<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>ICSI-ET 小鼠模型研究对葡萄糖代谢的长期影响

<ol>
	<li>Palermo, G., Joris, H., Devroey, P., Van Steirteghem, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pregnancies+after+intracytoplasmic+injection+of+single+spermatozoon+into+an+oocyte.">Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte.</a> Lancet. 340 (8810), 17-18 (1992).</li><li>Flurkey, K. M., Currer, J., Harrison, D. E., Fox, J. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vol.+III+Mouse+models+in+aging+research.+Ch.+20.">Vol. III Mouse models in aging research. Ch. 20.</a> The mouse in biomedical research (second edition). , 637-672 (2007).</li><li>Chen, M., Heilbronn, L. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+health+outcomes+of+human+offspring+conceived+by+assisted+reproductive+technologies+(art).">The health outcomes of human offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (art).</a> J Dev Orig Health Dis. 8 (4), 388-402 (2017).</li><li>Heber, M. F., Ptak, G. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+assisted+reproduction+technologies+on+metabolic+health+and+diseasedagger.">The effects of assisted reproduction technologies on metabolic health and diseasedagger.</a> Biol Reprod. 104 (4), 734-744 (2021).</li><li>Ma, R. C. W., Ng, N. Y. H., Cheung, L. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assisted+reproduction+technology+and+long-term+cardiometabolic+health+in+the+offspring.">Assisted reproduction technology and long-term cardiometabolic health in the offspring.</a> PLoS Med. 18 (9), e1003724 (2021).</li><li>De Waal, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cumulative+effect+of+assisted+reproduction+procedures+on+placental+development+and+epigenetic+perturbations+in+a+mouse+model.">The cumulative effect of assisted reproduction procedures on placental development and epigenetic perturbations in a mouse model.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 24 (24), 6975-6985 (2015).</li><li>Carlin, J., George, R., Reyes, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methyl+donor+supplementation+blocks+the+adverse+effects+of+maternal+high+fat+diet+on+offspring+physiology.">Methyl donor supplementation blocks the adverse effects of maternal high fat diet on offspring physiology.</a> PLoS One. 8 (5), e63549 (2013).</li><li>Hiraoka, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Piezo-icsi+for+human+oocytes.">Piezo-icsi for human oocytes.</a> J Vis Exp. (170), e60224 (2021).</li><li>Sullivan-Pyke, C. S., Senapati, S., Mainigi, M. A., Barnhart, K. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+fertilization+and+adverse+obstetric+and+perinatal+outcomes.">In vitro fertilization and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.</a> Semin Perinatol. 41 (6), 345-353 (2017).</li><li>Luke, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+risk+of+birth+defects+with+conception+by+art.">The risk of birth defects with conception by art.</a> Hum Reprod. 36 (1), 116-129 (2021).</li><li>Norrman, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+disease,+obesity,+and+type+2+diabetes+in+children+born+after+assisted+reproductive+technology:+A+population-based+cohort+study.">Cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes in children born after assisted reproductive technology: A population-based cohort study.</a> PLoS Med. 18 (9), e1003723 (2021).</li><li>Goldsmith, S., Mcintyre, S., Badawi, N., Hansen, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+palsy+after+assisted+reproductive+technology:+A+cohort+study.">Cerebral palsy after assisted reproductive technology: A cohort study.</a> Dev Med Child Neurol. 60 (1), 73-80 (2018).</li><li>Hansen, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intellectual+disability+in+children+conceived+using+assisted+reproductive+technology.">Intellectual disability in children conceived using assisted reproductive technology.</a> Pediatrics. 142 (6), e20181269 (2018).</li><li>Chang, R. C., Wang, H., Bedi, Y., Golding, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preconception+paternal+alcohol+exposure+exerts+sex-specific+effects+on+offspring+growth+and+long-term+metabolic+programming.">Preconception paternal alcohol exposure exerts sex-specific effects on offspring growth and long-term metabolic programming.</a> Epigenetics Chromatin. 12 (1), 9 (2019).</li><li>Grasemann, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parental+diabetes:+The+akita+mouse+as+a+model+of+the+effects+of+maternal+and+paternal+hyperglycemia+in+wildtype+offspring.">Parental diabetes: The akita mouse as a model of the effects of maternal and paternal hyperglycemia in wildtype offspring.</a> PLoS One. 7 (11), e50210 (2012).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1.25% avertin (2,2,2-tribromoethanol)</td>
			<td>Nanjing Aibei</td>
			<td>M2960</td>
			<td>for anesthetization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bacteriological Petri Dishes 35 x 10 mm style w/tight lid, crystal-grade virgin polystyrene, sterile</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bacteriological Petri Dishes 50 x 9 mm style w/tight lid, crystal-grade virgin polystyrene, sterile</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>351006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biosafety Cabinet</td>
			<td>ESCO</td>
			<td>class <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/66212/66212eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> BSC</td>
			<td>Aseptic operations, making culture dishes, aliquoting reagents, etc.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>8000DH</td>
			<td>Embryo culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>SZX16</td>
			<td>Use in mouse embryo transfer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorinert Fc-770</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>F3556</td>
			<td>Fluorinert FC-770 is a thermally stable fully fluorinated liquid with high dielectric strength and resistivity, used as operating fluid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>handheld glucometer</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>AccuChek performa</td>
			<td>Blood glucose measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HTF</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>MR-070-D</td>
			<td>The EmbryoMax Human Tubal Fluid (HTF) (1x), liquid designed for use with Mouse IVF is available in a 50 mL format and has been optimized and validated for Embryo Culture.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydraulic Microinjector</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>CellTram 4r Oil, 5196000030</td>
			<td>For sperm injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>TI2-U</td>
			<td>Micromanipulation observation host</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KSOM</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>MR-020P-D</td>
			<td>(1x), Powder, w/o Phenol Red, 5 x 10 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M2</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>MR-015-D</td>
			<td>EmbryoMax M2 Medium (1x), Liquid, with Phenol Red</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>NARISHIGE</td>
			<td>NTX-N4</td>
			<td>Micromanipulation arm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mineral oil&#160;</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>M8410</td>
			<td>Mineral oil is suitable for use as a cover layer to control evaporation and cross-contamination in various molecular biology applications.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle Cutter</td>
			<td>Nanjing Aibei</td>
			<td>Sutter MF-800</td>
			<td>Use for fabricating micromanipulation needles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle Puller</td>
			<td>Nanjing Aibei</td>
			<td>Sutter model p-100</td>
			<td>Use for making micromanipulation needles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Piezo Drill Trip Mouce ICSI</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5195000.087</td>
			<td>Application of ICSI injection needle.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Piezoelectric Micromanipulator (Membrane Breaker)</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>Eppendorf PiezoXpert</td>
			<td>Use of micro-pulses to break the zona pellucida and oolemma of the oocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pneumatic Microinjector</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>CellTram 4r Air, 5196000013</td>
			<td>For fixing the oocyte</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ready-to-use Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Hcg)</td>
			<td>Nanjing Aibei</td>
			<td>M2520</td>
			<td>Sterilization reagent, intraperitoneal injection. 50 IU/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ready-to-use Pregnant Mare&#39;s Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG)</td>
			<td>Nanjing Aibei</td>
			<td>M2620</td>
			<td>Sterilization reagent, intraperitoneal injection. 50 IU/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>SZX7</td>
			<td>Oocyte retrieval and observation of embryo development</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

monitoring blood glucose in mouse offspring after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring after Intracytoplasmic sperm injection - Embryo Transfer at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:探索卵胞浆内单精子注射对后代的长期健康影响

监测胞浆内单精子注射后小鼠后代的血糖

Human lifespan is considerably long, while mouse models can simulate the entire human lifespan in a relatively short period, with one year of mouse life ...

monitoring-blood-glucose-mouse-offspring-after-intracytoplasmic-sperm

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

425 次观看.  Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics. 我们正在研究 ICSI 中使用的技术是否会导致后代代谢紊乱。这真的很重要，因为它确保了辅助生殖技术的安全和发展。我们的研究为未来的研究奠定了坚实的基础，使研究人员能够探索精子如何随着时间的推移对胚胎生长和后代健康产生影响。我们的团队将专注于 ICSI 后代的心血管健康和免疫系统结果，旨在全面了解他们的长期健康状况。

视频: 作者聚焦:探索卵胞浆内单精子注射对后代的长期健康影响

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

Amphibian eggs have been widely used to study embryonic development. Early embryonic development is driven by maternally stored factors accumulated during oogenesis. In order to study roles of such maternal factors in early embryonic development, it is desirable to manipulate their functions from the very beginning of embryonic development. Conventional ways of gene interference are achieved by injection of antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) or mRNA into fertilized eggs, enabling under- or over-expression of specific proteins, respectively. However, these methods normally require more than several hours until protein expression is affected, and, hence, the interference of gene functions is not effective during early embryonic stages. Here, we introduce an experimental system in which expression levels of maternal proteins can be altered before fertilization. Xenopus laevis oocytes obtained from ovaries are defolliculated by incubating with enzymes. Antisense oligos or mRNAs are injected into defolliculated oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. These oocytes are in vitro matured to eggs at the metaphase II (MII) stage, followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). By this way, up to 10% of ICSI embryos can reach the swimming tadpole stage, thus allowing functional tests of specific gene knockdown or overexpression. This approach can be a useful way to study roles of maternally stored factors in early embryonic development.

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

We describe methods of manipulating Xenopus laevis immature oocytes, in vitro maturation of oocytes to eggs, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This protocol allows degradation of some maternal proteins and overexpression of genes of interest at fertilization, and hence is valuable to study roles of specific factors in early embryonic development.

操作和<em&gt;在体外</em中&gt;成熟<em&gt;非洲爪蟾</em&gt;卵母细胞，其次是胞浆内单精子注射，研究胚胎发育

Amphibian eggs have been widely used to study embryonic development. Early embryonic development is driven by maternally stored factors accumulated during ...

科研

发育生物学

Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange

Gene engineering in mouse embryos or embryonic stem cells (mESCs) allows for the study of the function of a given protein. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell and often consist of multiple functional domains, which can be influenced by posttranslational modifications. The depletion of the entire protein in conditional or constitutive knock-out (KO) mice does not take into account this functional diversity and regulation. An mESC line and a derived mouse model, in which a docking site for FLPe recombination-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) was inserted within the ROSA26 (R26) locus, was previously reported. Here, we report on a structure-function approach that allows for molecular dissection of the different functionalities of a multidomain protein. To this end, RMCE-compatible mice must be crossed with KO mice and then RMCE-compatible KO mESCs must be isolated. Next, a panel of putative rescue constructs can be introduced into the R26 locus via RMCE targeting. The candidate rescue cDNAs can be easily inserted between RMCE sites of the targeting vector using recombination cloning. Next, KO mESCs are transfected with the targeting vector in combination with an FLPe recombinase expression plasmid. RMCE reactivates the promoter-less neomycin-resistance gene in the ROSA26 docking sites and allows for the selection of the correct targeting event. In this way, high targeting efficiencies close to 100% are obtained, allowing for insertion of multiple putative rescue constructs in a semi-high throughput manner. Finally, a multitude of R26-driven rescue constructs can be tested for their ability to rescue the phenotype that was observed in parental KO mESCs. We present a proof-of-principle structure-function study in p120 catenin (p120ctn) KO mESCs using endoderm differentiation in embryoid bodies (EBs) as the phenotypic readout. This approach enables the identification of important domains, putative downstream pathways, and disease-relevant point mutations that underlie KO phenotypes for a given protein.

Proteins often contain multiple domains that can exert different cellular functions. Gene knock-outs (KO) do not consider this functional diversity. Here, we report a recombination-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE)-based structure-function approach in KO embryonic stem cells that allows for the molecular dissection of various functional domains or variants of a protein.

在小鼠胚胎干细胞结构功能研究使用重组酶介导的盒式交换

Gene engineering in mouse embryos or embryonic stem cells (mESCs) allows for the study of the function of a given protein. Proteins are the workhorses of ...

An In Vivo Method to Study Mouse Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity

Spermatogenesis is the development of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. This process is supported by Sertoli cell junctions at the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which is the tightest tissue barrier in the mammalian body and segregates the seminiferous epithelium into two compartments, a basal and an adluminal. The BTB creates a unique microenvironment for germ cells in meiosis I/II and for the development of postmeiotic spermatids into spermatozoa via spermiogenesis. Here, we describe a reliable assay to monitor BTB integrity of mouse testis in vivo. An intact BTB blocks the diffusion of FITC-conjugated inulin from the basal to the apical compartment of the seminiferous tubules. This technique is suitable for studying gene candidates, viruses, or environmental toxicants that may affect BTB function or integrity, with an easy procedure and a minimal requirement of surgical skills compared to alternative methods.

An In Vivo Method to Study Mouse Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity

Here, we present a protocol to assess the blood-testis barrier integrity by injecting inulin-FITC into testes. This is an efficient in vivo method to study blood-testis barrier integrity that can be compromised by genetic and environmental elements.

小鼠血睾丸屏障完整性的一种活体研究方法

Spermatogenesis is the development of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. This process is supported by ...

Fluorimetric Techniques for the Assessment of Sperm Membranes

Standard spermiograms describing sperm quality are mostly based on the physiological and visual parameters, such as ejaculate volume and concentration, motility and progressive motility, and sperm morphology and viability. However, none of these assessments is good enough to predict the semen quality. Given that maintenance of sperm viability and fertilization potential depends on membrane integrity and intracellular functionality, evaluation of these parameters might enable a better prediction of sperm fertilization competence. Here, we describe three feasible methods to evaluate sperm quality using specific fluorescent probes combined with fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry analyses. Analyses assessed plasma membrane integrity using 4&#39;,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI), acrosomal membrane integrity using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) and mitochondrial membrane integrity using 5,5&#39;,6,6&#39;-tetra-chloro-1,1&#39;,3,3&#39;-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1). Combinations of these methods are also presented. For instance, use of annexin V combined with PI fluorochromes enables assessing apoptosis and calculating the proportion of apoptotic sperm (apoptotic index). We believe that these methodologies, which are based on examining spermatozoon membranes, are very useful for the evaluation of sperm quality.

Here, we present methodologies to evaluate spermatozoan membrane integrity, a cellular feature associated with sperm fertilization competence. We describe three techniques for the fluorimetric assessment of sperm membranes: simultaneous staining with specific fluorescent probes, fluorescence microscopy, and advanced sperm-dedicated flow cytometry. Examples of combining the methodologies are also presented.

精子膜评价的荧光技术

Standard spermiograms describing sperm quality are mostly based on the physiological and visual parameters, such as ejaculate volume and concentration, ...

Assessment of Ultrastructural Neuroplasticity Parameters After In Utero Transduction of the Developing Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord

The present study combines in utero transduction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) aiming at a precise morphometrical analysis of ultrastructural parameters in unambiguously identified topographical structures, affected by a protein of interest that is introduced into the organism via viral transfer. This combined approach allows for a smooth transition from macrostructural to ultrastructural identification by following topographical navigation maps in a tissue atlas. High-resolution electron microscopy of the in-utero-transduced tissue reveals the fine ultrastructure of the neuropil and its plasticity parameters, such as cross-sectioned synaptic bouton areas, the number of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria within a bouton profile, the length of synaptic contacts, cross-sectioned axonal areas, the thickness of myelin sheaths, the number of myelin lamellae, and cross-sectioned areas of mitochondria profiles. The analysis of these parameters reveals essential insights into changes of ultrastructural plasticity in the areas of the nervous system that are affected by the viral transfer of the genetic construct. This combined method can not only be used for studying the direct effect of genetically engineered biomolecules and/or drugs on neuronal plasticity but also opens the possibility to study the in utero rescue of neuronal plasticity (e.g., in the context of neurodegenerative diseases).

The combination of transmission electron microscopy and in utero transduction is a powerful approach for studying morphological changes in the fine ultrastructure of the nervous system during development. This combined method allows deep insights into changes in structural details underlying neuroplasticity with respect to their topographical representation.

小鼠脑脊髓子宫转导后超微结构神经可塑性参数的评价

The present study combines in utero transduction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) aiming at a precise morphometrical analysis of ...

Evaluation of Fertilization State by Tracing Sperm Nuclear Morphology in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization

Flowering plants have a unique sexual reproduction system called &#8216;double fertilization&#39;,&#160;in which each of the sperm cells precisely fuses with an egg cell or a central cell. Thus, two independent fertilization events take place almost simultaneously. The fertilized egg cell and central cell develop into zygote and endosperm, respectively. Therefore, precise control of double fertilization is essential for the ensuing seed development. Double fertilization occurs in the female gametophyte (embryo sac), which is deeply hidden and covered with thick ovule and ovary tissues. This pistil tissue construction makes observation and analysis of double fertilization quite difficult and has created the present situation in which many questions regarding the mechanism of double fertilization remain unanswered. For the functional evaluation of a potential candidate for fertilization regulator, phenotypic analysis of fertilization is important. To judge the completion of fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana, the shapes of fluorescence signals labeling sperm nuclei are used as indicators. A sperm cell that fails to fertilize is indicated by a condensed fluorescence signal outside of the female gametes, whereas a sperm cell that successfully fertilizes is indicated by a decondensed signal due to karyogamy with the female gametes&#8217; nucleus. The method described here provides a tool to determine successful or failed fertilization under in vivo conditions.

Evaluation of Fertilization State by Tracing Sperm Nuclear Morphology in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization

We demonstrate a method to determine successful or failed fertilization on the basis of sperm nuclear morphology in Arabidopsis double fertilization using an epifluorescence microscope.

通过追踪阿拉伯植物双重受精中的精子核形态对受精国的评价

Flowering plants have a unique sexual reproduction system called &#8216;double fertilization&#39;,&#160;in which each of the sperm cells precisely fuses ...

Vascular Casting of Adult and Early Postnatal Mouse Lungs for Micro-CT Imaging

Blood vessels form intricate networks in 3-dimensional space. Consequently, it is difficult to visually appreciate how vascular networks interact and behave by observing the surface of a tissue. This method provides a means to visualize the complex 3-dimensional vascular architecture of the lung.
To accomplish this, a catheter is inserted into the pulmonary artery and the vasculature is simultaneously flushed of blood and chemically dilated to limit resistance. Lungs are then inflated through the trachea at a standard pressure and the polymer compound is infused into the vascular bed at a standard flow rate. Once the entire arterial network is filled and allowed to cure, the lung vasculature may be visualized directly or imaged on a micro-CT (&#181;CT) scanner.
When performed successfully, one can appreciate the pulmonary arterial network in mice ranging from early postnatal ages to adults. Additionally, while demonstrated in the pulmonary arterial bed, this method can be applied to any vascular bed with optimized catheter placement and endpoints.

The aim of this technique is ex vivo visualization of pulmonary arterial networks of early postnatal and adult mice through lung inflation and injection of a radio-opaque polymer-based compound via the pulmonary artery. Potential applications for casted tissues are also discussed.

用于微CT成像的成人和早期产后小鼠肺的血管铸造

Blood vessels form intricate networks in 3-dimensional space. Consequently, it is difficult to visually appreciate how vascular networks interact and ...

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

In organisms with sexual reproduction, germ cells are the source of totipotent cells that develop into new individuals. In mice, fertilization of an oocyte by a spermatozoon creates a totipotent zygote. Recently, several publications have reported that haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) can be a substitute for gametic genomes and contribute to embryos, which develop into mice. Here, we present a protocol to apply parthenogenetic haESCs as a substitute of sperm to construct embryos by intracytoplasmic injection into oocytes. This protocol consists of steps for preparing haESCs as sperm replacement, for injection of haESC chromosomes into oocytes, and for culture of semi-cloned embryos. The embryos can yield fertile semi-cloned mice after embryo transfer. Using haESCs as sperm replacement facilitates genome editing in the germline, studies of embryonic development, and investigation of genomic imprinting.

This article aims to demonstrate the use of parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells as a substitute for sperm for the construction of semi-cloned embryos.

应用小鼠部分遗传类胚胎干细胞作为精子的替代品

In organisms with sexual reproduction, germ cells are the source of totipotent cells that develop into new individuals. In mice, fertilization of an ...

Detection and Quantitation of Label-Retaining Cells in Mouse Incisors using a 3D Reconstruction Approach after Tissue Clearing

The murine incisor is an organ that grows continuously throughout the lifespan of the mouse. The epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells residing in the proximal tissues of incisors give rise to progeny that will differentiate into ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and pulp fibroblasts. These cells are crucial in supporting the sustained turnover of incisor tissues, making the murine incisor an excellent model for studying the homeostasis of adult stem cells. Stem cells are believed to contain long-living quiescent cells that can be labeled by nucleotide analogs such as 5-ethynyl-2&#180;-deoxyuridine (EdU). The cells retain this label over time and are accordingly named&#160;label-retaining cells (LRCs). Approaches for visualizing LRCs in vivo provide a robust tool for monitoring stem cell homeostasis. In this study, we described a method for visualizing and analyzing LRCs. Our innovative approach features LRCs in mouse incisors after tissue clearing and whole-mount EdU staining followed by confocal microscopy and a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction with the imaging software. This method enables 3D imaging acquisition and non-biased quantitation compared to traditional LRCs analysis on sectioned slides.

The mouse incisor contains valuable label-retaining cells in its stem cell niche. We have a novel way to unbiasedly detect and quantify the label-retaining cells; our study used EdU labeling and a 3D reconstruction approach after PEGASOS tissue clearing of the mandible.

组织清除后使用3D重建方法检测和定量小鼠门牙中的标记保留细胞

The murine incisor is an organ that grows continuously throughout the lifespan of the mouse. The epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells residing in the ...

将成像与兴奋剂递送系统相结合以研究活体小鼠精子

Real-Time Imaging of Acrosomal Calcium Dynamics and Exocytosis in Live Mouse Sperm

Acrosome exocytosis (AE), in which the sperm&#39;s single exocytotic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, is a complex, calcium-dependent process essential for fertilization. However, our understanding of how calcium signaling regulates AE is still incomplete. In particular, the interplay between intra-acrosomal calcium dynamics and the intermediate steps leading to AE is not well-defined. Here, we describe a method that provides spatial and temporal insights into acrosomal calcium dynamics and their relationship to membrane fusion and subsequent exocytosis of the acrosome vesicle. The method utilizes a novel transgenic mouse expressing an Acrosome-targeted Sensor for Exocytosis (AcroSensE). The sensor combines a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GCaMP) fused with mCherry. This fusion protein was specifically designed to enable the concurrent observation of acrosomal calcium dynamics and membrane fusion events. Real-time monitoring of acrosomal calcium dynamics and AE in live AcroSensE sperm is achieved using a combination of high frame-rate imaging and a stimulant delivery system that can target single sperm. This protocol also provides several examples of basic methods to quantify and analyze the raw data. Because the AcroSensE model is genetically encoded, its scientific significance can be augmented by using readily available genetic tools, such as crossbreeding with other mouse genetic models or gene-editing (CRISPR) based methods. With this strategy, the roles of additional signaling pathways in sperm capacitation and fertilization can be resolved. In summary, the method described here provides a convenient and effective tool to study calcium dynamics in a specific subcellular compartment-the sperm acrosome-and how those dynamics regulate the intermediate steps leading to membrane fusion and acrosome exocytosis.

作者聚焦：一种研究小鼠精子中钙信号传导和顶体胞吐作用的活细胞成像技术 

The AcroSensE mouse model and live cell imaging methods described here provide a new approach to studying calcium dynamics in the subcellular compartment of the sperm acrosome and how they regulate intermediate steps leading to membrane fusion and acrosome exocytosis.

活小鼠精子顶体钙动力学和胞吐作用的实时成像

Acrosome exocytosis (AE), in which the sperm&#39;s single exocytotic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, is a complex, calcium-dependent process ...