<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>使用体外冲击波疗法 （ESWT） 治疗跟腱病

<ol>
	<li>Wang, J. H., Guo, Q., Li, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tendon+biomechanics+and+mechanobiology-a+minireview+of+basic+concepts+and+recent+advancements.">Tendon biomechanics and mechanobiology-a minireview of basic concepts and recent advancements.</a> Journal of Hand Therapy. 25 (2), 133-141 (2012).</li><li>Li, H. Y., Hua, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendinopathy:+current+concepts+about+the+basic+science+and+clinical+treatments.">Achilles tendinopathy: current concepts about the basic science and clinical treatments.</a> BioMed Research International. 2016, 6492597 (2016).</li><li>Del Buono, A., Chan, O., Maffulli, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendon:+functional+anatomy+and+novel+emerging+models+of+imaging+classification.">Achilles tendon: functional anatomy and novel emerging models of imaging classification.</a> International Orthopedics. 37, 715-721 (2013).</li><li>Paavola, M., Kannus, P., Paakkala, T., Pasanen, M., J&#228;rvinen, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+prognosis+of+patients+with+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Long-term prognosis of patients with Achilles tendinopathy.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 28 (5), 634-642 (2000).</li><li>Cardoso, T. B., Pizzari, T., Kinsella, R., Hope, D., Cook, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+trends+in+tendinopathy+management.">Current trends in tendinopathy management.</a> Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology. 33 (1), 122-140 (2019).</li><li>Maffulli, N., Longo, U. G., Maffulli, G. D., Khanna, A., Denaro, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendon+ruptures+in+elite+athletes.">Achilles tendon ruptures in elite athletes.</a> Foot &amp; Ankle International. 32 (1), 9-15 (2011).</li><li>vander Plas, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+5-year+follow-up+study+of+Alfredson's+heel-drop+exercise+programme+in+chronic+midportion+Achilles+tendinopathy.">A 5-year follow-up study of Alfredson's heel-drop exercise programme in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.</a> British Journal of Sports Medicine. 46 (3), 214-218 (2012).</li><li>Louwerens, J. K., Sierevelt, I. N., van Noort, A., vanden Bekerom, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+minimally+invasive+therapies+in+the+management+of+chronic+calcific+tendinopathy+of+the+rotator+cuff:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Evidence for minimally invasive therapies in the management of chronic calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 23 (8), 1240-1249 (2014).</li><li>Liao, C. D., Tsauo, J. Y., Chen, H. C., Liou, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+for+lower-limb+tendinopathy:+a+meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials.">Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for lower-limb tendinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a> American Journal of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation. 97 (9), 605-619 (2018).</li><li>Ioppolo, F., Rompe, J. D., Furia, J. P., Cacchio, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+application+of+shock+wave+therapy+(SWT)+in+musculoskeletal+disorders.">Clinical application of shock wave therapy (SWT) in musculoskeletal disorders.</a> European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 50 (2), 217-230 (2014).</li><li>d'Agostino, M. C., Craig, K., Tibalt, E., Respizzi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shock+wave+as+biological+therapeutic+tool:+From+mechanical+stimulation+to+recovery+and+healing,+through+mechanotransduction.">Shock wave as biological therapeutic tool: From mechanical stimulation to recovery and healing, through mechanotransduction.</a> International Journal of Surgery. 24, 147-153 (2015).</li><li>Foldager, C. B., Kearney, C., Spector, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+application+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+in+orthopedics:+focused+versus+unfocused+shock+waves.">Clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in orthopedics: focused versus unfocused shock waves.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &amp; Biology. 38 (10), 1673-1680 (2012).</li><li>Moya, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+extracorporeal+shockwave+treatment+in+musculoskeletal+disorders.">The role of extracorporeal shockwave treatment in musculoskeletal disorders.</a> The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 100 (3), 251-263 (2018).</li><li>Wang, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+of+articular+cartilage+and+subchondral+bone+after+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+in+osteoarthritis+of+the+knee.">Changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone after extracorporeal shockwave therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee.</a> International Journal of Medical Sciences. 14 (3), 213-223 (2017).</li><li>Holfeld, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+energy+shock+wave+therapy+induces+angiogenesis+in+acute+hind-limb+ischemia+via+VEGF+receptor+2+phosphorylation.">Low energy shock wave therapy induces angiogenesis in acute hind-limb ischemia via VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation.</a> PLoS One. 9 (8), e103982 (2014).</li><li>Tara, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-energy+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+improves+microcirculation+blood+flow+of+ischemic+limbs+in+patients+with+peripheral+arterial+disease:+pilot+study.">Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves microcirculation blood flow of ischemic limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease: pilot study.</a> Journal of Nippon Medical School. 81 (1), 19-27 (2014).</li><li>Abe, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+low-energy+shock-wave+therapy+exerts+anti-inflammatory+effects+in+a+rat+model+of+acute+myocardial+infarction.">Extracorporeal low-energy shock-wave therapy exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction.</a> Circulation Journal. 78 (12), 2915-2925 (2014).</li><li>Chen, Y. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+effectively+prevented+diabetic+neuropathy.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy effectively prevented diabetic neuropathy.</a> American Journal of Translational Research. 7 (12), 2543-2560 (2015).</li><li>Davis, T. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+suppresses+the+early+proinflammatory+immune+response+to+a+severe+cutaneous+burn+injury.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy suppresses the early proinflammatory immune response to a severe cutaneous burn injury.</a> International Wound Journal. 6 (1), 11-21 (2009).</li><li>Wess, O. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+neural+model+for+chronic+pain+and+pain+relief+by+extracorporeal+shock+wave+treatment.">A neural model for chronic pain and pain relief by extracorporeal shock wave treatment.</a> Urological Research. 36, 327-334 (2008).</li><li>Waugh, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+biological+response+to+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+in+human+tendinopathy:+Response+of+tendinopathy+to+shockwave+therapy.">In vivo biological response to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in human tendinopathy: Response of tendinopathy to shockwave therapy.</a> European Cells and Materials. 29, 268-280 (2015).</li><li>Chen, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+response+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+to+tendinopathy+in+vivo(review).">Biological response of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to tendinopathy in vivo(review).</a> Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 9, 851894 (2022).</li><li>Stania, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+for+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for Achilles tendinopathy.</a> BioMed Research International. 2019, 3086910 (2019).</li><li>Rompe, J. D., Furia, J., Maffulli, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eccentric+loading+versus+eccentric+loading+plus+shock-wave+treatment+for+midportion+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+randomized+controlled+trial.">Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock-wave treatment for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial.</a> American Journal of Sports Medicine. 37 (3), 463-470 (2009).</li><li>Vo, T. P., Ho, G. W., Andrea, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendinopathy,+a+brief+review+and+update+of+current+literature.">Achilles tendinopathy, a brief review and update of current literature.</a> Current Sports Medicine Reports. 20 (9), 453-461 (2021).</li><li>Pavone, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-energy+extracorporeal+shock-wave+therapy+in+the+treatment+of+chronic+insertional+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+case+series.">Low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in the treatment of chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a case series.</a> BioMed Research International. 2016, 7123769 (2016).</li><li>Saxena, A., Ramdath Jr, S., O'Halloran, P., Gerdesmeyer, L., Gollwitzer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extra-corporeal+pulsed-activated+therapy+(&amp;#34;EPAT&amp;#34;+sound+wave)+for+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+prospective+study.">Extra-corporeal pulsed-activated therapy (&amp;#34;EPAT&amp;#34; sound wave) for Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective study.</a> The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 50 (3), 315-319 (2011).</li><li>Vahdatpour, B., Forouzan, H., Momeni, F., Ahmadi, M., Taheri, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+for+chronic+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+randomized+clinical+trial.">Effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized clinical trial.</a> Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 23, 37 (2018).</li><li>Wheeler, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+plus+rehabilitation+for+insertional+and+noninsertional+Achilles+tendinopathy+shows+good+results+across+a+range+of+domains+of+function.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy plus rehabilitation for insertional and noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy shows good results across a range of domains of function.</a> The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 58 (4), 617-622 (2019).</li><li>Taylor, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+(ESWT)+for+refractory+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+prospective+audit+with+2-year+follow-up.">Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for refractory Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective audit with 2-year follow-up.</a> The Foot. 26, 23-29 (2016).</li><li>Wheeler, P. C., Tattersall, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+interventions+for+recalcitrant+Achilles+tendinopathy:+benefits+seen+following+high-volume+image-guided+injection+or+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy-a+prospective+cohort+study.">Novel interventions for recalcitrant Achilles tendinopathy: benefits seen following high-volume image-guided injection or extracorporeal shockwave therapy-a prospective cohort study.</a> Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 30 (1), 14-19 (2020).</li><li>Murphy, M., Travers, M., Gibson, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+heavy+eccentric+calf+training+superior+to+wait-and-see,+sham+rehabilitation,+traditional+physiotherapy+and+other+exercise+interventions+for+pain+and+function+in+mid-portion+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Is heavy eccentric calf training superior to wait-and-see, sham rehabilitation, traditional physiotherapy and other exercise interventions for pain and function in mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy.</a> Systematic Reviews. 7 (1), 1-7 (2018).</li><li>Furia, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-energy+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+as+a+treatment+for+insertional+Achilles+tendinopathy.">High-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 34 (5), 733-740 (2006).</li><li>Chao, Y. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+shock+waves+on+tenocyte+proliferation+and+extracellular+matrix+metabolism.">Effects of shock waves on tenocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix metabolism.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &amp; Biology. 34 (5), 841-852 (2008).</li><li>Rasmussen, S., Christensen, M., Mathiesen, I., Simonson, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shockwave+therapy+for+chronic+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+double-blind,+randomized+clinical+trial+of+efficacy.">Shockwave therapy for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy.</a> Acta Orthopaedical. 79 (2), 249-256 (2008).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ESWT device</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>&#160;Intelect RPW 2074-INT</td>
			<td>incorporate touch screen technology to ensure a high degree of simplicity. The easy-to-use menu-drive user interface guarantees reliable selection of all necessary parameters for treatment set-up as well as during patient treatment.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel</td>
			<td>KeppLer</td>
			<td>KL-250 type II</td>
			<td>In order to obtain the best treatment results, it is necessary to ensure good contact between shock wave transducers and the patient&#39;s skin during treatment.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Handpiece</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>D-ACTOR Apllicator</td>
			<td>The handle of the therapeutic apparatus can be used with a variety of transmitters, each of which is specially designed to achieve optimal efficacy.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mark pen</td>
			<td>general</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue</td>
			<td>general</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>transmitters</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>R15,D20</td>
			<td>Each type of transmitter has its own unique therapeutic effect and scope of application.In our study, we use R15 and D20.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a treatment protocol for achilles tendinopathy with extracorporeal shockwave therapy

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：体外冲击波疗法在跟腱病治疗中的有效性

体外冲击波疗法治疗跟腱病的方案

Achilles tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain, lower muscle strength, gait abnormality, and reduced quality of life. ...

a-treatment-protocol-for-achilles-tendinopathy-with-extracorporeal

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Treatment Protocol for Achilles Tendinopathy with Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy

856 次观看.  The First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine. 尽管体外冲击波疗法 （ESWT） 被认为对跟腱病治疗有效，但关于放射 ESWT 技术的报道多种多样，但对参数没有任何共识。在这里，我们提出了使用 ESWT 治疗跟腱病的详细治疗方案。该领域的最新发展侧重于高质量的临床研究和更准确的信息，以便为每种类型的肌腱病定义最佳治疗方案。将 ESWT 与其他疗法相结合，尤其是离心运动，可能会进一步...

视频: 作者聚焦：体外冲击波疗法在跟腱病治疗中的有效性

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting. Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological pathways of the stress response in health and disease are fundamental to the progress of research in stress and anxiety.1 Although numerous protocols exist for inducing stress response in the laboratory, many neglect to provide a naturalistic context or to incorporate aspects of social and psychological stress. Of psychological stress protocols, meta-analysis suggests that the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is the most useful and appropriate standardized protocol for studies of stress hormone reactivity.2 In the original description of the TSST, researchers sought to design and evaluate a procedure capable of inducing a reliable stress response in the majority of healthy volunteers.3 These researchers found elevations in heart rate, blood pressure and several endocrine stress markers in response to the TSST (a psychological stressor) compared to a saline injection (a physical stressor).3 Although the TSST has been modified to meet the needs of various research groups, it generally consists of a waiting period upon arrival, anticipatory speech preparation, speech performance, and verbal arithmetic performance periods, followed by one or more recovery periods. The TSST requires participants to prepare and deliver a speech, and verbally respond to a challenging arithmetic problem in the presence of a socially evaluative audience.3 Social evaluation and uncontrollability have been identified as key components of stress induction by the TSST.4 In use for over a decade, the goal of the TSST is to systematically induce a stress response in order to measure differences in reactivity, anxiety and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis during the task.1 Researchers generally assess changes in self-reported anxiety, physiological measures (e.g. heart rate), and/or neuroendocrine indices (e.g. the stress hormone cortisol) in response to the TSST. Many investigators have adopted salivary sampling for stress markers such as cortisol and alpha-amylase (a marker of autonomic nervous system activation) as an alternative to blood sampling to reduce the confounding stress of blood-collection techniques. In addition to changes experienced by an individual completing the TSST, researchers can compare changes between different treatment groups (e.g. clinical versus healthy control samples) or the effectiveness of stress-reducing interventions.1

This article describes a protocol for inducing psychological stress in participants, which enables researchers to measure psychological, physiological and neuroendocrine responses to stress within single participants or between groups.

特里尔社会压力诱发心理应激的测试协议

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting.  Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological ...

科研

医学

Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation of pancreas recovered from cadaveric organ donors. The pancreas is divided into 3 main regions (head, body, tail) followed by serial transverse sections throughout the medial to lateral axis. Alternating sections are used for fixed paraffin and fresh frozen blocks and remnant samples are minced for snap frozen sample preparations, either with or without RNAse inhibitors, for DNA, RNA, or protein isolation. The overall goal of the pancreas dissection procedure is to sample the entire pancreas while maintaining anatomical orientation.
Endocrine cell heterogeneity in terms of islet composition, size, and numbers is reported for human islets compared to rodent islets 1. The majority of human islets from the pancreas head, body and tail regions are composed of insulin-containing &beta;-cells followed by lower proportions of glucagon-containing &alpha;-cells and somatostatin-containing &delta;-cells. Pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells and ghrelin-containing epsilon cells are also present but in small numbers. In contrast, the uncinate region contains islets that are primarily composed of pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells 2. These regional islet variations arise from developmental differences. The pancreas develops from the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds in the foregut and after rotation of the stomach and duodenum, the ventral lobe moves and fuses with the dorsal 3. The ventral lobe forms the posterior portion of the head including the uncinate process while the dorsal lobe gives rise to the rest of the organ. Regional pancreatic variation is also reported with the tail region having higher islet density compared to other regions and the dorsal lobe-derived components undergoing selective atrophy in type 1 diabetes4,5.
Additional organs and tissues are often recovered from the organ donors and include pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen and non-pancreatic lymph nodes. These samples are recovered with similar formats as for the pancreas with the addition of isolation of cryopreserved cells. When the proximal duodenum is included with the pancreas, duodenal mucosa may be collected for paraffin and frozen blocks and minced snap frozen preparations.

This video demonstrates a dissection procedure for processing human pancreas into multiple storage formats. Anatomical orientation is maintained throughout the pancreatic regions to allow definition of regional islet composition and density.

人体胰腺的收集协议

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation ...

Protocols for Assessing Radiofrequency Interactions with Gold Nanoparticles and Biological Systems for Non-invasive Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Cancer therapies which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate deep into the body, causing minimal toxicity, are currently being studied as a viable means of non-invasive cancer therapy. It is envisioned that the interactions of RF energy with internalized nanoparticles (NPs) can liberate heat which can then cause overheating (hyperthermia) of the cell, ultimately ending in cell necrosis.
In the case of non-biological systems, we present detailed protocols relating to quantifying the heat liberated by highly-concentrated NP colloids. For biological systems, in the case of in vitro experiments, we describe the techniques and conditions which must be adhered to in order to effectively expose cancer cells to RF energy without bulk media heating artifacts significantly obscuring the data. Finally, we give a detailed methodology for in vivo mouse models with ectopic hepatic cancer tumors.

We describe the protocols used to investigate the interactions of 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) electric-fields with gold nanoparticle colloids in both non-biological and biological systems (in vitro/vivo). These interactions are being investigated for applications in cancer therapy.

协议的射频评估与互动金纳米粒子和生物系统的非侵入性癌症热疗治疗

Cancer therapies  which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly  desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate ...

Tumor Treating Field Therapy in Combination with Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma

A novel device that employs TTF therapy has recently been developed and is currently in use for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). It was FDA approved in April 2011 for the treatment of patients 22 years or older with rGBM. The device delivers alternating electric fields and is programmed to ensure maximal tumor cell kill1.
Glioblastoma is the most common type of glioma and has an estimated incidence of approximately 10,000 new cases per year in the United States alone2. This tumor is particularly resistant to treatment and is uniformly fatal especially in the recurrent setting3-5. Prior to the approval of the TTF System, the only FDA approved treatment for rGBM was bevacizumab6. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein that drives tumor angiogenesis7. By blocking the VEGF pathway, bevacizumab can result in a significant radiographic response (pseudoresponse), improve progression free survival and reduce corticosteroid requirements in rGBM patients8,9. Bevacizumab however failed to prolong overall survival in a recent phase III trial26. A pivotal phase III trial (EF-11) demonstrated comparable overall survival between physicians&#8217; choice chemotherapy and TTF Therapy but better quality of life were observed in the TTF arm10.
There is currently an unmet need to develop novel approaches designed to prolong overall survival and/or improve quality of life in this unfortunate patient population. One appealing approach would be to combine the two currently approved treatment modalities namely bevacizumab and TTF Therapy. These two treatments are currently approved as monotherapy11,12, but their combination has never been evaluated in a clinical trial. We have developed an approach for combining those two treatment modalities and treated 2 rGBM patients. Here we describe a detailed methodology outlining this novel treatment protocol and present representative data from one of the treated patients.

A novel methodology that is employed for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas is described. This treatment approach employs the application of alternating electric tumor treating fields (TTFields), known as TTF Therapy in combination with bevacizumab, a targeted agent that is currently FDA approved as monotherapy.

肿瘤治疗领域的治疗与联合贝伐单抗治疗复发性胶质母细胞瘤的治疗

A novel device that employs TTF therapy has recently been developed and is currently in use for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). It was FDA ...

Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion (PHP) with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver

Unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer can be treated with systemic chemotherapy, aiming to limit the disease, extend survival or turn unresectable metastases into resectable ones. Some patients however, suffer from side effects or progression under systemic treatment. For patients with metastasized uveal melanoma there are no standard systemic therapy options. For patients without extrahepatic disease, isolated liver perfusion (IHP) may enable local disease control with limited systemic side effects. Previously, this was performed during open surgery with satisfying results, but morbidity and mortality related to the open procedure, prohibited a widespread application. Therefore, percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP) with simultaneous chemofiltration was developed. Besides decreasing morbidity and mortality, this procedure can be repeated, hopefully leading to a higher response rate and improved survival (by local control of disease). During PHP, catheters are placed in the proper hepatic artery, to infuse the chemotherapeutic agent, and in the inferior caval vein to aspirate the chemosaturated blood returning through the hepatic veins. The caval vein catheter is a double balloon catheter that prohibits leakage into the systemic circulation. The blood returning from the hepatic veins is aspirated through the catheter fenestrations and then perfused through an extra-corporeal filtration system. After filtration, the blood is returned to the patient by a third catheter in the right internal jugular vein. During PHP a high dose of melphalan is infused into the liver, which is toxic and would lead to life threatening complications when administered systemically. Because of the significant hemodynamic instability resulting from the combination of caval vein occlusion and chemofiltration, hemodynamic monitoring and hemodynamic support is of paramount importance during this complex procedure.

Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion PHP with Melphalan as a Treatment for Unresectable Metastases Confined to the Liver

In this manuscript, we describe percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion with simultaneous chemofiltration as treatment for unresectable liver metastases. This procedure is performed under general anaesthesia in the angiosuite by an experienced team, consisting of an interventional radiologist, a clinical perfusionist and anaesthesiologist.

经皮肝脏灌注（PHP）与美法仑作为囿于肝脏不能手术切除转移的治疗

Unresectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer can be treated with systemic chemotherapy, aiming to limit the disease, extend survival or turn ...

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased substantially in recent years. ECMO has become a reliable and effective therapy for acute as well as end-stage lung diseases. With the increase in clinical demand and prolonged use of ECMO, procedural optimization and prevention of multi-organ damage are of critical importance. The aim of this protocol is to present a detailed technique of veno-venous ECMO in a non-intubated, spontaneously breathing mouse. This protocol demonstrates the technical design of the ECMO and surgical steps. This murine ECMO model will facilitate the study of pathophysiology related to ECMO (e.g., inflammation,bleeding and thromboembolic events). Due to the abundance of genetically modified mice, the molecular mechanisms involved in ECMO-related complications can also be dissected.

Here we present a protocol describing the technique of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a non-intubated, spontaneously breathing mouse. This murine model of ECMO can be effectively implemented in experimental studies of acute and end-stage lung diseases.

小鼠静脉内膜氧化术

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased substantially in recent years. ECMO has become a reliable and effective therapy for ...

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults

Hemispatial neglect is a common impairment after stroke. It is associated with poor functional and social outcomes. Therefore, an adequate intervention is imperative for the successful management of hemispatial neglect. However, the clinical use of various interventions is limited in real clinical practice. Prism adaptation therapy is one of the most evidence-based rehabilitation modalities to treat hemispatial neglect. To overcome any possible shortcoming that may occur with prism therapy, we developed a new system using immersive virtual reality and depth-sensing camera to create a virtual prism adaptation therapy (VPAT). To validate the VPAT system, we designed an experimental protocol investigating the behavioral errors and changes in cortical activation via the VPAT system. Cortical activation was measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The experiment consisted of four phases. All four included clicking, pointing or rest applied to right-handed healthy people. Clicking versus pointing was used for investigating the cortical region related with the gross motor task, and pointing with VPAT versus pointing without VPAT was used for investigating the cortical region associated with visuospatial perception. The preliminary results from four healthy participants showed that pointing errors by the VPAT system was similar to the conventional prism adaptation therapy. Further analysis with more participants and fNIRS data, as well as a study in patients with stroke may be required.

This experimental protocol demonstrates the use of virtual prism adaptation therapy (VPAT) in healthy adults and the association between VPAT and functional near infrared spectroscopy to determine the effect of VPAT on cortical activation. Results suggest that VPAT may be feasible and could induce similar behavioral adaptation as conventional prism adaptation therapy.

虚拟棱镜适应疗法:健康成人验证协议

Hemispatial neglect is a common impairment after stroke. It is associated with poor functional and social outcomes. Therefore, an adequate intervention is ...

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Periodontal and peri-implant diseases are plaque-induced infections with a high prevalence, seriously impairing people&#39;s quality of life. The diode laser has long been recommended as adjunctive therapy in treating periodontitis. However, the optimal combination of usage mode (inside or outside periodontal pocket) and application regimen (single or multiple sessions of appointment) has not been described in detail. Meanwhile, probiotic Lactobacillus is regarded as a potential adjuvant in the management of the peri-implant disease. Nonetheless, a detailed protocol for an effective probiotic application is lacking. This article aims to summarize two clinical protocols. For periodontitis, the optimal collaboration of laser usage mode and application regimen was identified. Regarding peri-implant mucositis, a combined therapy containing professional topical use and home administration of probiotic Lactobacillus was established. This updated laser protocol clarifies the relationship between the treatment mode (inside or outside the periodontal pocket) and the number of laser appointments, further refining the existing diode laser therapy. For inside pocket irradiation, a single session of laser treatment is suggested whereas, for outside pocket irradiation, multiple sessions of laser treatment provide better effects. The improved probiotic Lactobacillus therapy resulted in the disappearance of swelling of the peri-implant mucosa, a reduced bleeding on probing (BOP), and an obvious reduction and good control of plaque and pigmentation; however, probing pocket depth (PPD) had limited improvement. The current protocol should be regarded as preliminary and could be further enhanced.

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

This article describes two protocols: 1) adjunctive diode laser therapy for treating periodontitis and 2) probiotic Lactobacillus therapy for treating peri-implant disease, with emphasis on the laser usage mode (inside or outside pocket), laser application regimen (single or multiple sessions), and a probiotic protocol of professional and home administration.

辅助二极管激光治疗和益生菌 乳酸杆菌 治疗牙周炎和种植体周围疾病

Periodontal and peri-implant diseases are plaque-induced infections with a high prevalence, seriously impairing people&#39;s quality of life. The diode ...

Treatment Protocol for Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis Using a Single-Crystal Piezoelectric Focused Shock Wave Source

Focused shock waves have emerged as a highly effective noninvasive therapeutic option for the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. There are three types of focused shock wave generators: electrohydraulic, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric. According to our literature search, there are no reports of results with the use of single-crystal piezoelectric generators in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. In a consecutive retrospective series of 23 patients with G&#228;rtner type I and II calcifications of the rotator cuff, we performed three applications of high-energy piezoelectric focused waves (4,000 pulses per session with a frequency of 6 Hz). At the final follow-up (average of 14 months), 82.6% of the cases showed complete resorption of the calcification in radiographic controls. In 8.7% of the cases, partial disappearance of the calcification was achieved, and in the remaining 8.7% there were no significant changes. Single-crystal piezoelectric generators have a success rate comparable to those already reported with electrohydraulic and electromagnetic devices.

Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is a relatively common condition with numerous treatment options. Here, we discuss the indications of focused shock waves generated by a single-crystal piezoelectric device, describe a treatment protocol, and present the preliminary results.

使用单晶压电聚焦冲击波源治疗肩袖钙化性肌腱炎的方案

Focused shock waves have emerged as a highly effective noninvasive therapeutic option for the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. There are ...

Modified Laparoscopic Anatomic Hepatectomy: Two-Surgeon Technique Combined with the Simple Extracorporeal Pringle Maneuver

Laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy (LAH) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide in recent years. However, LAH remains a challenging procedure due to the anatomical characteristics of the liver, with intraoperative hemorrhage being a primary concern. Intraoperative blood loss is the leading cause of conversion to open surgery; therefore, effective management of bleeding and hemostasis is crucial for a successful LAH.
The two-surgeon technique is proposed as an alternative to the traditional single-surgeon approach, with potential benefits in reducing intraoperative bleeding during laparoscopic hepatectomy. However, there remains a lack of evidence to determine which mode of the two-surgeon technique yields superior patient outcomes. Besides, to our knowledge, the LAH technique, which involves the use of a cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) by the primary surgeon while an ultrasonic dissector by the second surgeon, has been rarely reported before.
Herein, we present a modified, two-surgeon LAH technique, wherein one surgeon employs a CUSA while the other uses an ultrasonic dissector. This technique is combined with a simple extracorporeal Pringle maneuver and low central venous pressure (CVP) approach. In this modified technique, the primary and secondary surgeons utilize a laparoscopic CUSA and an ultrasonic dissectorconcurrently to achieve precise and expeditious hepatectomy. A simple extracorporeal Pringle maneuver, combined with the maintenance of low CVP, is employed to regulate the hepatic inflow and outflow in order to minimize intraoperative bleeding. This approach facilitates the attainment of a dry and clean operative field, which allows for the precise ligation and dissection of blood vessels and bile ducts. The modified LAH procedure is simpler and safer due to its effective control over bleeding as well as the seamless transition between the roles of primary and secondary surgeons. It holds great promise for future clinical applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform a modified laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy using improved techniques and instruments.

改良腹腔镜解剖肝切除术:双外科医生技术结合简单的体外普林格尔手法

Laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy (LAH) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide in recent years. However, LAH remains a challenging procedure due to ...