www.adinstruments.com/products/powerlab/c?creative=532995768429&#38;keyword= 
			powerlab&#38;matchtype=e&#38;network= 
			g&#38;device=c&#38;gclid=CjwKCAjwysipB 
			hBXEiwApJOcu-ulfO0bfCc-j6B7PpO 
			kOAGur8IZ4SWNkhNZ7mORGstO 
			vKON6plWLxoCigsQAvD_BwE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pulmonary Artery Catheter</td>
			<td>Edwards Life Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA</td>
			<td>TS105F5</td>
			<td>True Size Thermodilution Catheter 24cm Proximal Port- Swan Ganz&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pulmonary Artery Catheter (7F)</td>
			<td>Edwards Life Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA</td>
			<td>131F7</td>
			<td>Swan Ganz 7F x 110cm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telazol (Tiletamine HCl and Zolazepam HCl), Injectable Solution, 5 mL</td>
			<td>Patterson Veterinary, Loveland, CO 80538</td>
			<td>07-801-4969</td>
			<td>https://www.pattersonvet.com/ProductItem/078014969?omni=telazol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Terumo Sarns 8000 Roller Pump</td>
			<td>Terumo Cardiovascular, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</td>
			<td>16402</td>
			<td>https://aamedicalstore.com/products/terumo-sarns%E2%84%A2-8000-roller-pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine HCl 100 mg/mL, Injectable Solution, 50 mL</td>
			<td>Patterson Veterinary, Loveland, CO 80538</td>
			<td>07-894-5244</td>
			<td>https://www.pattersonvet.com/ProductItem/078945244</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yorkshire Adult Pigs</td>
			<td>Oak Hill Genetics, Ewing, IL, USA</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Yorkshire/Landrace 81-100lbs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yorkshire Piglets</td>
			<td>Oak Hill Genetics&#160;</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Female &#34;piglet&#34;, specify age 5 weeks with a correlating healthy weight range (approximately 10-20lbs.)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

adult and pediatric porcine model of acute volume overload

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Exploring Venous Waveforms in Porcine Models to Tackle Volume Overload in Medicine at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：探索猪模型中的静脉波形以解决医学中的容量超负荷

成人和儿童猪急性容量超负荷模型

This protocol describes an acute volume overload porcine model for adult Yorkshire pigs and piglets. Both swine ages undergo general anesthesia, ...

adult-and-pediatric-porcine-model-of-acute-volume-overload

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Adult and Pediatric Porcine Model of Acute Volume Overload

459 次观看.  Vanderbilt University Medical Center. 我们团队的转化研究是血管波形，特别是低频静脉波形，在各种容量和呼吸状态下如何变化。我们正在努力更好地了解和改进卷状态监控。我们的研究表明，通过正确分析脉搏率的基频和谐波，我们可以明智地监测音量状态。这一新发现令人兴奋的是，我们可能能够以非侵入性方式实现更好的体积状态监测。鉴于我们研究的新颖性，在极端人类...

视频: 作者聚焦：探索猪模型中的静脉波形以解决医学中的容量超负荷

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any potential therapeutic approach directed against acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Current imaging modalities (e.g., echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging) have several limitations since data on LV pressure cannot directly be measured. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion could serve as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.
At the beginning of the procedure, mice were anesthetized followed by endotracheal intubation. For LV catheterization, the right carotid artery was exposed via middle-neck incision. The catheter was introduced and placed into the LV cavity. Left thoracotomy was conducted and the left main coronary artery (LCA) was ligated. To induce reperfusion, the suture was released after 45 min. Pressure-volume data was recorded at all times.
Ligation of the LCA caused a decrease in LV systolic function as evidenced by a 30% reduction in stroke volume, LV ejection fraction (EF), and cardiac output. Maximum dP/dt as a parameter for LV contractility was also significantly reduced and diastolic function was severely impaired (minimum dP/dt -40%). Reperfusion over a period of 20 min did not lead to a complete recovery of LV function.
Real-time pressure-volume analysis served as a valid procedure for monitoring cardiac function during acute myocardial infarction in mice. Maintaining stable anesthesia and a standardized surgical approach was crucial to ensure valid results. As the early phase of acute myocardial infarction is critical for morbidity and mortality, the delineated method could be beneficial for preclinical evaluation of new strategies for cardioprotection.

Acute myocardial infarction in mice induces acute but incompletely characterized changes in left ventricular (LV) function. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion serves as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.

小鼠急性心肌梗死的实时压力容积分析

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any ...

科研

医学

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a widely prevalent heart valve lesion, which causes cardiac remodeling and leads to congestive heart failure. Though the risks of uncorrected MR and its poor prognosis are known, the longitudinal changes in cardiac function, structure and remodeling are incompletely understood. This knowledge gap has limited our understanding of the optimal timing for MR correction, and the benefit that early versus late MR correction may have on the left ventricle. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie left ventricular remodeling in the setting of MR, animal models are necessary. Traditionally, the aorto-caval fistula model has been used to induce volume overload, which differs from clinically relevant lesions such as MR. MR represents a low-pressure volume overload hemodynamic stressor, which requires animal models that mimic this condition. Herein, we describe a rodent model of severe MR in which the anterior leaflet of the rat mitral valve is perforated with a 23G needle, in a beating heart, with echocardiographic image guidance. The severity of MR is assessed and confirmed with echocardiography, and the reproducibility of the model is reported.&#160;&#160;

A rodent model of left heart volume overload from mitral regurgitation is reported. Mitral regurgitation of controlled severity is induced by advancing a needle of defined dimensions into the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, in a beating heart, with ultrasound guidance.&#160;

大鼠中三极重化控制体积过载的图像引导透射斜线阀传单穿刺模型

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a widely prevalent heart valve lesion, which causes cardiac remodeling and leads to congestive heart failure. Though the ...

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Cisplatin is commonly used as chemotherapy. Although it has positive effects in cancer-treated individuals, cisplatin can easily accumulate in the kidney due to its low molecular weight. Such accumulation causes the death of tubular cells and can induce the development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is characterized by a quick decrease in kidney function, tissue damage, and immune cells infiltration. If administered in specific doses cisplatin can be a useful tool as an AKI inducer in animal models. The zebrafish has appeared as an interesting model to study renal function, kidney regeneration, and injury, as renal structures conserve functional similarities with mammals. Adult zebrafish injected with cisplatin shows decreased survival, kidney cell death, and increased inflammation markers after 24 h post-injection (hpi). In this model, immune cells infiltration and cell death can be assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. This protocol describes the procedures to induce AKI in adult zebrafish by intraperitoneal cisplatin injection and subsequently demonstrates how to collect the renal tissue for flow cytometry processing and cell death TUNEL assay. These techniques will be useful to understand the effects of cisplatin as a nephrotoxic agent and will contribute to the expansion of AKI models in adult zebrafish. This model can also be used to study kidney regeneration, in the search for compounds that treat or prevent kidney damage and to study inflammation in AKI. Moreover, the methods used in this protocol will improve the characterization of tissue damage and inflammation, which are therapeutic targets in kidney-associated comorbidities.

This protocol describes the procedures to induce Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in adult zebrafish using cisplatin as a nephrotoxic agent. We detailed the steps to evaluate the reproducibility of the technique and two techniques to analyze inflammation and cell death in the renal tissue, flow cytometry and TUNEL, respectively.

成人斑马鱼中西斯铂诱导的急性肾损伤模型

Cisplatin is commonly used as chemotherapy. Although it has positive effects in cancer-treated individuals, cisplatin can easily accumulate in the kidney ...

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure and death in critically ill patients, and there is an urgent need to find effective therapies. Preclinical studies have shown that inhaled halogenated agents may have beneficial effects in animal models of ARDS. The development of new devices to administer halogenated agents using modern intensive care unit (ICU) ventilators has significantly simplified the dispensing of halogenated agents to ICU patients. Because previous experimental and clinical research suggested potential benefits of halogenated volatiles, such as sevoflurane or isoflurane, for lung alveolar epithelial injury and inflammation, two pathophysiologic landmarks of diffuse alveolar damage during ARDS, we designed an animal model to understand the mechanisms of the effects of halogenated agents on lung injury and repair. After general anesthesia, tracheal intubation, and the initiation of mechanical ventilation, ARDS was induced in piglets via the intratracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid. Then, the piglets were sedated with inhaled sevoflurane or isoflurane using an ICU-type device, and the animals were ventilated with lung-protective mechanical ventilation during a 4 h period. During the study period, blood and alveolar samples were collected to evaluate arterial oxygenation, the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, alveolar fluid clearance, and lung inflammation. Mechanical ventilation parameters were also collected throughout the experiment. Although this model induced a marked decrease in arterial oxygenation with altered alveolar-capillary permeability, it is reproducible and is characterized by a rapid onset, good stability over time, and no fatal complications.
We have developed a piglet model of acid aspiration that reproduces most of the physiological, biological, and pathological features of clinical ARDS, and it will be helpful to further our understanding of the potential lung-protective effects of halogenated agents delivered through devices used for inhaled ICU sedation.

We describe a model of hydrochloric acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in piglets receiving sedation with halogenated agents, isoflurane and sevoflurane, through a device used for inhaled intensive care sedation. This model can be used to investigate the biological mechanisms of halogenated agents on lung injury and repair.

重症监护病房型装置在猪模型急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的卤化剂递送

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure and death in critically ill patients, and there is an urgent ...

Closed Chest Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recordings with Admittance Catheters in a Porcine Model

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. 
We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. 
The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.

Here we present a closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular pressure-volume loop recordings in pigs with acute right ventricular dysfunction.

猪模型中闭合胸部双心室压力-体积循环记录与导管

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular ...

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow tract or bioprosthetic valve dysfunction, with excellent early and late clinical outcomes. However, clinical challenges such as stented heart valve deterioration, coronary occlusion, endocarditis, and other complications must be addressed for lifetime application, particularly in pediatric patients. To facilitate the development of a lifelong solution for patients, transcatheter autologous pulmonary valve replacement was performed in an adult sheep model. The autologous pericardium was harvested from the sheep via left anterolateral minithoracotomy under general anesthesia with ventilation. The pericardium was placed on a 3D shaping heart valve model for non-toxic cross-linking for 2 days and 21 h. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and angiography were performed to assess the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the native pulmonary valve (NPV). After trimming, the crosslinked pericardium was sewn onto a self-expandable Nitinol stent and crimped into a self-designed delivery system. The autologous pulmonary valve (APV) was implanted at the NPV position via left jugular vein catheterization. ICE and angiography were repeated to evaluate the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the APV. An APV was successfully implanted in&#160;sheep J. In this paper, sheep J was selected to obtain representative results. A 30 mm APV with a Nitinol stent was accurately implanted at the NPV position without any significant hemodynamic change. There was no paravalvular leak, no new pulmonary valve insufficiency, or stented pulmonary valve migration. This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety, in a long-time follow-up, of developing an APV for implantation at the NPV position with a self-expandable Nitinol stent via jugular vein catheterization in an adult sheep model.

This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of developing an autologous pulmonary valve for implantation at the native pulmonary valve position by using a self-expandable Nitinol stent in an adult sheep model. This is a step toward developing transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction.

成年绵羊模型中自体心包经导管肺动脉瓣置换术，使用自扩展镍钛诺支架

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow ...

改良动静脉瘘手术建立 RV 体积超负荷小鼠模型

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model

Right ventricular (RV) volume overload (VO) is common in children with congenital heart disease. In view of distinct developmental stages,the RV myocardium may respond differently to VO in children compared to adults. The present study aims to establish a postnatal RV VO model in mice using a modified abdominal arteriovenous fistula. To confirm the creation of VO and the following morphological and hemodynamic changes of the RV, abdominal ultrasound, echocardiography, and histochemical staining were performed for 3 months. As a result, the procedure in postnatal mice showed an acceptable survival and fistula success rate. In VO mice, the RV cavity was enlarged with a thickened free wall, and the stroke volume was increased by about 30%-40% within 2 months after surgery. Thereafter, the RV systolic pressure increased, corresponding pulmonary valve regurgitation was observed, and small pulmonary artery remodeling appeared. In conclusion, modified arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgery is feasible to establish the RV VO model in postnatal mice. Considering the probability of fistula closure and elevated pulmonary artery resistance, abdominal ultrasound and echocardiography must be performed to confirm the model status before application.

作者聚焦：出生后右心室容量超负荷小鼠模型的建立和确认  

This protocol presents the establishment and confirmation of a postnatal right ventricular volume overload (VO) model in mice with abdominal arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which can be applied to investigate how VO contributes to postnatal heart development.