<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Utilizzo della terapia extracorporea con onde d'urto (ESWT) per il trattamento della tendinopatia di Achille

<ol>
	<li>Wang, J. H., Guo, Q., Li, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tendon+biomechanics+and+mechanobiology-a+minireview+of+basic+concepts+and+recent+advancements.">Tendon biomechanics and mechanobiology-a minireview of basic concepts and recent advancements.</a> Journal of Hand Therapy. 25 (2), 133-141 (2012).</li><li>Li, H. Y., Hua, Y. 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B., Pizzari, T., Kinsella, R., Hope, D., Cook, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+trends+in+tendinopathy+management.">Current trends in tendinopathy management.</a> Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology. 33 (1), 122-140 (2019).</li><li>Maffulli, N., Longo, U. G., Maffulli, G. D., Khanna, A., Denaro, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendon+ruptures+in+elite+athletes.">Achilles tendon ruptures in elite athletes.</a> Foot &amp; Ankle International. 32 (1), 9-15 (2011).</li><li>vander Plas, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+5-year+follow-up+study+of+Alfredson's+heel-drop+exercise+programme+in+chronic+midportion+Achilles+tendinopathy.">A 5-year follow-up study of Alfredson's heel-drop exercise programme in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.</a> British Journal of Sports Medicine. 46 (3), 214-218 (2012).</li><li>Louwerens, J. K., Sierevelt, I. N., van Noort, A., vanden Bekerom, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+minimally+invasive+therapies+in+the+management+of+chronic+calcific+tendinopathy+of+the+rotator+cuff:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Evidence for minimally invasive therapies in the management of chronic calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 23 (8), 1240-1249 (2014).</li><li>Liao, C. D., Tsauo, J. Y., Chen, H. C., Liou, T. 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C., Craig, K., Tibalt, E., Respizzi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shock+wave+as+biological+therapeutic+tool:+From+mechanical+stimulation+to+recovery+and+healing,+through+mechanotransduction.">Shock wave as biological therapeutic tool: From mechanical stimulation to recovery and healing, through mechanotransduction.</a> International Journal of Surgery. 24, 147-153 (2015).</li><li>Foldager, C. B., Kearney, C., Spector, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+application+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+in+orthopedics:+focused+versus+unfocused+shock+waves.">Clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in orthopedics: focused versus unfocused shock waves.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &amp; Biology. 38 (10), 1673-1680 (2012).</li><li>Moya, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+extracorporeal+shockwave+treatment+in+musculoskeletal+disorders.">The role of extracorporeal shockwave treatment in musculoskeletal disorders.</a> The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 100 (3), 251-263 (2018).</li><li>Wang, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+of+articular+cartilage+and+subchondral+bone+after+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+in+osteoarthritis+of+the+knee.">Changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone after extracorporeal shockwave therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee.</a> International Journal of Medical Sciences. 14 (3), 213-223 (2017).</li><li>Holfeld, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+energy+shock+wave+therapy+induces+angiogenesis+in+acute+hind-limb+ischemia+via+VEGF+receptor+2+phosphorylation.">Low energy shock wave therapy induces angiogenesis in acute hind-limb ischemia via VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation.</a> PLoS One. 9 (8), e103982 (2014).</li><li>Tara, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-energy+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+improves+microcirculation+blood+flow+of+ischemic+limbs+in+patients+with+peripheral+arterial+disease:+pilot+study.">Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves microcirculation blood flow of ischemic limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease: pilot study.</a> Journal of Nippon Medical School. 81 (1), 19-27 (2014).</li><li>Abe, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+low-energy+shock-wave+therapy+exerts+anti-inflammatory+effects+in+a+rat+model+of+acute+myocardial+infarction.">Extracorporeal low-energy shock-wave therapy exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction.</a> Circulation Journal. 78 (12), 2915-2925 (2014).</li><li>Chen, Y. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+effectively+prevented+diabetic+neuropathy.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy effectively prevented diabetic neuropathy.</a> American Journal of Translational Research. 7 (12), 2543-2560 (2015).</li><li>Davis, T. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+suppresses+the+early+proinflammatory+immune+response+to+a+severe+cutaneous+burn+injury.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy suppresses the early proinflammatory immune response to a severe cutaneous burn injury.</a> International Wound Journal. 6 (1), 11-21 (2009).</li><li>Wess, O. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+neural+model+for+chronic+pain+and+pain+relief+by+extracorporeal+shock+wave+treatment.">A neural model for chronic pain and pain relief by extracorporeal shock wave treatment.</a> Urological Research. 36, 327-334 (2008).</li><li>Waugh, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+biological+response+to+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+in+human+tendinopathy:+Response+of+tendinopathy+to+shockwave+therapy.">In vivo biological response to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in human tendinopathy: Response of tendinopathy to shockwave therapy.</a> European Cells and Materials. 29, 268-280 (2015).</li><li>Chen, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+response+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+to+tendinopathy+in+vivo(review).">Biological response of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to tendinopathy in vivo(review).</a> Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 9, 851894 (2022).</li><li>Stania, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+for+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for Achilles tendinopathy.</a> BioMed Research International. 2019, 3086910 (2019).</li><li>Rompe, J. D., Furia, J., Maffulli, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eccentric+loading+versus+eccentric+loading+plus+shock-wave+treatment+for+midportion+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+randomized+controlled+trial.">Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock-wave treatment for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial.</a> American Journal of Sports Medicine. 37 (3), 463-470 (2009).</li><li>Vo, T. P., Ho, G. W., Andrea, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achilles+tendinopathy,+a+brief+review+and+update+of+current+literature.">Achilles tendinopathy, a brief review and update of current literature.</a> Current Sports Medicine Reports. 20 (9), 453-461 (2021).</li><li>Pavone, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-energy+extracorporeal+shock-wave+therapy+in+the+treatment+of+chronic+insertional+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+case+series.">Low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in the treatment of chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a case series.</a> BioMed Research International. 2016, 7123769 (2016).</li><li>Saxena, A., Ramdath Jr, S., O'Halloran, P., Gerdesmeyer, L., Gollwitzer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extra-corporeal+pulsed-activated+therapy+(&amp;#34;EPAT&amp;#34;+sound+wave)+for+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+prospective+study.">Extra-corporeal pulsed-activated therapy (&amp;#34;EPAT&amp;#34; sound wave) for Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective study.</a> The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 50 (3), 315-319 (2011).</li><li>Vahdatpour, B., Forouzan, H., Momeni, F., Ahmadi, M., Taheri, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+for+chronic+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+randomized+clinical+trial.">Effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized clinical trial.</a> Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 23, 37 (2018).</li><li>Wheeler, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+plus+rehabilitation+for+insertional+and+noninsertional+Achilles+tendinopathy+shows+good+results+across+a+range+of+domains+of+function.">Extracorporeal shock wave therapy plus rehabilitation for insertional and noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy shows good results across a range of domains of function.</a> The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 58 (4), 617-622 (2019).</li><li>Taylor, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy+(ESWT)+for+refractory+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+prospective+audit+with+2-year+follow-up.">Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for refractory Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective audit with 2-year follow-up.</a> The Foot. 26, 23-29 (2016).</li><li>Wheeler, P. C., Tattersall, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+interventions+for+recalcitrant+Achilles+tendinopathy:+benefits+seen+following+high-volume+image-guided+injection+or+extracorporeal+shockwave+therapy-a+prospective+cohort+study.">Novel interventions for recalcitrant Achilles tendinopathy: benefits seen following high-volume image-guided injection or extracorporeal shockwave therapy-a prospective cohort study.</a> Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 30 (1), 14-19 (2020).</li><li>Murphy, M., Travers, M., Gibson, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+heavy+eccentric+calf+training+superior+to+wait-and-see,+sham+rehabilitation,+traditional+physiotherapy+and+other+exercise+interventions+for+pain+and+function+in+mid-portion+Achilles+tendinopathy.">Is heavy eccentric calf training superior to wait-and-see, sham rehabilitation, traditional physiotherapy and other exercise interventions for pain and function in mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy.</a> Systematic Reviews. 7 (1), 1-7 (2018).</li><li>Furia, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-energy+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+as+a+treatment+for+insertional+Achilles+tendinopathy.">High-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.</a> The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 34 (5), 733-740 (2006).</li><li>Chao, Y. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+shock+waves+on+tenocyte+proliferation+and+extracellular+matrix+metabolism.">Effects of shock waves on tenocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix metabolism.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &amp; Biology. 34 (5), 841-852 (2008).</li><li>Rasmussen, S., Christensen, M., Mathiesen, I., Simonson, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shockwave+therapy+for+chronic+Achilles+tendinopathy:+a+double-blind,+randomized+clinical+trial+of+efficacy.">Shockwave therapy for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy.</a> Acta Orthopaedical. 79 (2), 249-256 (2008).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ESWT device</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>&#160;Intelect RPW 2074-INT</td>
			<td>incorporate touch screen technology to ensure a high degree of simplicity. The easy-to-use menu-drive user interface guarantees reliable selection of all necessary parameters for treatment set-up as well as during patient treatment.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel</td>
			<td>KeppLer</td>
			<td>KL-250 type II</td>
			<td>In order to obtain the best treatment results, it is necessary to ensure good contact between shock wave transducers and the patient&#39;s skin during treatment.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Handpiece</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>D-ACTOR Apllicator</td>
			<td>The handle of the therapeutic apparatus can be used with a variety of transmitters, each of which is specially designed to achieve optimal efficacy.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mark pen</td>
			<td>general</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue</td>
			<td>general</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>transmitters</td>
			<td>Chattanooga</td>
			<td>R15,D20</td>
			<td>Each type of transmitter has its own unique therapeutic effect and scope of application.In our study, we use R15 and D20.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a treatment protocol for achilles tendinopathy with extracorporeal shockwave therapy

The Achilles tendon is one of the most robust tendons in the body, yet it is highly susceptible to injuries. Tendons play a crucial role in enabling joint motion and stability by transmitting tensile loads produced by muscles onto bones1. Tendinopathy&#160;is a concept describing chronic tendon degeneration and deconditioning, also called tendinitis2. However, the exact cause of Achilles Tendinopathy2 remains unclear. It is believed to result from a combination of factors, including overuse stresses, impaired blood flow, and lack of flexibility2. One of the major contributors to the development of Achilles tendon injuries is the excessive load force applied during intense activities such as running, without allowing sufficient time for proper tendon repair1. This continuous stress on the tendon can lead to the gradual accumulation of microtraumas and ultimately result in injury progression3. This highlights the importance of proper management, rest, and adequate rehabilitation periods in preventing such injuries and maintaining the health of the Achilles tendon. The diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy relies mainly on a comprehensive patient history and clinical examination4. A typical symptom is the occurrence of morning stiffness or limited range of motion after prolonged inactivity, accompanied by gradually increasing pain during physical activity2. Athletes often go through pain at the beginning and end of the training, with a period of decreased discomfort in between. However, since the condition worsens, even slight exertion can lead to the onset of pain, greatly affecting daily activities. In severe cases, individuals may even experience pain while at rest5.
The management of Achilles tendinopathy primarily involves conservative approaches, even though approximately 25%-29% of patients may eventually require surgery for the condition5. Cardoso et al.6 summarized an overview of the current treatment of Achilles tendinopathy, including medications, exercise, corticosteroid injections, platelet-rich plasma injections, manual therapy, and modalities. Among these treatments, the most widely recommended is exercise, which targets the injured tendons, especially mechanical loading exercises; eccentric exercise has been considered a better intervention. Even though it has been proven useful to decrease pain and improve function in the short term, a significant portion of patients have not responded to this strategy in a long-term study7, and some patients seek other treatments.
In recent years, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has demonstrated beneficial effects on musculoskeletal disorders and has become an effective treatment for tendinopathy8,9. There is now increasing evidence supporting the effectiveness of ESWT for lower extremity tendinopathy10 and upper extremity tendinopathy11. Originally used in urology for kidney stone treatment, ESWT has found therapeutic application in a wide range of medical and musculoskeletal conditions, making it a major innovation in the field of regenerative medicine12. There are two types of ESWT: focused shock waves and radial pressure waves13,14; the main difference between them is their physical characteristics. As a result, they stimulate diverse regenerative biological reactions in musculoskeletal tissue, activating proteins that play a role in chondroprotection15, vessel regeneration16,17, reducing inflammatory18, anti-apoptosis19, immunomodulation20, neurophysiological mechanisms, and pain relief11. ESWT also triggers the initiation of the healing processes, which facilitates the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of diverse cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and tendon cells. Additionally, it promotes the synthesis of collagen21. Furthermore, ESWT has been found to induce several tendon-specific responses that facilitate the healing progress22.
Although radial-ESWT is considered effective in Achilles tendinopathy treatment, there are various reports on the technique of radial ESWT without any consensus on the parameters. In this paper, we present a detailed treatment protocol for treating Achilles Tendinopathy using ESWT.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autore in primo piano: Efficacia della terapia extracorporea con onde d'urto nel trattamento della tendinopatia di Achille

Un protocollo di trattamento per la tendinopatia di Achille con terapia extracorporea con onde d'urto

Although extracorporeal shockwave therapy, or ESWT, is considered effective in Achilles tendinopathy treatment, there are various reports on the technique of radio ESWT without any consensus on the parameters. Here, we present a detailed treatment protocol for treating Achilles tendinopathy with using ESWT. Recent developments in this field focus on high-quality clinical research and the more accurate information in order to define the optimal therapeutic options for each type of tendinopathy.Combine ESWT with other therapies, especially eccentric exercise, may further enhance his effectiveness in improving patient outcomes and pain relief.

Achilles tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain, lower muscle strength, gait abnormality, and reduced quality of life. ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Treatment Protocol for Achilles Tendinopathy with Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy

520 Views.  The First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine. Sebbene la terapia con onde d'urto extracorporee, o ESWT, sia considerata efficace nel trattamento della tendinopatia di Achille, ci sono vari rapporti sulla tecnica della radio ESWT senza alcun consenso sui parametri. Qui, presentiamo un protocollo di trattamento dettagliato per il trattamento della tendinopatia di Achille con l'uso di ESWT. I recenti sviluppi in questo campo si concentrano su una ricerca clinica di alta qualità e su informazioni più accur...