This protocol was approved by our institution&#39;s human research ethics committee and received informed consent from the subjects. Individuals older than 18 years old, both sexes, with a definite diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy, were enrolled. Participants who received ankle surgery recently or were diagnosed with any conditions that were contraindications to the treatment were excluded.
1. Patient evaluation
<ol>
	<li>Clinical examination
	<ol>
		<li>Before implementin...

Using Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) for Treating Achilles Tendinopathy

<ol>
	<li>Wang, J. H., Guo, Q., Li, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tendon+biomechanics+and+mechanobiology-a+minireview+of+basic+concepts+and+recent+advancements.">Tendon biomechanics and mechanobiology-a minireview of basic concepts and recent advancements.</a> Journal of Hand Therapy. 25 (2), 133-141 (2012).</li><li>Li, H. Y., Hua, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendinopathy:+current+concepts+about+the+basic+science+and+clinical+treatments.">Achilles tendinopathy: current concepts about the basic science and clinical treatments.</a> BioMed Research International. 2016, 6492597 (2016).</li><li>Del Buono, A., Chan, O., Maffulli, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendon:+functional+anatomy+and+novel+emerging+models+of+imaging+classification.">Achilles tendon: functional anatomy and novel emerging models of imaging classification.</a> International Orthopedics. 37, 715-721 (2013).</li><li>Paavola, M., Kannus, P., Paakkala, T., Pasanen, M., J&#228;rvinen, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+prognosis+of+patients+with+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Long-term prognosis of patients with Achilles tendinopathy.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 28 (5), 634-642 (2000).</li><li>Cardoso, T. B., Pizzari, T., Kinsella, R., Hope, D., Cook, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+trends+in+tendinopathy+management.">Current trends in tendinopathy management.</a> Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology. 33 (1), 122-140 (2019).</li><li>Maffulli, N., Longo, U. G., Maffulli, G. D., Khanna, A., Denaro, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendon+ruptures+in+elite+athletes.">Achilles tendon ruptures in elite athletes.</a> Foot &amp; Ankle International. 32 (1), 9-15 (2011).</li><li>vander Plas, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+5-year+follow-up+study+of+Alfredson's+heel-drop+exercise+programme+in+chronic+midportion+Achilles+tendinopathy.">A 5-year follow-up study of Alfredson's heel-drop exercise programme in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.</a> British Journal of Sports Medicine. 46 (3), 214-218 (2012).</li><li>Louwerens, J. K., Sierevelt, I. N., van Noort, A., vanden Bekerom, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+minimally+invasive+therapies+in+the+management+of+chronic+calcific+tendinopathy+of+the+rotator+cuff:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Evidence for minimally invasive therapies in the management of chronic calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 23 (8), 1240-1249 (2014).</li><li>Liao, C. D., Tsauo, J. Y., Chen, H. C., Liou, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+for+lower-limb+tendinopathy:+a+meta-analysis+of+randomized+controlled+trials.">Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for lower-limb tendinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a> American Journal of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation. 97 (9), 605-619 (2018).</li><li>Ioppolo, F., Rompe, J. D., Furia, J. P., Cacchio, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+application+of+shock+wave+therapy+(SWT)+in+musculoskeletal+disorders.">Clinical application of shock wave therapy (SWT) in musculoskeletal disorders.</a> European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 50 (2), 217-230 (2014).</li><li>d'Agostino, M. C., Craig, K., Tibalt, E., Respizzi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shock+wave+as+biological+therapeutic+tool:+From+mechanical+stimulation+to+recovery+and+healing,+through+mechanotransduction.">Shock wave as biological therapeutic tool: From mechanical stimulation to recovery and healing, through mechanotransduction.</a> International Journal of Surgery. 24, 147-153 (2015).</li><li>Foldager, C. B., Kearney, C., Spector, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+application+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+in+orthopedics:+focused+versus+unfocused+shock+waves.">Clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in orthopedics: focused versus unfocused shock waves.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &amp; Biology. 38 (10), 1673-1680 (2012).</li><li>Moya, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+extracorporeal+shockwave+treatment+in+musculoskeletal+disorders.">The role of extracorporeal shockwave treatment in musculoskeletal disorders.</a> The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 100 (3), 251-263 (2018).</li><li>Wang, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+of+articular+cartilage+and+subchondral+bone+after+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+in+osteoarthritis+of+the+knee.">Changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone after extracorporeal shockwave therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee.</a> International Journal of Medical Sciences. 14 (3), 213-223 (2017).</li><li>Holfeld, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+energy+shock+wave+therapy+induces+angiogenesis+in+acute+hind-limb+ischemia+via+VEGF+receptor+2+phosphorylation.">Low energy shock wave therapy induces angiogenesis in acute hind-limb ischemia via VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation.</a> PLoS One. 9 (8), e103982 (2014).</li><li>Tara, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-energy+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+improves+microcirculation+blood+flow+of+ischemic+limbs+in+patients+with+peripheral+arterial+disease:+pilot+study.">Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves microcirculation blood flow of ischemic limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease: pilot study.</a> Journal of Nippon Medical School. 81 (1), 19-27 (2014).</li><li>Abe, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+low-energy+shock-wave+therapy+exerts+anti-inflammatory+effects+in+a+rat+model+of+acute+myocardial+infarction.">Extracorporeal low-energy shock-wave therapy exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction.</a> Circulation Journal. 78 (12), 2915-2925 (2014).</li><li>Chen, Y. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+effectively+prevented+diabetic+neuropathy.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy effectively prevented diabetic neuropathy.</a> American Journal of Translational Research. 7 (12), 2543-2560 (2015).</li><li>Davis, T. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+suppresses+the+early+proinflammatory+immune+response+to+a+severe+cutaneous+burn+injury.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy suppresses the early proinflammatory immune response to a severe cutaneous burn injury.</a> International Wound Journal. 6 (1), 11-21 (2009).</li><li>Wess, O. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+neural+model+for+chronic+pain+and+pain+relief+by+extracorporeal+shock+wave+treatment.">A neural model for chronic pain and pain relief by extracorporeal shock wave treatment.</a> Urological Research. 36, 327-334 (2008).</li><li>Waugh, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+biological+response+to+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+in+human+tendinopathy:+Response+of+tendinopathy+to+shockwave+therapy.">In vivo biological response to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in human tendinopathy: Response of tendinopathy to shockwave therapy.</a> European Cells and Materials. 29, 268-280 (2015).</li><li>Chen, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+response+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+to+tendinopathy+in+vivo(review).">Biological response of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to tendinopathy in vivo(review).</a> Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 9, 851894 (2022).</li><li>Stania, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+for+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for Achilles tendinopathy.</a> BioMed Research International. 2019, 3086910 (2019).</li><li>Rompe, J. D., Furia, J., Maffulli, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eccentric+loading+versus+eccentric+loading+plus+shock-wave+treatment+for+midportion+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+randomized+controlled+trial.">Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock-wave treatment for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial.</a> American Journal of Sports Medicine. 37 (3), 463-470 (2009).</li><li>Vo, T. P., Ho, G. W., Andrea, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendinopathy,+a+brief+review+and+update+of+current+literature.">Achilles tendinopathy, a brief review and update of current literature.</a> Current Sports Medicine Reports. 20 (9), 453-461 (2021).</li><li>Pavone, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-energy+extracorporeal+shock-wave+therapy+in+the+treatment+of+chronic+insertional+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+case+series.">Low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in the treatment of chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a case series.</a> BioMed Research International. 2016, 7123769 (2016).</li><li>Saxena, A., Ramdath Jr, S., O'Halloran, P., Gerdesmeyer, L., Gollwitzer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extra-corporeal+pulsed-activated+therapy+(&amp;#34;EPAT&amp;#34;+sound+wave)+for+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+prospective+study.">Extra-corporeal pulsed-activated therapy (&amp;#34;EPAT&amp;#34; sound wave) for Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective study.</a> The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 50 (3), 315-319 (2011).</li><li>Vahdatpour, B., Forouzan, H., Momeni, F., Ahmadi, M., Taheri, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+for+chronic+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+randomized+clinical+trial.">Effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized clinical trial.</a> Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 23, 37 (2018).</li><li>Wheeler, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+plus+rehabilitation+for+insertional+and+noninsertional+Achilles+tendinopathy+shows+good+results+across+a+range+of+domains+of+function.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy plus rehabilitation for insertional and noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy shows good results across a range of domains of function.</a> The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 58 (4), 617-622 (2019).</li><li>Taylor, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+(ESWT)+for+refractory+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+prospective+audit+with+2-year+follow-up.">Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for refractory Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective audit with 2-year follow-up.</a> The Foot. 26, 23-29 (2016).</li><li>Wheeler, P. C., Tattersall, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+interventions+for+recalcitrant+Achilles+tendinopathy:+benefits+seen+following+high-volume+image-guided+injection+or+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy-a+prospective+cohort+study.">Novel interventions for recalcitrant Achilles tendinopathy: benefits seen following high-volume image-guided injection or extracorporeal shockwave therapy-a prospective cohort study.</a> Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 30 (1), 14-19 (2020).</li><li>Murphy, M., Travers, M., Gibson, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+heavy+eccentric+calf+training+superior+to+wait-and-see,+sham+rehabilitation,+traditional+physiotherapy+and+other+exercise+interventions+for+pain+and+function+in+mid-portion+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Is heavy eccentric calf training superior to wait-and-see, sham rehabilitation, traditional physiotherapy and other exercise interventions for pain and function in mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy.</a> Systematic Reviews. 7 (1), 1-7 (2018).</li><li>Furia, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-energy+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+as+a+treatment+for+insertional+Achilles+tendinopathy.">High-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 34 (5), 733-740 (2006).</li><li>Chao, Y. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+shock+waves+on+tenocyte+proliferation+and+extracellular+matrix+metabolism.">Effects of shock waves on tenocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix metabolism.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &amp; Biology. 34 (5), 841-852 (2008).</li><li>Rasmussen, S., Christensen, M., Mathiesen, I., Simonson, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shockwave+therapy+for+chronic+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+double-blind,+randomized+clinical+trial+of+efficacy.">Shockwave therapy for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy.</a> Acta Orthopaedical. 79 (2), 249-256 (2008).</li></ol>

This protocol outlines a standardized treatment protocol for Achilles tendinopathy utilizing radial-ESWT to reduce pain and improve lower extremity function and mobility. It is crucial to closely monitor the patient&#39;s response during treatment to avoid any potential adverse effects. In our study, we observed positive results when we used low-energy ESWT plus eccentric exercise. Table 2 lists the intervention methods and major conclusions of studies on the effectiveness of ESWT for Achilles tendinopat...

The Achilles tendon is one of the most robust tendons in the body, yet it is highly susceptible to injuries. Tendons play a crucial role in enabling joint motion and stability by transmitting tensile loads produced by muscles onto bones1. Tendinopathy&#160;is a concept describing chronic tendon degeneration and deconditioning, also called tendinitis2. However, the exact cause of Achilles Tendinopathy2 remains unclear. It is believed to result from a combination of factors, including overuse stresses, impaired blood flow, and lack of flexibility2. One of the major contributors to the development of Achilles tendon injuries is the excessive load force applied during intense activities such as running, without allowing sufficient time for proper tendon repair1. This continuous stress on the tendon can lead to the gradual accumulation of microtraumas and ultimately result in injury progression3. This highlights the importance of proper management, rest, and adequate rehabilitation periods in preventing such injuries and maintaining the health of the Achilles tendon. The diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy relies mainly on a comprehensive patient history and clinical examination4. A typical symptom is the occurrence of morning stiffness or limited range of motion after prolonged inactivity, accompanied by gradually increasing pain during physical activity2. Athletes often go through pain at the beginning and end of the training, with a period of decreased discomfort in between. However, since the condition worsens, even slight exertion can lead to the onset of pain, greatly affecting daily activities. In severe cases, individuals may even experience pain while at rest5.
The management of Achilles tendinopathy primarily involves conservative approaches, even though approximately 25%-29% of patients may eventually require surgery for the condition5. Cardoso et al.6 summarized an overview of the current treatment of Achilles tendinopathy, including medications, exercise, corticosteroid injections, platelet-rich plasma injections, manual therapy, and modalities. Among these treatments, the most widely recommended is exercise, which targets the injured tendons, especially mechanical loading exercises; eccentric exercise has been considered a better intervention. Even though it has been proven useful to decrease pain and improve function in the short term, a significant portion of patients have not responded to this strategy in a long-term study7, and some patients seek other treatments.
In recent years, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has demonstrated beneficial effects on musculoskeletal disorders and has become an effective treatment for tendinopathy8,9. There is now increasing evidence supporting the effectiveness of ESWT for lower extremity tendinopathy10 and upper extremity tendinopathy11. Originally used in urology for kidney stone treatment, ESWT has found therapeutic application in a wide range of medical and musculoskeletal conditions, making it a major innovation in the field of regenerative medicine12. There are two types of ESWT: focused shock waves and radial pressure waves13,14; the main difference between them is their physical characteristics. As a result, they stimulate diverse regenerative biological reactions in musculoskeletal tissue, activating proteins that play a role in chondroprotection15, vessel regeneration16,17, reducing inflammatory18, anti-apoptosis19, immunomodulation20, neurophysiological mechanisms, and pain relief11. ESWT also triggers the initiation of the healing processes, which facilitates the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of diverse cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and tendon cells. Additionally, it promotes the synthesis of collagen21. Furthermore, ESWT has been found to induce several tendon-specific responses that facilitate the healing progress22.
Although radial-ESWT is considered effective in Achilles tendinopathy treatment, there are various reports on the technique of radial ESWT without any consensus on the parameters. In this paper, we present a detailed treatment protocol for treating Achilles Tendinopathy using ESWT.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ESWT device</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>&#160;Intelect RPW 2074-INT</td>
			<td>incorporate touch screen technology to ensure a high degree of simplicity. The easy-to-use menu-drive user interface guarantees reliable selection of all necessary parameters for treatment set-up as well as during patient treatment.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel</td>
			<td>KeppLer</td>
			<td>KL-250 type II</td>
			<td>In order to obtain the best treatment results, it is necessary to ensure good contact between shock wave transducers and the patient&#39;s skin during treatment.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Handpiece</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>D-ACTOR Apllicator</td>
			<td>The handle of the therapeutic apparatus can be used with a variety of transmitters, each of which is specially designed to achieve optimal efficacy.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mark pen</td>
			<td>general</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue</td>
			<td>general</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>transmitters</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>R15,D20</td>
			<td>Each type of transmitter has its own unique therapeutic effect and scope of application.In our study, we use R15 and D20.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a treatment protocol for achilles tendinopathy with extracorporeal shockwave therapy

Achilles tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain, lower muscle strength, gait abnormality, and reduced quality of life. There are two categories of Achilles tendinopathy: insertional Achilles tendinopathy and mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. Currently, mechanical loading programs are considered the standard of care for the population with Achilles tendinopathy.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is considered a secondary conservative treatment for tendinopathy as it is effective and safe. It can be used either as a monotherapy or as part of a multimodal treatment plan. ESWT has been extensively studied in orthopedics, where it was shown to intensify fracture healing and successfully treat overuse conditions of tendons and fascia. It is believed that shockwaves have both mechanical and cellular effects that ultimately result in the repair of damaged tendinous tissue and improved function of the Achilles tendon. However, there is a lack of consistency in the literature surrounding the effectiveness, especially the protocols. Therefore, we enrolled 36 patients with a diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy, using radial ESWT (0.48 mJ/mm2, 2,000 shockwaves, 10 Hz, 1.6&#160;bars, 2 sessions once a week). Freedom from pain was experienced by 16.7% of these participants, and there was a significant decrease in pain in all of them.

Author Spotlight: Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Achilles Tendinopathy Treatment

A Treatment Protocol for Achilles Tendinopathy with Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy

Although extracorporeal shockwave therapy, or ESWT, is considered effective in Achilles tendinopathy treatment, there are various reports on the technique of radio ESWT without any consensus on the parameters. Here, we present a detailed treatment protocol for treating Achilles tendinopathy with using ESWT. Recent developments in this field focus on high-quality clinical research and the more accurate information in order to define the optimal therapeutic options for each type of tendinopathy.Combine ESWT with other therapies, especially eccentric exercise, may further enhance his effectiveness in improving patient outcomes and pain relief.

A retrospective study of patients with Achilles tendinopathy was performed on individuals older than 18 years old, with a definite diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy. Exclusion criteria were recent ankle surgery or any condition that is a contraindication of ESWT.
This study included 36 participants. diagnosis with Achilles tendinopathy, 18 females and 18 males. Of these patients, their average age was 43.7 years, ranging between 18 and 64 years. All the patients complained of pain; 11 out of ...

Achilles tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition for which loading programs are currently the standard of care. However, the treatment protocols vary. We therefore propose a protocol for Achilles tendinopathy treatment using extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

Achilles tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain, lower muscle strength, gait abnormality, and reduced quality of life. ...

a-treatment-protocol-for-achilles-tendinopathy-with-extracorporeal

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

431 ビュー.  The First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine. 体外衝撃波療法(ESWT)はアキレス腱障害の治療に有効であると考えられていますが、ラジオESWTの技術についてはさまざまな報告がありますが、パラメーターについてはコンセンサスがありません。ここでは、ESWTを使用してアキレス腱鞘炎を治療するための詳細な治療プロトコルを紹介します。この分野の最近の開発は、腱鞘炎の各タイプに最適?...

ビデオ: 著者スポットライト:アキレス腱障害治療における体外衝撃波療法の有効性

Achilles tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition for which loading programs are currently the standard of care. However, the treatment protocols vary. We therefore propose a protocol for Achilles tendinopathy treatment using extracorporeal shockwave...

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performing extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ewst) to treat achilles tendinopathy

Performing Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (EWST) to Treat Achilles Tendinopathy

a standardized murine model of extracorporeal shockwave therapy induced soft tissue regeneration

A Standardized Murine Model of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Induced Soft Tissue Regeneration

This article describes a standardized murine model of tissue regeneration via shockwave...

measurement of healthy and injured triceps surae morphology

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Complexities of Achilles Tendon Injuries &amp;#8212; Research and Future Directions

Ultrasound imaging is becoming more accessible in clinical and research settings, and a consistent protocol will be beneficial for comparison between studies and for clinical interpretations. This protocol for ultrasound evaluation is a valid and reliable method to evaluate Achilles tendon morphology in healthy, tendinopathic, and ruptured tendons.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Achilles Tendon Morphology

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a passive ankle dorsiflexion testing system for an in vivo model of overuse-induced tendinopathy

Author Spotlight: Integrating Mechanical and Biological Analysis in Tendinopathy Research 

This protocol presents a testing system used to induce quantifiable and controlled fatigue injuries in a rat Achilles tendon for an in-vivo model of overuse-induced tendinopathy. The procedure consists of securing the rat's ankle to a joint actuator that performs passive ankle dorsiflexion with a custom-written MATLAB script.

Cyclic Mechanical Loading for Inducing Tendinopathy in Rat Achilles Tendon

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tuina in a frozen shoulder rat model: an efficient and reproducible protocol

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effectiveness of Tuina Therapy for Frozen Shoulder 

This study develops an efficient and reproducible Tuina protocol for treating frozen shoulder established in a rat model. This approach will help to study the Tuina therapy treatment method for frozen...

Tuina Therapy for Frozen Shoulders in a Rat Model

electroacupuncture combined with chinese medicine ironing therapy for functional constipation

Author Spotlight: Treatment of Internal Diseases by Employing the Traditional Chinese Medicine

Electroacupuncture combined with Chinese medicine ironing therapy can effectively improve patients' constipation symptoms and their quality of life. Here, we present a protocol to describe the treatment process of electroacupuncture combined with Chinese medicine ironing therapy for functional...

Improving Constipation 

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du-moxibustion in a mouse model of ankylosing spondylitis

Author Spotlight: Evaluating Traditional Chinese Therapy for Ankylosing Spondylitis in Mice 

This paper describes in detail the operation procedures and precautions to be taken during Du-moxibustion in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in experimental...

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Du-Moxibustion in Ankylosing Spondylitis

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alternative therapy for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: moving cupping along meridians

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Therapeutic Efficacy of Moving Cupping Along Meridians for Acute Exacerbation of COPD

This protocol presents a novel approach to alleviating the symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) by employing moving cupping along meridians therapy to stimulate the first sideline of the bladder...

Cupping Therapy as a Complementary Treatment for AECOPD Relief

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enhancement of facial rejuvenation through a combination of 1565 nm non-ablative fractional laser with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid

Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application

The purpose of this project is to effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions such as erythema and pigmentation after non-ablative fractional laser treatment by combining 1565 non-ablative fractional laser with 30% super molecular salicylic acid, providing patients with a safer new method of facial rejuvenation...

Minimizing Pigmentation in Laser Treatment Using Salicylic Acid

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operation procedure and precautions of lingnan fire-needle therapy in osteoporosis model rats

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Lingnan Fire-Needle Therapy in Osteoporosis Intervention

Here, we present a protocol for the application of Lingnan Fire-Needle therapy in the intervention of osteoporosis model...

Osteoporosis Management in Rats Through Lingnan Fire-Needle Therapy

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acupoint catgut embedding therapy in traditional chinese medicine for managing allergic rhinitis

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Therapeutic Effect of Acupoint Catgut Embedding in Allergic Rhinitis 

This protocol details the procedure for acupoint burrowing and demonstrates its effectiveness in treating allergic...

Evaluating Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy for Allergic Rhinitis Management

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meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of shugan jieyu capsules for the treatment of insomnia

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

The presented protocol describes an investigation strategy and systematic review to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Shugan Jieyu capsules for treating...

roller microneedle combined with tranexamic acid solution in treating melasma

Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma&amp;#8211; Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid

This article presents a protocol to conduct the treatment of melasma by using roller microneedles in combination with tranexamic acid solution and evaluate the...

Enhancing Melasma Treatment with Tranexamic Acid and Microneedling Therapy

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adjunctive diode laser therapy and probiotic lactobacillus therapy in the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implant disease

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

This article describes two protocols: 1) adjunctive diode laser therapy for treating periodontitis and 2) probiotic Lactobacillus therapy for treating peri-implant disease, with emphasis on the laser usage mode (inside or outside pocket), laser application regimen (single or multiple sessions), and a probiotic protocol of professional and home...

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

local hyperthermia for warts treatment

Author Spotlight: Dermatopathology and the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Here, we present a protocol for local hyperthermia, a new and effective therapeutic for treating warts. We also showcase its safety and efficacy as an independent...

Effective Wart Treatment with Local Hyperthermia: A Minimally Invasive Approach

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procedure of moving cupping along meridians therapy in the treatment of aecopd

Procedure of Moving Cupping Along Meridians Therapy in the Treatment of AECOPD

radiation planning assistant - a web-based tool to support high-quality radiotherapy in clinics with limited resources

Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant

This protocol describes a series of automated tools designed for high-quality radiotherapy autocontouring and autoplanning that are being packaged into a web-based service to maximize robustness and scalability while minimizing operational...

Enhancing Radiotherapy with Web-Based Radiation Planning Assistant

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predictive measurement for windlass change in length and selected treatment outcomes in chronic plantar fasciitis

Author Spotlight: Windlass Length Variation in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis Treatment Efficacy

This protocol presents an objective, easy, and economical method to measure the change in length of the windlass in plantar fasciitis and assess the effectiveness of a selected treatment procedure employed in this study over a one-month...

Evaluation of Plantar Fasciitis Using Windlass Length Change

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To begin, place the patient in a comfortable prone position with the target area exposed. After the physical examination, locate the area that requires treatment and mark these points using a felt-tip pen. Use the conductor R15 for tendinopathy and D20 for tendinopathy and the trigger point of the deep muscle.After drying the skin thoroughly, apply an adequate amount of gel to the target area as a coupling agent. To set up the device, press the power on or off button, or touch the liquid crystal display, or LCD. Inspect parameter options on the display and press the buttons directly on the LCD to make a selection.Adjust the parameters using the up and down buttons. Press the pause or stop buttons located on the operator interface to stop the output. To edit the treatment screen and parameters, press the edit button and wait for the edit treatment screen to display.Increase and decrease the parameters on the edit treatment screen by pressing the up and down buttons as needed during the treatment process, based on the patient's tolerance and response. Select the intensity to be used, which is 1.6 Bar in this study. Starting at a lower intensity of the therapy, gradually increase the intensity as high as the patient can tolerate.Set the frequency of the treatment to about 10 hertz here. Establish the desired number of shocks to be applied, which is 2, 000 in this study, and set the number of shocks per treatment within 800 to 3, 000. Begin the treatment by pressing the start button on the user interface and activate the handpiece by pressing the trigger button on the handpiece.During the treatment, maintain the contact between the conductor and the skin tissue and move the handle by drawing a small circle. To pause the therapy at any time, press the pause button on the user interface or the trigger button on the handpiece. To stop the therapy, press the stop button on the user interface.After the treatment, remove any residual coupling gel from the treated area. Plan three sessions spaced one week apart. Outcomes of the treatment protocol applied to patients across both genders showed a significant decrease in pain.The Roles and Maudsley score, which subjectively describes a patient's pain, also significantly decreased after the treatment.